權限組件、頻率組件

權限組件

1.權限簡介

只有超級用戶才能訪問指定的數據,普通用戶不能訪問,因此就要有權限組件對其進行限制。django

2.局部使用

# 寫一個權限類
from rest_framework.permissions omport BasePermission
class MyPermission(BasePermission):
    message = ''

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        user_type = request.user.user_type
        if user_type == 1 or user_type == 2:
            return True
        else:
            self.message = '你不是VIP或超級會員,不能查看'
            return False

視圖類中:api

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01.MySerializers import *
class BooksView(APIView):
    # 局部使用,在視圖類中加入:
    permission_classes = [MyPermission,]

    def get(self, request):
        user = request.user
        book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
        book_ser = BookSerialzers(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(book_ser.data)

3.全局使用

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.my_auth.MyPermission",]
}

局部禁用:

在視圖類中:緩存

permission_classes = []

4.源碼分析

# 執行APIView中的dispatch方法--->執行self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)方法
--->執行self.check_permissions(request)方法
--->在權限類中重寫def has_permission(self, request, view)方法,其中本身寫權限認證的邏輯
def check_permissions(self, request):
    for permission in self.get_permissions():
        if not permission.has_permission(request, self):
            self.permission_denied(
                request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None)
                )

self.get_permissions()app

def get_permissions(self):
     return [permission() for permission in self.permission_classes]

頻率組件

1.頻率簡介

爲了控制用戶對某個url請求的頻率,好比:一分鐘之內,只能訪問三次ide

2.自定義頻率類(自定義規則)

自定義邏輯:源碼分析

#(1)取出訪問者ip
# (2)判斷當前ip不在訪問字典裏,添加進去,而且直接返回True,表示第一次訪問,在字典裏,繼續往下走
# (3)循環判斷當前ip的列表,有值,而且當前時間減去列表的最後一個時間大於60s,把這種數據pop掉,這樣列表中只有60s之內的訪問時間,
# (4)判斷,當列表小於3,說明一分鐘之內訪問不足三次,把當前時間插入到列表第一個位置,返回True,順利經過
# (5)當大於等於3,說明一分鐘內訪問超過三次,返回False驗證失敗

代碼驗證:post

寫一個類繼承BaseThrottle,重寫def allow_request(self, request, view)方法:url

class MyThrottles():
    VISIT_RECORD = {}
    def __init__(self):
        self.history=None
    def allow_request(self,request, view):
        #(1)取出訪問者ip
        # print(request.META)
        ip=request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
        import time
        ctime=time.time()
        # (2)判斷當前ip不在訪問字典裏,添加進去,而且直接返回True,表示第一次訪問
        if ip not in self.VISIT_RECORD:
            self.VISIT_RECORD[ip]=[ctime,]
            return True
        self.history=self.VISIT_RECORD.get(ip)
        # (3)循環判斷當前ip的列表,有值,而且當前時間減去列表的最後一個時間大於60s,把這種數據pop掉,這樣列表中只有60s之內的訪問時間,
        while self.history and ctime-self.history[-1]>60:
            self.history.pop()
        # (4)判斷,當列表小於3,說明一分鐘之內訪問不足三次,把當前時間插入到列表第一個位置,返回True,順利經過
        # (5)當大於等於3,說明一分鐘內訪問超過三次,返回False驗證失敗
        if len(self.history)<3:
            self.history.insert(0,ctime)
            return True
        else:
            return False
    def wait(self):
        import time
        ctime=time.time()
        return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])
View Code

3.內置頻率類及局部使用

寫一個類繼承SimpleRateThrottle, (根據ip限制),重寫get_cache_key(self, request, view)方法:spa

class MyThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
    scope = 'my_throttle'

    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        return self.get_ident(request)  # 自定義頻率限制的規則參數

在settings.py文件中配置:rest

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
        'my_throttle': '10/m'
    }
}

視圖類中:

throttle_classes = [MyThrottle, ]

錯誤信息的中文提示:

class Course(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]
    permission_classes = [UserPermission, ]
    throttle_classes = [MyThrottles,]

    def get(self, request):
        return HttpResponse('get')

    def post(self, request):
        return HttpResponse('post')
    def throttled(self, request, wait):
        from rest_framework.exceptions import Throttled
        class MyThrottled(Throttled):
            default_detail = '傻逼啊'
            extra_detail_singular = '還有 {wait} second.'
            extra_detail_plural = '出了 {wait} seconds.'
        raise MyThrottled(wait)
View Code

內置頻率限制類:

BaseThrottle是全部類的基類:方法:def get_ident(self, request)獲取標識,其實就是獲取ip,自定義的須要繼承它

AnonRateThrottle:未登陸用戶ip限制,須要配合auth模塊用

SimpleRateThrottle:重寫此方法,能夠實現頻率如今,不須要我們手寫上面自定義的邏輯

UserRateThrottle:登陸用戶頻率限制,這個得配合auth模塊來用

ScopedRateThrottle:應用在局部視圖上的(忽略)

4.全局使用

在settings.py文件中配置:

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ['app01.my_auth.MyThrottle', ],
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES':{
        'luffy':'3/m'
    }
}

局部禁用:

在視圖類中:

throttle_classes = []

5.源碼分析

# 繼承BaseThrottle類時:
# 執行APIView中的dispatch方法--->執行self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)方法
--->執行self.check_throttles(request)
--->在權限類中重寫def allow_request(self, request, view)方法,其中本身寫頻率限制的邏輯

# 繼承SimpleRateThrottle類時:
# 執行APIView中的dispatch方法--->執行self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)方法
--->執行self.check_throttles(request)
--->在權限類中重寫def get_cache_key(self, request, view)方法,其中本身寫頻率限制的邏輯
    def check_throttles(self, request):
        for throttle in self.get_throttles():
            if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):
                self.throttled(request, throttle.wait())
    def throttled(self, request, wait):
        #拋異常,能夠自定義異常,實現錯誤信息的中文顯示
        raise exceptions.Throttled(wait)
class SimpleRateThrottle(BaseThrottle):
    # 咱本身寫的放在了全局變量,他的在django的緩存中
    cache = default_cache
    # 獲取當前時間,跟咱寫的同樣
    timer = time.time
    # 作了一個字符串格式化,
    cache_format = 'throttle_%(scope)s_%(ident)s'
    scope = None
    # 從配置文件中取DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES,因此咱配置文件中應該配置,不然報錯
    THROTTLE_RATES = api_settings.DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES

    def __init__(self):
        if not getattr(self, 'rate', None):
            # 從配置文件中找出scope配置的名字對應的值,好比咱寫的‘3/m’,他取出來
            self.rate = self.get_rate()
        #     解析'3/m',解析成 3      m
        self.num_requests, self.duration = self.parse_rate(self.rate)
    # 這個方法須要重寫
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        """
        Should return a unique cache-key which can be used for throttling.
        Must be overridden.

        May return `None` if the request should not be throttled.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('.get_cache_key() must be overridden')
    
    def get_rate(self):
        if not getattr(self, 'scope', None):
            msg = ("You must set either `.scope` or `.rate` for '%s' throttle" %
                   self.__class__.__name__)
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg)

        try:
            # 獲取在setting裏配置的字典中的之,self.scope是 咱寫的luffy
            return self.THROTTLE_RATES[self.scope]
        except KeyError:
            msg = "No default throttle rate set for '%s' scope" % self.scope
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg)
    # 解析 3/m這種傳參
    def parse_rate(self, rate):
        """
        Given the request rate string, return a two tuple of:
        <allowed number of requests>, <period of time in seconds>
        """
        if rate is None:
            return (None, None)
        num, period = rate.split('/')
        num_requests = int(num)
        # 只取了第一位,也就是 3/mimmmmmmm也是表明一分鐘
        duration = {'s': 1, 'm': 60, 'h': 3600, 'd': 86400}[period[0]]
        return (num_requests, duration)
    # 邏輯跟咱自定義的相同
    def allow_request(self, request, view):
        """
        Implement the check to see if the request should be throttled.

        On success calls `throttle_success`.
        On failure calls `throttle_failure`.
        """
        if self.rate is None:
            return True

        self.key = self.get_cache_key(request, view)
        if self.key is None:
            return True

        self.history = self.cache.get(self.key, [])
        self.now = self.timer()

        # Drop any requests from the history which have now passed the
        # throttle duration
        while self.history and self.history[-1] <= self.now - self.duration:
            self.history.pop()
        if len(self.history) >= self.num_requests:
            return self.throttle_failure()
        return self.throttle_success()
    # 成功返回true,而且插入到緩存中
    def throttle_success(self):
        """
        Inserts the current request's timestamp along with the key
        into the cache.
        """
        self.history.insert(0, self.now)
        self.cache.set(self.key, self.history, self.duration)
        return True
    # 失敗返回false
    def throttle_failure(self):
        """
        Called when a request to the API has failed due to throttling.
        """
        return False

    def wait(self):
        """
        Returns the recommended next request time in seconds.
        """
        if self.history:
            remaining_duration = self.duration - (self.now - self.history[-1])
        else:
            remaining_duration = self.duration

        available_requests = self.num_requests - len(self.history) + 1
        if available_requests <= 0:
            return None

        return remaining_duration / float(available_requests)
SimpeRateThrottle源碼分析
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