47.Nginx安裝、默認虛擬主機、Nginx用戶認證、Nginx域名重定向

一 、Nginx安裝

cd /usr/local/src
 wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
 tar  zxf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
 cd nginx-1.12.1
 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
 make &&  make install
 vim /etc/init.d/nginx

• 複製以下內容（參考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/etc_init.d_nginx ）
  

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
 chkconfig --add nginx 
 chkconfig nginx on 
 cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ 
 mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

vim nginx.conf //寫入以下內容（參考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/nginx.conf）

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 /etc/init.d/nginx  start
 netstat -lntp |grep 80

• 測試php解析

vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php      //加入以下內容

<?php
    echo "test php scripts.";
?>

curl localhost/1.php

2、Nginx默認虛擬主機

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  //先刪除server部分，而後增長
  include vhost/*.conf
  mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
  cd !$

vim default.conf //加入以下內容

server
{
    listen 80 default_server;  // 有這個標記的就是默認虛擬主機
    server_name aaa.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/default;
}

mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default/
 echo 「This is a default site.」>/data/wwwroot/default/index.html
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload     //不重啓nginx從新加載配置文件，若是配置文件錯誤則不會從新加載
 curl localhost
 curl -x127.0.0.1:80 123.com

3、Nginx用戶認證

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf//寫入以下內容

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

location  /
    {
        auth_basic              "Auth";
        auth_basic_user_file   /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}

yum install -y httpd  //若是沒有安裝apache就yum安裝，而後執行下面命令
 htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd chinantfy

• 因爲以前已經安裝apache，這裏直接執行命令

/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd  chinantfy //第一次生成文件才須要加-c，追加用戶不須要加

 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload//測試配置並從新加載

mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
 echo 「test.com」>/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html
 curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I//狀態碼爲401說明須要驗證
 curl -uchinantfy:qwer -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I   //訪 問狀態碼變爲200

• 編輯windows的hosts文件，而後在瀏覽器中訪問test.com會有輸入用戶、密碼的彈窗

• 針對目錄的用戶認證(test/admin)

location  /admin/
    {
        auth_basic              "Auth";
        auth_basic_user_file   /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}

• 針對php文件

location  ~ admin.php
    {
        auth_basic              "Auth";
        auth_basic_user_file   /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}

4、Nginx域名重定向

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }
}

• server_name後面支持寫多個域名，這裏要和httpd的作一個對比,httpd只能寫一個

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
 curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test1.com -I

permanent爲永久重定向，狀態碼爲301，若是寫redirect則爲302