12.6 Nginx安裝javascript
12.7 默認虛擬主機php
12.8 Nginx用戶認證css
12.9 Nginx域名重定向html
擴展java
nginx.conf 配置詳解 http://www.ha97.com/5194.html http://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880node
nginx rewrite四種flag http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.html http://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943linux
12.6 Nginx安裝:nginx
~1. cd /usr/local/srcgit
~2.wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gzapache
~3.tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
~4.cd /usr/local/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
~5../configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx (此處看需求須要哪一種模塊就要加上。後期會用到https,再來從新編譯)
~6.make && make install
~7. vim /etc/init.d/nginx 建立啓動腳本 複製實例中內容
(參考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/etc_init.d_nginx )
~8.chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
~9.chkconfig --add nginx
~10.chkconfig nginx on
~11.cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/; mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak 配置文件
~12.vim nginx.conf 複製實例中內容
(參考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/nginx.conf)
~13./usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
~14./etc/init.d/nginx start
~15. netstat -lntp |grep 80
測試php解析:
vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php 加入以下內容
<?php
echo "test php scripts.";
?>
curl localhost/1.php
實例:
[root@axinlinux-01 ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@axinlinux-01 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@axinlinux-01 src]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@axinlinux-01 src]# cd nginx-1.8.0/
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# echo $?
0
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# make
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# echo $?
0
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# make install
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# echo $?
0
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/ 看下他的目錄,很小,沒有多少文件
conf html logs sbin
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/conf conf下就是配置文件
fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params.default mime.types nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params
fastcgi.conf.default koi-utf mime.types.default scgi_params uwsgi_params.default
fastcgi_params koi-win nginx.conf scgi_params.default win-utf
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/html html下就是樣例(index.html)
50x.html index.html
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs logs下就是存放日誌的
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/sbin sbin下就是他的核心文件
nginx
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -t也是支持的。查看是否有錯
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
下面給他建立配置文件,作啓動腳本
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx 啓動腳本中複製一下內容
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# chkconfig nginx on
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# ls 其實裏面有一個.conf的配置文件,可是咱們不用這個。從新設置一個
fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params.default mime.types nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params
fastcgi.conf.default koi-utf mime.types.default scgi_params uwsgi_params.default
fastcgi_params koi-win nginx.conf scgi_params.default win-utf
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.1 把自帶的改個名字
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# vim nginx.conf 在建立一個咱們須要的,直接vim就能夠了。
複製一下的:
user nobody nobody; 用來定義nginx的啓動是哪一個用戶。其實就是這個進程的用戶,好比去一個目錄下讀一個圖片,那麼是有哪一個用戶的身份去讀的呢?就在這定義
worker_processes 2; 定義子進程有幾個
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; 定義nginx最多能夠打開多少個文件
events
{
use epoll; 使用epoll模式
worker_connections 6000; 進程最多有多少個鏈接
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server 每一個server對應的一個虛擬主機。也就是默認的虛擬主機。跟Apache的VirtualHost相似後面也能夠再繼續加
{
listen 80; 監聽80端口
server_name localhost; 域名
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html; 網站的根目錄
location ~ \.php$ 用來解析php的部分
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 咱們用的是sock,因此這樣寫
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000 若是監聽的是指定的。能夠這樣寫你須要指定的IP就能夠了
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 編輯好配置文件,檢查有沒有錯
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ 肯定 ]
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# ps aux |grep nginx
root(父進程通常是root) 4936 0.0 0.0 24880 788 ? Ss 00:11 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 4937 0.0 0.1 27324 3364 ? S 00:11 0:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 4938 0.0 0.1 27324 3364 ? S 00:11 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 4940 0.0 0.0 112720 980 pts/0 S+ 00:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php 建一個php測試一下
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# curl localhost/1.php 咱們在配置文件了設置了localhost的目錄就是/usr/local/nginx/html,因此這裏直接寫localhost/1.php就能夠了
wozhenniubi[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# 這就說明解析成功了
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
12.7 默認虛擬主機:
上一節咱們定義了默認虛擬主機配置文件,其實就是第一個。固然,如下是專門來定義默認虛擬主機的配置段:
~1.vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //增長:(之間配置了service的,要先把service那些刪掉,在增長)
include vhost/*.conf
~2.mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
~3.cd !$; vim aaa.com.conf //加入以下內容
server
{
listen 80 default_server; // 有default_service這個標記的就是默認虛擬主機
server_name aaa.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/default;
}
~4.mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default/
~5. echo 「This is a default site.」>/data/wwwroot/default/index.html
~6./usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
~7./usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
~8.curl localhost
~9.curl -x127.0.0.1:80 123.com
實例:
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
http http包含的service,在最下面定義一下include
{
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
include vhost/*.conf;
}
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf 定義的clude就是在這個目錄下的
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# mkdir vhost 建立上面定義include的目錄。就是在conf目錄下的
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# vim aaa.com.conf 建立一個好比叫aaa.com.conf的文件。注意後綴名,咱們定義了vhost下的全部.conf的文件,因此要加上.conf。複製上下面的:
erver
{
listen 80 default_server; 有這個的就是默認的虛擬主機
server_name aaa.com; 名字叫aaa.com
index index.html index.htm index.php; 指定索引頁
root /data/wwwroot/default; 指定網站根目錄
}
以上指定了網站的根目錄,還要建立/data/wwwroot/default的這個目錄
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/default 建立default這個目錄
[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# cd /data/wwwroot/default cd到這個目錄
[root@axinlinux-01 default]# vim index.html vim一個index.html的文件
[root@axinlinux-01 default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 檢測一下
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@axinlinux-01 default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 從新加載
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl localhost
「This is a default site.」
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x192.168.159.128:80 bbb.com
「This is a default site.」 無論訪問的是什麼,都是顯示的這個。這個就叫默認虛擬主機
阿鑫在作的時候curl報錯拒絕連接,發現沒有在vhost的目錄下vim aaa.com.conf。需注意
咱們在vhost裏建立了aaa.com.conf裏面設定了default_service這個默認虛擬主機的標記。其實在vhost這個目錄下能夠建立不少.conf的文件(也就是虛擬主機),他也能夠按順序排列,放在第一位的就是默認虛擬主機。固然也能夠經過名字,好比,aaa bbb ccc,那麼aaa就是默認虛擬主機,固然這個也不是一個好的方法
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
12.8 Nginx用戶認證:
須要定義一個用戶密碼認證的文件:
~1.vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf//寫入以下內容
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location /
{
auth_basic "Auth"; 定義用戶認證的名字
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd; 用戶名密碼文件
}
}
~2.yum install -y httpd 安裝httpd,爲的是生成密碼文件。要使用htpasswd這個命令
~3.htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd axin
~4.-t && -s reload //測試配置並從新加載
~5.mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
~6.echo 「test.com」>/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html
~7.curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I//狀態碼爲401說明須要驗證
~8.curl -uaming:passwd 訪問狀態碼變爲200
~9. 編輯windows的hosts文件,而後在瀏覽器中訪問test.com會有輸入用戶、密碼的彈窗
~~1.針對目錄的用戶認證(這個網站下的某一個目錄,例如admin目錄)。
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 的location /後面加上admin目錄就能夠了
location /admin/
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
~~2. 訪問admin下的php文件(單獨一個文件)的時候作用戶驗證
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 的location後面加上 ~admin.php
location ~ admin.php
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
實例:
[root@axinlinux-01 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# ls
aaa.com.conf
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim test.com.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location /
{
auth_basic "Auth"; 定義用戶認證的名字
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd; 用戶名密碼文件
}
}
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# yum install -y httpd
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd axin -c表明生成密碼文件和用戶
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user axin
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# htpasswd /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd user1 不加-c是生成另一個。加了-c會覆蓋以前的用戶
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user user1
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd 這就是咱們生成的兩個用戶
axin:$apr1$KG/Gf903$WQLRs7U4/1mCYIzvvEPsa1
user1:$apr1$8nuYvGQK$RrHaF6hRajQRyBnSrq6Al.
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 測試
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 從新加載(若是配置裏有錯的話,是不會生效的。不會破壞原來nginx的服務。若是直接restart的話,萬一配置文件裏有錯誤,一重啓會致使服務停掉)最好是使用reload
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com 測試爲401(用戶認證,沒有權限)
<html>
<head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.8.0</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -uaxin:wangxin789 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com 404(由於咱們尚未建立他的根目錄)
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.8.0</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# ls /data/wwwroot/ 看一下沒有建立test.com
111.com 123.php abc.com default
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com 建立test.com的目錄
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# echo "wozhenniubi" > /data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html 給他建立一個index.html的文件,並輸入點字符
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -uaxin:wangxin789 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com 測試成功
wozhenniubi
已上是針對整個網站作用戶認證,下面是針對一個目錄下作用戶認證:
~~1.
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 打開.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location /admin/ 加入admin/
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com/admin/
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# echo "wozhenniubi" > /data/wwwroot/test.com/admin/index.html
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/index.html -I
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:06:49 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 194
Connection: keep-alive
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -uaxin:wangxin789 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/index.html -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:07:14 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 12
Last-Modified: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:05:11 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5b727f27-c"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
~~2.
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location ~ admin.php 指定單獨的.php文件
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim /data/wwwroot/test.com/admin.php 建立這個admin.php
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin.php -I 測試顯示401
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:18:18 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 194
Connection: keep-alive
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Auth"
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -uaxin:wangxin789 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin.php -I 指定用戶200
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:18:32 GMT
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Length: 26
Last-Modified: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:17:21 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5b728201-1a"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
12.9 Nginx域名重定向:
~1.更改test.com.conf(vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf)
~2.server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
if ($host != 'test.com' ) { 跟apache的域名跳轉是同樣的
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
}
~3.server_name後面支持寫多個域名,這裏要和httpd的作一個對比
~4.permanent爲永久重定向,狀態碼爲301。若是寫redirect則爲302。暫時重定向
實例:
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test1.com test2.com
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
}
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test1.com -I 301,跳轉到test.com
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:42:31 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 184
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://test.com/