大多數的系統都會涉及縮略圖的處理,好比新聞系統和電商系統,特別是電商系統,每一個商品大圖都會對應一系列尺寸的縮略圖用於不一樣業務場景的使用。部分系統也會生成不一樣尺寸的縮略圖以供PC、手機端、ipad端使用。javascript
解決方案探索: php
本文使用的是Nginx+Lua+GraphicsMagick實現縮略圖功能,圖片的上傳及刪除仍是交由web服務處理,縮略圖由單獨的模塊去完成。最終效果相似淘寶圖片,實現自定義圖片尺寸功能,可根據圖片加後綴100x100.jpg(固定高寬),-100.jpg(定高),_100-.jpg(定寬)形式實現自定義輸出圖片大小。css
github源碼地址:https://github.com/botaozhao/nginx-lua-GraphicsMagickhtml
2018-2-9: 加入縮略圖尺寸限制,需在demo.conf中配置開關及容許的尺寸,代碼片斷爲:java
init_by_lua ' -- 開關 須要限制縮略圖尺寸:true ,不須要限制縮略圖尺寸:false image_sizes_check = true -- 容許的尺寸 image_sizes = {"800x800", "400x400", "100x100", "-800", "-400", "-100", "800-", "400-", "100-"} ';
文件夾規劃node
img.xxx.com(如/usr/local/filebase) ├─upload │ └─img │ ├─001.jpg │ └─002.jpg
自定義尺寸後的路徑nginx
thumb(/tmp/thumb,可在conf文件裏面更改) ├─upload │ └─img │ ├─001.jpg_100x100.jpg #固定高和寬 │ ├─001.jpg_-100.jpg #定高 │ ├─001.jpg_200-.jpg #定寬 │ └─002.jpg_300x300.jpg #固定高和寬
連接地址對應關係
原圖訪問地址:http://img.xxx.com/upload/img/001.jpg
縮略圖訪問地址:http://img.xxx.com/upload/img/001.jpg_100x100.jpg 即爲寬100,高100
自動寬地址: http://img.xxx.com/upload/img/001.jpg_-100.jpg 用"-"表示自動,即爲高100,寬自動
自動高地址: http://img.xxx.com/upload/img/001.jpg_200-.jpg 用"-"表示自動,即爲寬200,高自動c++
訪問流程git
系統環境
centOS7 X64 虛擬機內最小化安裝
如下操做均在此係統中操做,僅供參考
一、環境準備github
yum install -y wget git yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel yum install -y libpng libjpeg libpng-devel libjpeg-devel ghostscript libtiff libtiff-devel freetype freetype-devel yum install -y GraphicsMagick GraphicsMagick-devel
若是提示沒有GraphicsMagick的可用安裝包,請自行安裝GraphicsMagick,具體可參考個人另外一篇文章:CentOS7下安裝GraphicsMagick1.3.21。
二、下載相關應用
cd /usr/local/src wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz wget http://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.4.tar.gz wget http://zlib.net/fossils/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
三、下載nginx組件
git clone https://github.com/alibaba/nginx-http-concat.git git clone https://github.com/simpl/ngx_devel_kit.git git clone https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module.git git clone https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module.git
解壓安裝
tar -zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz tar -zxf LuaJIT-2.0.4.tar.gz tar -zxf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
一、安裝LuaJIT
cd LuaJIT-2.0.4 make -j8 make install export LUAJIT_LIB=/usr/local/lib export LUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/include/luajit-2.0 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2 /lib64/libluajit-5.1.so.2 cd ..
二、安裝nginx
cd nginx-1.8.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf \ --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/pid/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/usr/local/nginx/pid/nginx.lock \ --error-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log \ --http-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_sub_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_dav_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_addition_module \ --with-http_spdy_module \ --with-pcre \ --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.8 \ --add-module=../nginx-http-concat \ --add-module=../lua-nginx-module \ --add-module=../ngx_devel_kit make -j8 make install
編譯nginx常見問題
./configure: error: invalid option "–with-http_spdy_module"
相關配置文件結構位置
/usr/local/nginx │ ├─conf │ ├─...... │ └─nginx.conf │ ├─html │ ├─logs │ ├─lua │ ├─autoSize.lua │ └─cropSize.lua │ ├─pid │ ├─sbin │ └─vhost │ └─demo.conf
相關的配置文件能夠去個人github上去下載,地址爲:nginx-lua-GraphicsMagick。
下面貼出詳細的配置文件內容,和github上一致,可直接跳過。
修改nginx配置文件
cd /usr/local/nginx/ vi conf/nginx.conf
user root; worker_processes 4; worker_cpu_affinity 1000 0100 0010 0001; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log error; pid /usr/local/nginx/pid/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m; limit_conn_zone $server_name zone=perserver:10m; include mime.types; include fastcgi.conf; default_type application/octet-stream; charset utf-8; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 64k; sendfile on; autoindex off; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 120; fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 60; fastcgi_read_timeout 60; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 8 128k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; client_max_body_size 200m; #lua_package_path "/etc/nginx/lua/?.lua"; include /usr/local/nginx/vhost/*.conf; }
修改站點配置
普通站點的配置文件,包含固定高寬和定高,定寬兩種模式配置
cd /usr/local/nginx/ mkdir vhost vi vhost/demo.conf
#定義lua縮略圖支持的圖片尺寸及開關 init_by_lua ' -- 開關 須要限制縮略圖尺寸:true ,不須要限制縮略圖尺寸:false image_sizes_check = true -- 容許的尺寸 image_sizes = {"800x800", "400x400", "100x100", "-800", "-400", "-100", "800-", "400-", "100-"} '; server { listen 80; index index.php index.html index.htm; set $root_path '/var/www'; root $root_path; location /lua { default_type 'text/plain'; content_by_lua 'ngx.say("hello, ttlsa lua")'; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; # add support for img which has query params, # like: xxx.jpg?a=b&c=d_750x750.jpg if ($args ~* "^([^_]+)_(\d+)+x(\d+)+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$") { set $w $2; set $h $3; set $img_ext $4; # rewrite ^\?(.*)$ _${w}x${h}.$img_ext? last; rewrite ([^.]*).(jpg|jpeg|png|gif)$ $1.$2_${w}x${h}.$img_ext? permanent; } } # set var for thumb pic set $upload_path /usr/local/filebase; set $img_original_root $upload_path;# original root; set $img_thumbnail_root $upload_path/cache/thumb; set $img_file $img_thumbnail_root$uri; # like:/xx/xx/xx.jpg_100-.jpg or /xx/xx/xx.jpg_-100.jpg location ~* ^(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png))_((\d+\-)|(\-\d+))\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ { root $img_thumbnail_root; # root path for croped img set $img_size $3; if (!-f $img_file) { # if file not exists add_header X-Powered-By 'Nginx+Lua+GraphicsMagick By Botao'; # header for test add_header file-path $request_filename; # header for test set $request_filepath $img_original_root$1; # origin_img full path:/document_root/1.gif set $img_size $3; # img width or height size depends on uri set $img_ext $2; # file ext content_by_lua_file /usr/local/nginx/lua/autoSize.lua; # load lua } } # like: /xx/xx/xx.jpg_100x100.jpg location ~* ^(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png))_(\d+)+x(\d+)+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ { root $img_thumbnail_root; # root path for croped img if (!-f $img_file) { # if file not exists add_header X-Powered-By 'Nginx+Lua+GraphicsMagick By Botao'; # header for test add_header file-path $request_filename; # header for test set $request_filepath $img_original_root$1; # origin_img file path set $img_width $3; # img width set $img_height $4; # height set $img_ext $5; # file ext content_by_lua_file /usr/local/nginx/lua/cropSize.lua; # load lua } } # if need (all go there) location ~* /upload { root $img_original_root; } location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } }
裁切圖片lua工具
cd /usr/local/nginx/ mkdir lua
lua文件夾下須要兩個文件
cropSize.lua 固定高寬模式裁切圖片處理lua腳本
autoSize.lua文件內容爲:
-- 根據輸入長或寬的尺寸自動裁切圖片大小 -- 檢測路徑是否目錄 local function is_dir(sPath) if type(sPath) ~= "string" then return false end local response = os.execute("cd " .. sPath) if response == 0 then return true end return false end -- 文件是否存在 function file_exists(name) local f = io.open(name, "r") if f ~= nil then io.close(f) return true else return false end end -- 獲取文件路徑 function getFileDir(filename) return string.match(filename, "(.+)/[^/]*%.%w+$") --*nix system end -- 獲取文件名 function strippath(filename) return string.match(filename, ".+/([^/]*%.%w+)$") -- *nix system end --去除擴展名 function stripextension(filename) local idx = filename:match(".+()%.%w+$") if (idx) then return filename:sub(1, idx - 1) else return filename end end --獲取擴展名 function getExtension(filename) return filename:match(".+%.(%w+)$") end function getImgSize(img) end -- 判斷尺寸是否合法 -- check image size function table.contains(table, element) for _, value in pairs(table) do if value == element then return true end end return false end if image_sizes_check then if not table.contains(image_sizes, ngx.var.img_size) then ngx.exit(404); end end -- check image end -- 開始執行 -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR, getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)); local gm_path = 'gm' -- check image dir if not is_dir(getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)) then os.execute("mkdir -p " .. getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)) end -- 獲取高寬 100!或!100模式 local uri = ngx.var.img_size local width = string.sub(uri,1,1) local height = 0 if width == "-" then width = 0 height = string.sub(uri,2,string.len(uri)) else width = string.sub(uri,1,string.len(uri)-1) height = 0 end -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,uri) -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,width) -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,height) -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,ngx.var.img_file); -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,ngx.var.request_filepath); -- 裁剪後保證等比縮圖 (缺點:裁剪了圖片的一部分) -- 如: gm convert autoSize.jpg -resize x200 -quality 100 +profile "*" autoSize.jpg_-200.jpg if (file_exists(ngx.var.request_filepath)) then local cmd = gm_path .. ' convert ' .. ngx.var.request_filepath if height == 0 then cmd = cmd .. " -resize " .. width .. "x" .. "" else cmd = cmd .. " -resize " .. "x" .. height .. "" end -- 因爲壓縮後比較模糊,默認圖片質量爲100,請根據本身狀況修改quality cmd = cmd .. " -quality 100" cmd = cmd .. " +profile \"*\" " .. ngx.var.img_file; ngx.log(ngx.ERR, cmd); os.execute(cmd); ngx.exec(ngx.var.uri); else ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_NOT_FOUND); end
cropSize.lua文件內容爲:
-- 根據輸入長和寬的尺寸裁切圖片 -- 檢測路徑是否目錄 local function is_dir(sPath) if type(sPath) ~= "string" then return false end local response = os.execute("cd " .. sPath) if response == 0 then return true end return false end -- 文件是否存在 function file_exists(name) local f = io.open(name, "r") if f ~= nil then io.close(f) return true else return false end end -- 獲取文件路徑 function getFileDir(filename) return string.match(filename, "(.+)/[^/]*%.%w+$") --*nix system end -- 獲取文件名 function strippath(filename) return string.match(filename, ".+/([^/]*%.%w+)$") -- *nix system end --去除擴展名 function stripextension(filename) local idx = filename:match(".+()%.%w+$") if (idx) then return filename:sub(1, idx - 1) else return filename end end --獲取擴展名 function getExtension(filename) return filename:match(".+%.(%w+)$") end -- 判斷尺寸是否合法 -- 待切割的圖片尺寸 local img_width_height = ngx.var.img_width .. "x" .. ngx.var.img_height; -- check image size function table.contains(table, element) for _, value in pairs(table) do if value == element then return true end end return false end if image_sizes_check then if not table.contains(image_sizes, img_width_height) then ngx.exit(404); end end -- check image end -- 開始執行 -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR, getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)); local gm_path = 'gm' -- check image dir if not is_dir(getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)) then os.execute("mkdir -p " .. getFileDir(ngx.var.img_file)) end -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,ngx.var.img_file); -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR,ngx.var.request_filepath); -- 裁剪後保證等比縮圖 (缺點:裁剪了圖片的一部分) -- gm convert cropSize.jpg -thumbnail 300x300^ -gravity center -extent 300x300 -quality 100 +profile "*" cropSize.jpg_300x300.jpg if (file_exists(ngx.var.request_filepath)) then local cmd = gm_path .. ' convert ' .. ngx.var.request_filepath cmd = cmd .. " -thumbnail " .. ngx.var.img_width .. "x" .. ngx.var.img_height .. "^" cmd = cmd .. " -gravity center -extent " .. ngx.var.img_width .. "x" .. ngx.var.img_height -- 因爲壓縮後比較模糊,默認圖片質量爲100,請根據本身狀況修改quality cmd = cmd .. " -quality 100" cmd = cmd .. " +profile \"*\" " .. ngx.var.img_file; -- ngx.log(ngx.ERR, cmd); os.execute(cmd); ngx.exec(ngx.var.uri); else ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_NOT_FOUND); end
開啓80端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp firewall-cmd --reload
啓動nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/ ./sbin/nginx
訪問查看圖片
分別訪問下面幾個地址,測試可否查看及生成縮略圖
http://XXX/upload/img/001.jpg
http://XXX/upload/img/001.jpg_-200.jpg
http://XXX/upload/img/001.jpg_200X200.jpg
效果以下:
此時服務器端也已經在相應路徑下生成了縮略圖文件:
至此,nginx+lua+GraphicsMagick生成實時縮略圖完成!
如今已經實現了服務器端實時生成縮略圖,爲了不服務器被被惡意改變寬和高參數而隨意生成大量文件,浪費資源和空間,因此,咱們加入了尺寸限制,具體配置已再demo.conf配置文件中標出。