47.Nginx安裝 默認虛擬主機 用戶認證 域名重定向

12.6 Nginx安裝javascript

12.7 默認虛擬主機php

12.8 Nginx用戶認證css

12.9 Nginx域名重定向html

擴展java

nginx.conf 配置詳解 http://www.ha97.com/5194.html http://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880node

nginx rewrite四種flag http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.html http://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943linux

 

 

 

 

 

12.6 Nginx安裝:nginx

 

~1. cd /usr/local/srcgit

~2.wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gzapache

~3.tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

~4.cd /usr/local/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

~5../configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx (此處看需求須要哪一種模塊就要加上。後期會用到https,再來從新編譯)

~6.make && make install

~7. vim /etc/init.d/nginx 建立啓動腳本 複製實例中內容

(參考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/etc_init.d_nginx )

~8.chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

~9.chkconfig --add nginx

~10.chkconfig nginx on

~11.cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/; mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak 配置文件

~12.vim nginx.conf 複製實例中內容

(參考https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/nginx.conf)

~13./usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

~14./etc/init.d/nginx start

~15. netstat -lntp |grep 80

 

測試php解析:

vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php 加入以下內容

<?php

echo "test php scripts.";

?>

curl localhost/1.php

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

實例:

[root@axinlinux-01 ~]# cd /usr/local/src

[root@axinlinux-01 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

[root@axinlinux-01 src]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

[root@axinlinux-01 src]# cd nginx-1.8.0/

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# echo $?

0

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# make

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# echo $?

0

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# make install

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# echo $?

0

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/ 看下他的目錄,很小,沒有多少文件

conf html logs sbin

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/conf conf下就是配置文件

fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params.default mime.types nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params

fastcgi.conf.default koi-utf mime.types.default scgi_params uwsgi_params.default

fastcgi_params koi-win nginx.conf scgi_params.default win-utf

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/html html下就是樣例(index.html)

50x.html index.html

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs logs下就是存放日誌的

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# ls /usr/local/nginx/sbin sbin下就是他的核心文件

nginx

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -t也是支持的。查看是否有錯

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

下面給他建立配置文件,作啓動腳本

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx 啓動腳本中複製一下內容

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig: - 30 21

# description: http service.

# Source Function Library

. /etc/init.d/functions

# Nginx Settings

 

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

RETVAL=0

prog="Nginx"

 

start()

{

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp

daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF

RETVAL=$?

echo

return $RETVAL

}

 

stop()

{

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM

rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp

RETVAL=$?

echo

return $RETVAL

}

 

reload()

{

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

return $RETVAL

}

 

restart()

{

stop

start

}

 

configtest()

{

$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t

return 0

}

 

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

reload)

reload

;;

restart)

restart

;;

configtest)

configtest

;;

*)

echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"

RETVAL=1

esac

 

exit $RETVAL

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# chkconfig --add nginx

[root@axinlinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# chkconfig nginx on

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# ls 其實裏面有一個.conf的配置文件,可是咱們不用這個。從新設置一個

fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params.default mime.types nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params

fastcgi.conf.default koi-utf mime.types.default scgi_params uwsgi_params.default

fastcgi_params koi-win nginx.conf scgi_params.default win-utf

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.1 把自帶的改個名字

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# vim nginx.conf 在建立一個咱們須要的,直接vim就能夠了。

複製一下的:

user nobody nobody; 用來定義nginx的啓動是哪一個用戶。其實就是這個進程的用戶,好比去一個目錄下讀一個圖片,那麼是有哪一個用戶的身份去讀的呢?就在這定義

worker_processes 2; 定義子進程有幾個

error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; 定義nginx最多能夠打開多少個文件

 

events

{

use epoll; 使用epoll模式

worker_connections 6000; 進程最多有多少個鏈接

}

 

http

{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;

server_names_hash_max_size 4096;

log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'

' $host "$request_uri" $status'

' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 30;

client_header_timeout 3m;

client_body_timeout 3m;

send_timeout 3m;

connection_pool_size 256;

client_header_buffer_size 1k;

large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;

request_pool_size 4k;

output_buffers 4 32k;

postpone_output 1460;

client_max_body_size 10m;

client_body_buffer_size 256k;

client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;

proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;

fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;

fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

tcp_nodelay on;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 8k;

gzip_comp_level 5;

gzip_http_version 1.1;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm

application/xml;

 

server 每一個server對應的一個虛擬主機。也就是默認的虛擬主機。跟Apache的VirtualHost相似後面也能夠再繼續加

{

listen 80; 監聽80端口

server_name localhost; 域名

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /usr/local/nginx/html; 網站的根目錄

 

location ~ \.php$ 用來解析php的部分

{

include fastcgi_params;

fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 咱們用的是sock,因此這樣寫

#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000 若是監聽的是指定的。能夠這樣寫你須要指定的IP就能夠了

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;

}

}

}

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 編輯好配置文件,檢查有沒有錯

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx start

Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ 肯定 ]

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# ps aux |grep nginx

root(父進程通常是root) 4936 0.0 0.0 24880 788 ? Ss 00:11 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nobody 4937 0.0 0.1 27324 3364 ? S 00:11 0:00 nginx: worker process

nobody 4938 0.0 0.1 27324 3364 ? S 00:11 0:00 nginx: worker process

root 4940 0.0 0.0 112720 980 pts/0 S+ 00:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php 建一個php測試一下

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# curl localhost/1.php 咱們在配置文件了設置了localhost的目錄就是/usr/local/nginx/html,因此這裏直接寫localhost/1.php就能夠了

wozhenniubi[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# 這就說明解析成功了

 

 

 

 

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

 

 

12.7 默認虛擬主機:

 

 

上一節咱們定義了默認虛擬主機配置文件,其實就是第一個。固然,如下是專門來定義默認虛擬主機的配置段:

~1.vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //增長:(之間配置了service的,要先把service那些刪掉,在增長)

include vhost/*.conf

~2.mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost

~3.cd !$; vim aaa.com.conf //加入以下內容

server

{

listen 80 default_server; // 有default_service這個標記的就是默認虛擬主機

server_name aaa.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/default;

}

~4.mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default/

~5. echo 「This is a default site.」>/data/wwwroot/default/index.html

~6./usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

~7./usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

~8.curl localhost

~9.curl -x127.0.0.1:80 123.com

 

 

 

實例:

 

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 

http http包含的service,在最下面定義一下include

{

gzip_http_version 1.1;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm

application/xml;

include vhost/*.conf;

}

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# pwd

/usr/local/nginx/conf 定義的clude就是在這個目錄下的

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# mkdir vhost 建立上面定義include的目錄。就是在conf目錄下的

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# vim aaa.com.conf 建立一個好比叫aaa.com.conf的文件。注意後綴名,咱們定義了vhost下的全部.conf的文件,因此要加上.conf。複製上下面的:

erver

{

listen 80 default_server; 有這個的就是默認的虛擬主機

server_name aaa.com; 名字叫aaa.com

index index.html index.htm index.php; 指定索引頁

root /data/wwwroot/default; 指定網站根目錄

}

以上指定了網站的根目錄,還要建立/data/wwwroot/default的這個目錄

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/default 建立default這個目錄

[root@axinlinux-01 conf]# cd /data/wwwroot/default cd到這個目錄

[root@axinlinux-01 default]# vim index.html vim一個index.html的文件

[root@axinlinux-01 default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 檢測一下

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@axinlinux-01 default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 從新加載

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl localhost

「This is a default site.」

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x192.168.159.128:80 bbb.com

「This is a default site.」 無論訪問的是什麼,都是顯示的這個。這個就叫默認虛擬主機

阿鑫在作的時候curl報錯拒絕連接,發現沒有在vhost的目錄下vim aaa.com.conf。需注意

 

咱們在vhost裏建立了aaa.com.conf裏面設定了default_service這個默認虛擬主機的標記。其實在vhost這個目錄下能夠建立不少.conf的文件(也就是虛擬主機),他也能夠按順序排列,放在第一位的就是默認虛擬主機。固然也能夠經過名字,好比,aaa bbb ccc,那麼aaa就是默認虛擬主機,固然這個也不是一個好的方法

 

 

 

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

 

 

 

12.8 Nginx用戶認證:

 

 

須要定義一個用戶密碼認證的文件:

~1.vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf//寫入以下內容

server

{

listen 80;

server_name test.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

location /

{

auth_basic "Auth"; 定義用戶認證的名字

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd; 用戶名密碼文件

}

}

~2.yum install -y httpd 安裝httpd,爲的是生成密碼文件。要使用htpasswd這個命令

~3.htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd axin

~4.-t && -s reload //測試配置並從新加載

~5.mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com

~6.echo 「test.com」>/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html

~7.curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I//狀態碼爲401說明須要驗證

~8.curl -uaming:passwd 訪問狀態碼變爲200

~9. 編輯windows的hosts文件,而後在瀏覽器中訪問test.com會有輸入用戶、密碼的彈窗

~~1.針對目錄的用戶認證(這個網站下的某一個目錄,例如admin目錄)。

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 的location /後面加上admin目錄就能夠了

location /admin/

{

auth_basic "Auth";

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

}

 

~~2. 訪問admin下的php文件(單獨一個文件)的時候作用戶驗證

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 的location後面加上 ~admin.php

location ~ admin.php

{

auth_basic "Auth";

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

}

 

 

實例:

[root@axinlinux-01 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# ls

aaa.com.conf

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim test.com.conf

server

{

listen 80;

server_name test.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

location /

{

auth_basic "Auth"; 定義用戶認證的名字

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd; 用戶名密碼文件

}

}

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# yum install -y httpd

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd axin -c表明生成密碼文件和用戶

New password:

Re-type new password:

Adding password for user axin

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# htpasswd /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd user1 不加-c是生成另一個。加了-c會覆蓋以前的用戶

New password:

Re-type new password:

Adding password for user user1

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd 這就是咱們生成的兩個用戶

axin:$apr1$KG/Gf903$WQLRs7U4/1mCYIzvvEPsa1

user1:$apr1$8nuYvGQK$RrHaF6hRajQRyBnSrq6Al.

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 測試

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 從新加載(若是配置裏有錯的話,是不會生效的。不會破壞原來nginx的服務。若是直接restart的話,萬一配置文件裏有錯誤,一重啓會致使服務停掉)最好是使用reload

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com 測試爲401(用戶認證,沒有權限)

<html>

<head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head>

<body bgcolor="white">

<center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center>

<hr><center>nginx/1.8.0</center>

</body>

</html>

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -uaxin:wangxin789 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com 404(由於咱們尚未建立他的根目錄)

<html>

<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>

<body bgcolor="white">

<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>

<hr><center>nginx/1.8.0</center>

</body>

</html>

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# ls /data/wwwroot/ 看一下沒有建立test.com

111.com 123.php abc.com default

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com 建立test.com的目錄

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# echo "wozhenniubi" > /data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html 給他建立一個index.html的文件,並輸入點字符

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -uaxin:wangxin789 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com 測試成功

wozhenniubi

已上是針對整個網站作用戶認證,下面是針對一個目錄下作用戶認證:

~~1.

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 打開.conf

server

{

listen 80;

server_name test.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

location /admin/ 加入admin/

{

auth_basic "Auth";

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

}

}

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com/admin/

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# echo "wozhenniubi" > /data/wwwroot/test.com/admin/index.html

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/index.html -I

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized

Server: nginx/1.8.0

Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:06:49 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 194

Connection: keep-alive

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -uaxin:wangxin789 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/index.html -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.8.0

Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:07:14 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 12

Last-Modified: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:05:11 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

ETag: "5b727f27-c"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

~~2.

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

server

{

listen 80;

server_name test.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

location ~ admin.php 指定單獨的.php文件

{

auth_basic "Auth";

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

}

}

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim /data/wwwroot/test.com/admin.php 建立這個admin.php

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin.php -I 測試顯示401

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized

Server: nginx/1.8.0

Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:18:18 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 194

Connection: keep-alive

WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Auth"

 

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -uaxin:wangxin789 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin.php -I 指定用戶200

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.8.0

Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:18:32 GMT

Content-Type: application/octet-stream

Content-Length: 26

Last-Modified: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:17:21 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

ETag: "5b728201-1a"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

 

 

 

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 

 

 

12.9 Nginx域名重定向:

 

 

 

~1.更改test.com.conf(vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf)

~2.server

{

listen 80;

server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

if ($host != 'test.com' ) { 跟apache的域名跳轉是同樣的

rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;

}

}

~3.server_name後面支持寫多個域名,這裏要和httpd的作一個對比

~4.permanent爲永久重定向,狀態碼爲301。若是寫redirect則爲302。暫時重定向

 

 

實例:

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

server

{

listen 80;

server_name test.com test1.com test2.com

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

if ($host != 'test.com' ) {

rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;

}

}

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

[root@axinlinux-01 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test1.com -I 301,跳轉到test.com

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Server: nginx/1.8.0

Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 07:42:31 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 184

Connection: keep-alive

Location: http://test.com/

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