python3編寫網絡爬蟲22-爬取知乎用戶信息

思路

選定起始人 選一個關注數或者粉絲數多的大V做爲爬蟲起始點

獲取粉絲和關注列表 經過知乎接口得到該大V的粉絲列表和關注列表

獲取列表用戶信息 獲取列表每一個用戶的詳細信息

獲取每一個用戶的粉絲和關注 進一步對列表中的每一個用戶 獲取他們的粉絲和關注列表實現遞歸爬取

起始點 https://www.zhihu.com/people/excited-vczh/answers

抓取信息

我的信息

關注列表 ajax請求

 

 

代碼實現

./items.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

from scrapy import Item, Field class UserItem(Item): 　　# define the fields for your item here like:
　　id = Field() 　　name = Field() 　　avatar_url = Field() 　　headline = Field() 　　description = Field() 　　url = Field() 　　url_token = Field() 　　gender = Field() 　　cover_url = Field() 　　type = Field() 　　badge = Field() 　　answer_count = Field() 　　articles_count = Field() 　　commercial_question_count = Field() 　　favorite_count = Field() 　　favorited_count = Field() 　　follower_count = Field() 　　following_columns_count = Field() 　　following_count = Field() 　　pins_count = Field() 　　question_count = Field() 　　thank_from_count = Field() 　　thank_to_count = Field() 　　thanked_count = Field() 　　vote_from_count = Field() 　　vote_to_count = Field() 　　voteup_count = Field() 　　following_favlists_count = Field() 　　following_question_count = Field() 　　following_topic_count = Field() 　　marked_answers_count = Field() 　　mutual_followees_count = Field() 　　hosted_live_count = Field() 　　participated_live_count = Field() 　　locations = Field() 　　educations = Field() 　　employments = Field()

 

./middlewares.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your spider middleware # # See documentation in: # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

from scrapy import signals class ZhihuSpiderMiddleware(object): # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.
 @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls() crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened) return s def process_spider_input(response, spider): # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None def process_spider_output(response, result, spider): # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result: yield i def process_spider_exception(response, exception, spider): # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(start_requests, spider): # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests: yield r def spider_opened(self, spider): spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

 

./pipelines.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here # # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting # See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import pymongo class ZhihuPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): return item class MongoPipeline(object): collection_name = 'users'

    def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db): self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri self.mongo_db = mongo_db @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): return cls( mongo_uri=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_URI'), mongo_db=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DATABASE') ) def open_spider(self, spider): self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_uri) self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db] def close_spider(self, spider): self.client.close() def process_item(self, item, spider): self.db[self.collection_name].update({'url_token': item['url_token']}, dict(item), True) return item

 

./settings.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for zhihuuser project # # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation: # # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html # http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
 BOT_NAME = 'zhihuuser' SPIDER_MODULES = ['zhihuuser.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'zhihuuser.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent # USER_AGENT = 'zhihu (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) # CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs # DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: # CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16 # CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default) # COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default) # TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36', 'authorization': 'oauth c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20', } # Enable or disable spider middlewares # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html # SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'zhihuuser.middlewares.ZhihuSpiderMiddleware': 543, # }

# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'scrapy_splash.SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware': 100, # }

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'zhihuuser.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543, # }

# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723, # 'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725, # 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810, # }

# Enable or disable extensions # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html # EXTENSIONS = { # 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None, # }

# Configure item pipelines # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'zhihuuser.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300, # 'scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline': 301
} # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default) # See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html # AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True # The initial download delay # AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies # AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to # each remote server # AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received: # AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default) # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings # HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True # HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0 # HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache' # HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = [] # HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

# DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter' # HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage'

# SPLASH_URL = 'http://192.168.99.100:8050'
 MONGO_URI = 'localhost' MONGO_DATABASE = 'zhihu'

# SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"

# DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"

# SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START = True

 

./spiders文件夾下 zhihu.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json from scrapy import Spider, Request from zhihuuser.items import UserItem class ZhihuSpider(Spider): name = "zhihu" allowed_domains = ["www.zhihu.com"] user_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}?include={include}' follows_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followees?include={include}&offset={offset}&limit={limit}' followers_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followers?include={include}&offset={offset}&limit={limit}' start_user = 'excited-vczh' user_query = 'locations,employments,gender,educations,business,voteup_count,thanked_Count,follower_count,following_count,cover_url,following_topic_count,following_question_count,following_favlists_count,following_columns_count,answer_count,articles_count,pins_count,question_count,commercial_question_count,favorite_count,favorited_count,logs_count,marked_answers_count,marked_answers_text,message_thread_token,account_status,is_active,is_force_renamed,is_bind_sina,sina_weibo_url,sina_weibo_name,show_sina_weibo,is_blocking,is_blocked,is_following,is_followed,mutual_followees_count,vote_to_count,vote_from_count,thank_to_count,thank_from_count,thanked_count,description,hosted_live_count,participated_live_count,allow_message,industry_category,org_name,org_homepage,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics' follows_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics' followers_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'

    def start_requests(self): yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.user_query), self.parse_user) yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.follows_query, limit=20, offset=0), self.parse_follows) yield Request(self.followers_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.followers_query, limit=20, offset=0), self.parse_followers) def parse_user(self, response): result = json.loads(response.text) item = UserItem() for field in item.fields: if field in result.keys(): item[field] = result.get(field) yield item yield Request( self.follows_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.follows_query, limit=20, offset=0), self.parse_follows) yield Request( self.followers_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.followers_query, limit=20, offset=0), self.parse_followers) def parse_follows(self, response): results = json.loads(response.text) if 'data' in results.keys(): for result in results.get('data'): yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query), self.parse_user) if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False: next_page = results.get('paging').get('next') yield Request(next_page, self.parse_follows) def parse_followers(self, response): results = json.loads(response.text) if 'data' in results.keys(): for result in results.get('data'): yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query), self.parse_user) if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False: next_page = results.get('paging').get('next') yield Request(next_page, self.parse_followers)

 

最後運行zhihu.py爬蟲腳本 再查看MongoDB數據庫中的數據 知乎用戶信息數據採集就完成了。

那些步驟不理解的 歡迎下方留言