ELK是集分佈式數據存儲、可視化查詢和日誌解析於一體的日誌分析平臺。ELK=elasticsearch+Logstash+kibana,三者各司其職,相互配合,共同完成日誌的數據處理工做。ELK各組件的主要功能以下:html
咱們在搭建平臺時,還藉助了filebeat插件。Filebeat是本地文件的日誌數據採集器,可監控日誌目錄或特定日誌文件(tail file),並可將數據轉發給Elasticsearch或Logstatsh等。java
本案例的實踐,主要經過ELK收集、管理、檢索mysql實例的慢查詢日誌和錯誤日誌。node
簡單的數據流程圖以下:mysql
ES數據庫 | MySQL數據庫 |
Index | Database |
Tpye[在7.0以後type爲固定值_doc] | Table |
Document | Row |
Field | Column |
Mapping | Schema |
Everything is indexed | Index |
Query DSL[Descriptor structure language] | SQL |
GET http://... | Select * from table … |
PUT http://... | Update table set … |
報錯提示linux
[usernimei@testes01 bin]$ Exception in thread "main" org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.BootstrapException: java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException: /data/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.4.2/config/elasticsearch.keystore Likely root cause: java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException: /data/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.4.2/config/elasticsearch.keystore at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.translateToIOException(UnixException.java:90) at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:111) at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:116) at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixFileSystemProvider.newByteChannel(UnixFileSystemProvider.java:219) at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:374) at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:425) at org.apache.lucene.store.SimpleFSDirectory.openInput(SimpleFSDirectory.java:77) at org.elasticsearch.common.settings.KeyStoreWrapper.load(KeyStoreWrapper.java:219) at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.loadSecureSettings(Bootstrap.java:234) at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:305) at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:159) at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:150) at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:86) at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:125) at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90) at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:115) at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:92) Refer to the log for complete error details
問題分析sql
第一次誤用了root帳號啓動,此時路徑下的elasticsearch.keystore 權限屬於了root 數據庫
-rw-rw---- 1 root root 199 Mar 24 17:36 elasticsearch.keystore
解決方案--切換到root用戶修改文件elasticsearch.keystore權限apache
調整到es用戶下,即bootstrap
chown -R es用戶:es用戶組 elasticsearch.keystore
根據官方解釋,從Elasticsearch v7.0.0 開始,集羣中的每一個節點默認限制 1000 個shard,若是你的es集羣有3個數據節點,那麼最多 3000 shards。這裏咱們是隻有一臺es。因此只有1000。centos
[2019-05-11T11:05:24,650][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Marking url as dead. Last error: [LogStash::Outputs::ElasticSearch::HttpClient::Pool::HostUnreachableError] Elasticsearch Unreachable: [http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/][Manticore::SocketTimeout] Read timed out {:url=>http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/, :error_message=>"Elasticsearch Unreachable: [http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/][Manticore::SocketTimeout] Read timed out", :error_class=>"LogStash::Outputs::ElasticSearch::HttpClient::Pool::HostUnreachableError"} [2019-05-11T11:05:24,754][ERROR][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Attempted to send a bulk request to elasticsearch' but Elasticsearch appears to be unreachable or down! {:error_message=>"Elasticsearch Unreachable: [http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/][Manticore::SocketTimeout] Read timed out", :class=>"LogStash::Outputs::ElasticSearch::HttpClient::Pool::HostUnreachableError", :will_retry_in_seconds=>2} [2019-05-11T11:05:25,158][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Restored connection to ES instance {:url=>"http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/"} [2019-05-11T11:05:26,763][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Could not index event to Elasticsearch. {:status=>400, :action=>["index", {:_id=>nil, :_index=>"mysql-error-testqq-2019.05.11", :routing=>nil, :_type=>"_doc"}, #<LogStash::Event:0x65416fce>], :response=>{"index"=>{"_index"=>"mysql-error-qqweixin-2020.05.11", "_type"=>"_doc", "_id"=>nil, "status"=>400, "error"=>{"type"=>"validation_exception", "reason"=>"Validation Failed: 1: this action would add [2] total shards, but this cluster currently has [1000]/[1000] maximum shards open;"}}}}
能夠用Kibana來設置
主要命令:
PUT /_cluster/settings { "transient": { "cluster": { "max_shards_per_node":10000 } } }
操做截圖以下:
注意事項:
建議設置後重啓下lostash服務
2019-03-23T19:24:41.772+0800 INFO [monitoring] log/log.go:145 Non-zero metrics in the last 30s
{"monitoring": {"metrics": {"beat":{"cpu":{"system":{"ticks":30,"time":{"ms":2}},"total":{"ticks":80,"time":{"ms":4},"value":80},"user":{"ticks":50,"time":{"ms":2}}},"handles":{"limit":{"hard":1000000,"soft":1000000},"open":6},"info":{"ephemeral_id":"a4c61321-ad02-2c64-9624-49fe4356a4e9","uptime":{"ms":210031}},"memstats":{"gc_next":7265376,"memory_alloc":4652416,"memory_total":12084992},"runtime":{"goroutines":16}},"filebeat":{"harvester":{"open_files":0,"running":0}},"libbeat":{"config":{"module":{"running":0}},"pipeline":{"clients":0,"events":{"active":0}}},"registrar":{"states":{"current":0}},"system":{"load":{"1":0,"15":0.05,"5":0.01,"norm":{"1":0,"15":0.0125,"5":0.0025}}}}}}
修改 filebeat.yml 的配置參數
2019-03-27T20:13:22.985+0800 ERROR logstash/async.go:256 Failed to publish events caused by: write tcp [::1]:48338->[::1]:5044: write: connection reset by peer 2019-03-27T20:13:23.985+0800 INFO [monitoring] log/log.go:145 Non-zero metrics in the last 30s {"monitoring": {"metrics": {"beat":{"cpu":{"system":{"ticks":130,"time":{"ms":11}},"total":{"ticks":280,"time":{"ms":20},"value":280},"user":{"ticks":150,"time":{"ms":9}}},"handles":{"limit":{"hard":65536,"soft":65536},"open":7},"info":{"ephemeral_id":"a02ed909-a7a0-49ee-aff9-5fdab26ecf70","uptime":{"ms":150065}},"memstats":{"gc_next":10532480,"memory_alloc":7439504,"memory_total":19313416,"rss":806912},"runtime":{"goroutines":27}},"filebeat":{"events":{"active":1,"added":1},"harvester":{"open_files":1,"running":1}},"libbeat":{"config":{"module":{"running":0}},"output":{"events":{"batches":1,"failed":1,"total":1},"write":{"errors":1}},"pipeline":{"clients":1,"events":{"active":1,"published":1,"total":1}}},"registrar":{"states":{"current":1}},"system":{"load":{"1":0.05,"15":0.11,"5":0.06,"norm":{"1":0.0063,"15":0.0138,"5":0.0075}}}}}} 2019-03-27T20:13:24.575+0800 ERROR pipeline/output.go:121 Failed to publish events: write tcp [::1]:48338->[::1]:5044: write: connection reset by peer
緣由是同時有多個logstash進程在運行,關閉重啓
filebeat 服務所在路徑:
/etc/systemd/system
編輯filebeat.service文件
[Unit] Description=filebeat.service [Service] User=root ExecStart=/data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat -e -c /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat.yml [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
管理服務的相關命令
systemctl start filebeat #啓動filebeat服務
systemctl enable filebeat #設置開機自啓動
systemctl disable filebeat #中止開機自啓動
systemctl status filebeat #查看服務當前狀態
systemctl restart filebeat #從新啓動服務
systemctl list-units --type=service #查看全部已啓動的服務
注意錯誤
Exiting: error loading config file: yaml: line 29: did not find expected key
主要問題是:filebeat.yml 文件中的格式有破壞,應特別注意修改和新增的地方,對照先後文,驗證格式是否有變化。
此時咱們能夠以service來管理,在目錄init.d下建立一個filebeat.service文件。主要腳本以下:
#!/bin/bash agent="/data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat" args="-e -c /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat.yml" start() { pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk '{print $2}'` if [ ! "$pid" ];then echo "Starting filebeat: " nohup $agent $args >/dev/null 2>&1 & if [ $? == '0' ];then echo "start filebeat ok" else echo "start filebeat failed" fi else echo "filebeat is still running!" exit fi } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping filebeat: " pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk '{print $2}'` if [ ! "$pid" ];then echo "filebeat is not running" else kill $pid echo "stop filebeat ok" fi } restart() { stop start } status(){ pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk '{print $2}'` if [ ! "$pid" ];then echo "filebeat is not running" else echo "filebeat is running" fi } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) restart ;; status) status ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}" exit 1 esac
注意事項
1.文件授予執行權限
chmod 755 filebeat.service
2.設置開機自啓動
chkconfig --add filebeat.service
上面的服務添加自啓動時,會報錯
解決方案 在 service file的開頭添加如下 兩行
即修改完善後的代碼以下:
#!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 2345 10 80 # description: filebeat is a tool for colletct log data agent="/data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat" args="-e -c /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat.yml" start() { pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk '{print $2}'` if [ ! "$pid" ];then echo "Starting filebeat: " nohup $agent $args >/dev/null?2>&1 & if [ $? == '0' ];then echo "start filebeat ok" else echo "start filebeat failed" fi else echo "filebeat is still running!" exit fi } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping filebeat: " pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk '{print $2}'` if [ ! "$pid" ];then echo "filebeat is not running" else kill $pid echo "stop filebeat ok" fi } restart() { stop start } status(){ pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk '{print $2}'` if [ ! "$pid" ];then echo "filebeat is not running" else echo "filebeat is running" fi } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) restart ;; status) status ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}" exit 1 esac
logstash最多見的運行方式即命令行運行./bin/logstash -f logstash.conf啓動,結束命令是ctrl+c。這種方式的優勢在於運行方便,缺點是不便於管理,同時若是遇到服務器重啓,則維護成本會更高一些,若是在生產環境運行logstash推薦使用服務的方式。以服務的方式啓動logstash,同時藉助systemctl的特性實現開機自啓動。
(1)安裝目錄下的config中的startup.options須要修改
修改主要項:
1.服務默認啓動用戶和用戶組爲logstash;能夠修改成root;
2. LS_HOME 參數設置爲 logstash的安裝目錄;例如:/data/logstash/logstash-7.6.0
3. LS_SETTINGS_DIR參數配置爲含有logstash.yml的目錄;例如:/data/logstash/logstash-7.6.0/config
4. LS_OPTS 參數項,添加 logstash.conf 指定項(-f參數);例如:LS_OPTS="--path.settings ${LS_SETTINGS_DIR} -f /data/logstash/logstash-7.6.0/config/logstash.conf"
(2)以root身份執行logstash命令建立服務
建立服務的命令
安裝目錄/bin/system-install
執行建立命令後,在/etc/systemd/system/目錄中生成了logstash.service 文件
(3)logstash 服務的管理
設置服務自啓動:systemctl enable logstash
啓動服務:systemctl start logstash
中止服務:systemctl stop logstash
重啓服務:systemctl restart logstash
查看服務狀態:systemctl status logstash
報錯提示以下:
經過查看jave版本,驗證是否已安裝
上圖說明沒有安裝。則將安裝包下載(或上傳)至本地,執行安裝
執行安裝命令以下:
yum localinstall jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm
安裝OK,執行驗證
問題提示
查看Linux系統版本
緣由: centos 6.5 不支持 systemctl 管理服務
解決方案
方案驗證
相關命令
1.啓動命令 initctl start logstash 2.查看狀態 initctl status logstash
注意事項:
注意如下生成服務的命令仍是要執行的
./system-install
不然提示錯誤
initctl: Unknown job: logstash
"Invalid index name [mysql-error-Test-2019.05.13], must be lowercase", "index_uuid"=>"_na_", "index"=>"mysql-error-Test-2019.05.13"}}}} May 13 13:36:33 hzvm1996 logstash[123194]: [2019-05-13T13:36:33,907][ERROR][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Could not index event to Elasticsearch. {:status=>400, :action=>["index", {:_id=>nil, :_index=>"mysql-slow-Test-2020.05.13", :routing=>nil, :_type=>"_doc"}, #<LogStash::Event:0x1f0aedbc>], :response=>{"index"=>{"_index"=>"mysql-slow-Test-2019.05.13", "_type"=>"_doc", "_id"=>nil, "status"=>400, "error"=>{"type"=>"invalid_index_name_exception", "reason"=>"Invalid index name [mysql-slow-Test-2019.05.13], must be lowercase", "index_uuid"=>"_na_", "index"=>"mysql-slow-Test-2019.05.13"}}}} May 13 13:38:50 hzvm1996 logstash[123194]: [2019-05-13T13:38:50,765][ERROR][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Could not index event to Elasticsearch. {:status=>400, :action=>["index", {:_id=>nil, :_index=>"mysql-error-Test-2020.05.13", :routing=>nil, :_type=>"_doc"}, #<LogStash::Event:0x4bdce1db>], :response=>{"index"=>{"_index"=>"mysql-error-Test-2019.05.13", "_type"=>"_doc", "_id"=>nil, "status"=>400, "error"=>{"type"=>"invalid_index_name_exception", "reason"=>"Invalid index name [mysql-error-Test-2019.05.13], must be lowercase", "index_uuid"=>"_na_", "index"=>"mysql-error-Test-2019.05.13"}}}}
[root@testkibaba bin]# ./kibana-plugin install x-pack Plugin installation was unsuccessful due to error "Kibana now contains X-Pack by default, there is no longer any need to install it as it is already present.
說明:新版本的Elasticsearch和Kibana都已經支持自帶支持x-pack了,不須要進行顯式安裝。老版本的須要進行安裝。
[root@testkibana bin]# ./kibana
報錯
Kibana should not be run as root. Use --allow-root to continue.
添加個專門的帳號
useradd qqweixinkibaba --添加帳號 chown -R qqweixinkibaba:hzdbakibaba kibana-7.4.2-linux-x86_64 --爲新增帳號賦予文檔目錄的權限 su qqweixinkibaba ---切換帳號,讓後再啓動
{"statusCode":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Forbidden"}
報錯緣由是:用kibana帳號登陸kibana報錯,改成elastic用戶就好了
一個公司會有多個業務線,也可能會有多個研發小組,那麼如何實現收集到的數據只對相應的團隊開放呢?即實現只能看到自家的數據。一種思路就是搭建多個ELK,一個業務線一個ELK,但這個方法會致使資源浪費和增長運維工做量;另外一種思路就是經過多租戶來實現。
實現時,應注意如下問題:
要在 elastic 帳號下,轉到指定的空間(space)下,再設置 index pattern 。
先建立role(注意與space關聯),最後建立user。
1.https://www.jianshu.com/p/0a5acf831409 《ELK應用之Filebeat》
2.http://www.voidcn.com/article/p-nlietamt-zh.html 《filebeat 啓動腳本》
3.https://www.bilibili.com/video/av68523257/?redirectFrom=h5 《ElasticTalk #22 Kibana 多租戶介紹與實戰》
4.http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-ehivawqt-hv.html 《ES集羣》
5.https://www.jianshu.com/p/54cdddf89989 《Logstash配置以服務方式運行》
6.https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/running-logstash.html#running-logstash-upstart 《Running Logstash as a Service on Debian or RPM》