Scrapy 爬取知乎用戶信息

程序邏輯圖以下：

登陸模塊（獲取cookie）：

# encoding=utf-8
import requests
import re
import sys
#設置請求頭
headers={
    'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',
    'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',
    'Connection':'keep-alive',
    'Host':'www.zhihu.com',
    'Origin':'https://www.zhihu.com',
    'Referer':'https://www.zhihu.com/',
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36',
    'x-hd-token':'hello',
}


#下面寫入帳號密碼

post_data={
    '_xsrf':'***',
    'password':'****',
    'captcha':'***',
    'phone_num':'*****',
}

req=requests.Session()

def login():
    page=req.get(url="https://www.zhihu.com/#signin",headers=headers)
    parser=re.compile(u'<input type="hidden" name="_xsrf" value="(.*?)"/>',re.S)
    xsrf=re.findall(parser,page.text)[0]
    headers['X-Xsrftoken']=xsrf
    post_data['_xsrf']=xsrf
    #下載驗證碼
    with open("../code.jpg",'wb') as w:
        p=req.get(url="https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?r=1495546872530&type=login",headers=headers)
        w.write(p.content)

    code=input("請輸入驗證碼:")
    if not code:
        sys.exit(1)
    post_data['captcha']=code
    res=req.post(url='https://www.zhihu.com/login/phone_num',data=post_data,headers=headers)
    print(res.text)
    return req

cookie=login().cookies.get_dict()

spiders以下：這裏用re（正則表達式和xpath解析網頁，不懂的同窗能夠花時間去學習一下）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from zhihu.items import *
import re
class ZhSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'zh'
    allowed_domains = ['zhihu.com']
    start_urls = ['http://zhihu.com/']
    url='http://www.zhihu.com/'
    start_urls=['ruan-fu-zhong-tong-zhi','mu-huan-98',
    'zeus871219','a-li-ai-di-10','dyxxg','hao-er-8',
    'liu-miao-miao-47-17','peng-chen-xi-39','song-ling-shi-liao-63-56']
    task_set=set(start_urls)
    tasked_set=set()


    def start_requests(self):
        while len(self.task_set)>0:
            print("**********start用戶庫**********")
            print(str(self.task_set))
            print("********************")
            id=self.task_set.pop()
            if id in self.tasked_set:
                print("已經存在的數據 %s" %(id))
                continue
            self.tasked_set.add(id)

            userinfo_url='https://www.zhihu.com/people/{}/answers'.format(id)
            user_item=UserItem()
            user_item['Id']=id
            user_item['Url']=userinfo_url
            yield scrapy.Request(
                userinfo_url,
                meta={"item":user_item},callback=self.User_parse,dont_filter=True
            )
            yield scrapy.Request(
                'https://www.zhihu.com/people/{}/followers'.format(id),
                callback=self.Add_user,dont_filter=True
            )
    
    def Add_user(self,response):
        sel=scrapy.selector.Selector(response)
       #<a class="UserLink-link" target="_blank" href="/people/12321-89">12321</a>
        #//*[@id="Profile-following"]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/h2/div/span/div/div/a/@href
        #//*[@id="Popover-24089-95956-toggle"]
        #//*[@id="Popover-24089-95956-toggle"]/a
        #print(response.text)
        co=sel.xpath('//*[@id="root"]/div/main/div/div/div[2]').extract_first()
        patten=re.compile(u'<a class="UserLink-link" target="_blank" href="/people/(.*?)">.*?</a>',re.S)
        l=re.findall(patten,co)
        #l=sel.xpath('//*[@id="Profile-following"]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/h2/div/span/div/div/a/@href')
        for i in l:
            if str(i) not in self.tasked_set and str(i) not in self.task_set:
                self.task_set.add(i)
                print("**********用戶庫**********")
                print(str(self.task_set))
                print("********************")

    def User_parse(self, response):
        item=response.meta["item"]
        sel=scrapy.selector.Selector(response)
        nick_name=sel.xpath('//*[@id="ProfileHeader"]/div/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[1]/h1/span[1]/text()').extract_first()
        print(nick_name)
        #item['Nick_name']=nick_name
        summary=sel.xpath('//*[@id="ProfileHeader"]/div/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[1]/h1/span[2]/text()').extract_first()
        print(summary)
        item['Summary']=summary
        item['Nick_name']=nick_name
        # print(sel.xpath( '//span[@class="location item"]/@title').extract_first())
        co=sel.xpath('//*[@id="ProfileHeader"]/div/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[2]').extract_first()
        # print("**********************")
        # print(co)
        # print('**********************')
        patten=re.compile(u'.*?</div>(.*?)<div.*?>',re.S)
        l=re.findall(patten,co)
        #print(str(l))
        print("**********************")
        print(str(l))
        item['Content']=str(l)
        print('**********************')
        yield item

pipelines模塊：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

import pymysql
class ZhihuPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item


class MysqlPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.conn=pymysql.connect(
            host='localhost',   #本地127.0.0.1
            port=3306,          #默認3306端口
            user='root',        #mysql最高權限用戶
            passwd='****',  #root用戶密碼
            db='zh',       #database name
            charset='utf8'
            )
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        self._conditional_insert(self.conn.cursor(),item)#調用插入的方法
       # query.addErrback(self._handle_error,item,spider)#調用異常處理方法
        return item

    def _conditional_insert(self,tx,item):

        sql="insert into user(id,url,nick_name,summary,content) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
        params=(item["Id"],item["Url"],item['Nick_name'],item['Summary'],item['Content'])
        tx.execute(sql,params)
        print('已經插入一條數據!')
        tx.close()
        self.conn.commit()
      #  self.conn.close()
        
    #錯誤處理方法
    def _handle_error(self, failue, item, spider):
        print(failue)

items模塊：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy
from scrapy import Field

class ZhihuItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    pass

class UserItem(scrapy.Item):
    """
    知乎用戶的用戶名，居住地，所在行業，職業經歷，教育經歷，我的簡介
    """
    Id=Field()
    Url=Field()
    Nick_name=Field()
    Summary=Field()
    # Home_Position=Field()
    # Compmany=Field()
    # Edu=Field()
    Content=Field()

middlewares模塊：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
from zhihu.getCookie import cookie
from scrapy import signals

class CookiesMiddleware(object):
    """ 換Cookie """
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        #cookie = random.choice(cookies)
        request.cookies = cookie

class ZhihuSpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

代碼是單機的，操做無誤的話，能夠一直運行下去，理論上能夠把全部用戶都抓下來，我測試的時候設的倆秒比較慢，一個小時一倆萬字段。爬取的數據以下

項目地址：

github:https://github.com/nanxung/-Scrapy

碼雲：http://git.oschina.net/nanxun/zhihu