MySQL 死鎖套路:惟一索引 S 鎖與 X 鎖的愛恨情仇

上一篇文章介紹了使用調試 MySQL 源碼的方式來查看死鎖的過程,這篇文章來說講一個常見的案例。mysql

絕不誇張的說,有一半以上的死鎖問題由惟一索引貢獻,後面介紹的不少死鎖的問題都跟惟一索引有關。此次咱們講一段惟一索引 S 鎖與 X 鎖的愛恨情仇sql

咱們來看一個簡化過的例子數據庫

# 構造數據
CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(10),
  `level` int(11),
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `uk_name` (`name`)
);
# 注意這裏有插入一條初始化的數據,不然不會出現死鎖
INSERT INTO `t1` (`name`, `level`) VALUES ('A',0);

# 出現問題的sql語句以下,併發狀況下就會出現死鎖
INSERT ignore INTO `t1` (`name`, `level`) VALUES ('A',0);
update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";
複製代碼

咱們用以前介紹過的源碼分析方式,先來看下這兩條語句分別加什麼鎖,而後分析死鎖造成的過程。bash

第一條語句

INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ('A',0);session

在調試中獲得的結果以下併發

能夠看到這條語句對惟一鍵 uk_name 加共享鎖(S鎖),並且成功。

第二條語句

update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"; 經過惟一鍵更新數據庫字段。源碼分析

這種狀況在以前的文章已經介紹過,會對惟一索引加 X 鎖,而後對主鍵索引加 X 鎖ui

這樣就能夠很是輕鬆的復現死鎖的問題了,步驟以下

  1. 開啓兩個 session,分別 begin
  2. session1 執行INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ('A',0);
  3. session2 執行INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ('A',0);
  4. session1 執行update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"; 進入等待狀態
  5. session2 執行update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";,死鎖產生,被回滾,同時事務 1 執行成功

詳細的鎖狀態變化以下spa

t1 t2 備註
INSERT IGNORE INTO - t1成功得到uk的S鎖 DB_SUCCESS
- INSERT IGNORE INTO t2成功得到uk的S鎖 DB_SUCCESS
UPDATE - t1嘗試得到uk的X鎖,但沒有成功,處於等待狀態 DB_LOCK_WAIT
- UPDATE t2嘗試得到uk的X鎖,發現死鎖產生 DB_DEADLOCK
- Deadlock t2釋放S鎖
成功 - -

死鎖日誌以下:3d

LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK
------------------------
181208 23:00:52
*** (1) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 53A7, ACTIVE 162 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 2 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 12, OS thread handle 0x700010522000, query id 1424 localhost root Updating
update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"
*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A7 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;;
 1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc     ;;

*** (2) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 53A8, ACTIVE 8 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
3 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 2 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 96, OS thread handle 0x70001062e000, query id 1425 localhost root Updating
update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):
RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A8 lock mode S
Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;;
 1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc     ;;

*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A8 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;;
 1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc     ;;

*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (2)
複製代碼

來詳細看一下這個死鎖日誌

*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index uk_name of table lock_demo2.t1 trx id 53A7 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

事務 1 想獲取 uk_name 惟一索引上的 X 鎖 (非 gap 鎖的記錄鎖)

*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index uk_name of table lock_demo2.t1 trx id 53A8 lock mode S

事務 2 持有uk_name 惟一索引上的 S 鎖(共享鎖)

*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index uk_name of table lock_demo2.t1 trx id 53A8 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

事務 2 想得到 uk_name 惟一索引上的 X 鎖(非 gap 鎖的記錄鎖)

跟以前理論上推斷的結論是一致的

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