nginx url重寫 rewrite實例

本文介紹下，在nginx中實現Url重寫，學習rewrite的具體用法，有須要的朋友參考下吧。

原文地址：http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0202/20/14234135_349409878.shtml

nginx 的 rewrite 語法 
語法: rewrite regex replacement flag
默認: none
做用域: server, location, if
此指令根據表達式來更改URI，或修改字符串。
指令根據配置文件中的順序來執行。

注意：
重寫表達式只對相對路徑有效。若是想配對主機名，應該使用if語句。
rewrite只是會改寫路徑部分的東東，不會改動用戶的輸入參數，所以這裏的if規則裏面，你無需關心用戶在瀏覽器裏輸入的參數，rewrite後會自動添加的，所以，只是加上了一個？號和後面咱們想要的一個小小的參數 ***https=1就能夠了。

nginx的rewrite規則參考：
 

~ 爲區分大小寫匹配
~* 爲不區分大小寫匹配
!~和!~*分別爲區分大小寫不匹配及不區分大小寫不匹
-f和!-f用來判斷是否存在文件
-d和!-d用來判斷是否存在目錄
-e和!-e用來判斷是否存在文件或目錄
-x和!-x用來判斷文件是否可執行
last 至關於Apache裏的[L]標記，表示完成rewrite，呵呵這應該是最經常使用的
break 終止匹配, 再也不匹配後面的規則
redirect 返回302臨時重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址
permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址
$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri

                                                        結合QeePHP的例子：

if (!-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;

                                                        多目錄轉成參數

abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) {
set $sub_name $1;
rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}

                                                         目錄對換

/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
 

                                                          例以下面設定nginx在用戶使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目錄下：

if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}

                                                         目錄自動加「/」

if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

                                                          禁止htaccess

location ~/\.ht {
deny all;
}

                                                         禁止多個目錄

location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}

                                                         禁止以/data開頭的文件
                                                         能夠禁止/data/下多級目錄下.log.txt等請求;

location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}

                                                         禁止單個目錄
                                                        不能禁止.log.txt能請求

location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}

                                                          禁止單個文件

location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}
 

                                                        給favicon.ico和robots.txt設置過時時間;
                                                        這裏爲favicon.ico爲99天,robots.txt爲7天並不記錄404錯誤日誌

location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}

location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}
 

                                                         設定某個文件的過時時間;這裏爲600秒，並不記錄訪問日誌

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log   off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}
 

                                                         文件反盜鏈並設置過時時間
                                                        這裏的return 412 爲自定義的http狀態碼，默認爲403，方便找出正確的盜鏈的請求
                                                      「rewrite ^/ http://www.jbxue.com/leech.gif;」顯示一張防盜鏈圖片
                                                       「access_log off;」不記錄訪問日誌，減輕壓力
                                                        「expires 3d」全部文件3天的瀏覽器緩存 

location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://www.jbxue.com/leech.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log   off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}
 

                                                         只充許固定ip訪問網站，並加上密碼

root  /opt/htdocs/www;
allow   208.97.167.194;
allow   222.33.1.2;
allow   231.152.49.4;
deny    all;
auth_basic 「C1G_ADMIN」;
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
 

                                                         將多級目錄下的文件轉成一個文件，加強seo效果

/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
 

                                                        將根目錄下某個文件夾指向2級目錄
                                                        如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
                                                        若是你將last改爲permanent，那麼瀏覽器地址欄顯是/location/shanghai/

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
 

                                                         上面例子有個問題是訪問/shanghai 時將不會匹配

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
 

                                                         這樣/shanghai 也能夠訪問了，但頁面中的相對連接沒法使用，
                                                         如./list_1.html真實地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html會變成/list_1.html,導至沒法訪問。
                                                         那我加上自動跳轉也是不行咯
                                                         (-d $request_filename)它有個條件是必需爲真實目錄，而個人rewrite不是的，因此沒有效果

if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
 

                                                         知道緣由後就好辦了，手動跳轉：

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
 

                                                         文件和目錄不存在的時候重定向：

if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}
 

                                                         域名跳轉

server
{
listen       80;
server_name  jump.jbxue.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.jbxue.com/;
access_log  off;
}
 

                                                         多域名轉向

server_name  www.jbxue.com/  www.jbxue.com/;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ 「c1gstudio\.net」) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.jbxue.com$1/ permanent;
}
 

                                                         三級域名跳轉

if ($http_host ~* 「^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$」) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.jbxue.com$1/;
break;
}
 

                                                         域名鏡向

server
{
listen       80;
server_name  mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.jbxue.com/$1 last;
access_log  off;
}
 

                                                         某個子目錄做鏡向

location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.jbxue.com/ last;
break;
}
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
 

                                                         給discuz某版塊單獨配置域名

server_name  bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;

location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news\.jbxue.com$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.jbxue.com/forum-831-1.html last;
break;
}
}
 

                                                         discuz ucenter 頭像 rewrite 優化

location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log   off;
location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location ~* ^/index.php/{rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;include fcgi.conf;}