由正則表示式匹配($regex)引發的一次mongo數據庫cpu佔用率高的問題

某一天,監控到mongo數據庫cpu使用率高了不少,查了一下,發現是下面這種語句引發的:正則表達式

db.example_collection.find({ "idField" : { "$regex" : "123456789012345678"} , "dateField" : { "$regex" : "2019/10/10"}})


一般,遇到這種狀況,我第一反應是缺乏相關字段的索引,致使每執行一次這種語句都會全表掃描一次。數據庫


可是我用explain( )語句分析了下,發現上面所涉及的兩個字段idField、dateField是有索引的,而且該語句也是有使用到索引的。以下爲explain( )的結果:併發

mgset-11111111:PRIMARY> db.example_collection.find({ "idField" : { "$regex" : "123456789012345678"} , "dateField" : { "$regex" : "2019/10/10"}}).explain("queryPlanner")
{
        "queryPlanner" : {
                "plannerVersion" : 1,
                "namespace" : "example_db.example_collection",
                "indexFilterSet" : false,
                "parsedQuery" : {
                        "$and" : [
                                {
                                        "idField" : {
                                                "$regex" : "123456789012345678"
                                        }
                                },
                                {
                                        "dateField" : {
                                                "$regex" : "2019/10/10"
                                        }
                                }
                        ]
                },
                "winningPlan" : {
                        "stage" : "FETCH",
                        "inputStage" : {
                                "stage" : "IXSCAN",
                                "filter" : {
                                        "$and" : [
                                                {
                                                        "idField" : {
                                                                "$regex" : "123456789012345678"
                                                        }
                                                },
                                                {
                                                        "dateField" : {
                                                                "$regex" : "2019/10/10"
                                                        }
                                                }
                                        ]
                                },
                                "keyPattern" : {
                                        "idField" : 1,
                                        "dateField" : 1
                                },
                                "indexName" : "idField_1_dateField_1",
                                "isMultiKey" : false,
                                "multiKeyPaths" : {
                                        "idField" : [ ],
                                        "dateField" : [ ]
                                },
                                "isUnique" : false,
                                "isSparse" : false,
                                "isPartial" : false,
                                "indexVersion" : 2,
                                "direction" : "forward",
                                "indexBounds" : {
                                        "idField" : [
                                                "[\"\", {})",
                                                "[/123456789012345678/, /123456789012345678/]"
                                        ],
                                        "dateField" : [
                                                "[\"\", {})",
                                                "[/2019/10/10/, /2019/10/10/]"
                                        ]
                                }
                        }
                },
                "rejectedPlans" : [ ]
        },
        "ok" : 1
}


查看mongo的日誌發現,這種語句執行一次就要800~900ms,的確是比較慢。除非數據庫cpu核數不少,要否則只要這種語句每秒併發稍微高一點,cpu很快就被佔滿了。ide


以後搜索了下,發現有多是正則表達式的問題。原來,雖然該語句的確是使用了索引,可是explain( )語句的輸出中還有一個字段"indexBounds",表示執行該語句時所需掃描的索引範圍。說實話,上面那個輸出中,我始終沒看明白它那個索引範圍。上面的語句對idField、dateField這兩個字段都進行了普通的正則表達式匹配,我猜想它應該是掃描了整個索引樹,因此致使索引並未實際提高該語句的查詢效率。spa


我看了下數據庫裏面的數據,發現idField、dateField這兩個字段徹底沒有必要進行正則匹配,進行普通的文本匹配就行。將正則匹配操做$regex去掉以後,再分析一下,結果是這樣的:
日誌

mgset-11111111:PRIMARY> db.example_collection.find({ "idField" : "123456789012345678", "dateField" : "2019/10/10"}).explain("queryPlanner")
{
        "queryPlanner" : {
                "plannerVersion" : 1,
                "namespace" : "example_db.example_collection",
                "indexFilterSet" : false,
                "parsedQuery" : {
                        "$and" : [
                                {
                                        "idField" : {
                                                "$eq" : "123456789012345678"
                                        }
                                },
                                {
                                        "dateField" : {
                                                "$eq" : "2019/10/10"
                                        }
                                }
                        ]
                },
                "winningPlan" : {
                        "stage" : "FETCH",
                        "inputStage" : {
                                "stage" : "IXSCAN",
                                "keyPattern" : {
                                        "idField" : 1,
                                        "dateField" : 1
                                },
                                "indexName" : "idField_1_dateField_1",
                                "isMultiKey" : false,
                                "multiKeyPaths" : {
                                        "idField" : [ ],
                                        "dateField" : [ ]
                                },
                                "isUnique" : false,
                                "isSparse" : false,
                                "isPartial" : false,
                                "indexVersion" : 2,
                                "direction" : "forward",
                                "indexBounds" : {
                                        "idField" : [
                                                "[\"123456789012345678\", \"123456789012345678\"]"
                                        ],
                                        "dateField" : [
                                                "[\"2019/10/10\", \"2019/10/10\"]"
                                        ]
                                }
                        }
                },
                "rejectedPlans" : [ ]
        },
        "ok" : 1
}


能夠看到,仍然使用到了索引,而且索引掃描範圍是僅限於一個值的。索引


後來跟開發人員確認了下,該語句確實不必使用正則匹配,就讓他把正則匹配去掉了。以後就沒有再出現問題了,mongo慢日誌中也未再出現該語句。開發

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