mysql5.5.28在Linux下的安裝

1.       下載mysql

在http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ 官網上下載mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz.

2.       解壓

   假如tar包在/home/zdw/software目錄下

#tar -xvf mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz

3.       移動到/usr/local/mysql

#mv mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686 /usr/local/

添加快捷方式mysql指向mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686

#ln -s mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686/ mysql

4.       安裝依賴的lib包:執行/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld,報錯

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot               open shared object file: No such file or directory

使用apt-cache search libaio,找到以下軟件源

libaio-dev - Linux kernel AIO access library - development files

libaio1 - Linux kernel AIO access library - shared library

libaio1-dbg - Linux kernel AIO access library - debugging symbols

使用#apt-get install libaio1 安裝

5.       配置用戶，目錄

#groupadd mysql

#useradd -r -g mysql mysql

#cd /usr/local/mysql

#chown -R mysql .

#chgrp -R mysql .

6.       初始化mysql

    假如當前目錄爲/usr/local/mysql

#scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

7.       啓動mysql

最簡單的啓動方式:

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql

默認狀況下使用/usr/local/mysql/data做爲mysql的數據目錄，包括數據庫文件，log日誌。

經常使用的mysql啓動參數:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld  --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data  --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.socks

推薦的啓動mysql

#/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

啓動完成以後用ps -ef |grep mysql 命令查看是否啓動

8.       登陸mysql

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

默認密碼爲空

 

修改root密碼

mysql>use mysql ;
mysql>update user set password=PASSWORD("123456") where user='root';
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

9.       關閉mysql

最簡單的方式

#killall mysqld

推薦的方式

#/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop

使用mysql.server stop關閉mysqld會銷燬pid文件，並作容錯操做，可是最後也是調用kill命令kill mysql。

 

關閉mysql，儘可能不要用kill -9 mysql_pid或者是killall -9 mysql,不然mysql進程沒法作退出處理，就可能會丟失數據，甚至致使表損壞。

 

10.   淺析mysql.server腳本的啓動流程

mysql.server腳本能夠看到在如下腳本調用mysqld_safe這個bash

$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &

默認狀況下,$bindir/mysqld_safe就是/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe這個shell，個人本機的調用參數以下:

/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/blue-pc.pid

而mysqld_safe也是一個shell,能夠看到在這個腳本在初始化N多變量後，調用

eval_log_error "$cmd"

這個shell function最後就是調用

 #echo "Running mysqld: [$cmd]" eval "$cmd"

在我本機，這個$cmd就是

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/blue-pc.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/blue-pc.pid

參考文章：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/binary-installation.html
本文在Ubuntu11.04和Fedora14下測試成功。

 

root@zwj-virtual-machine1:/usr/local/mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
scripts/mysql_install_db: 1: scripts/mysql_install_db: ./bin/my_print_defaults: not found
Neither host 'zwj-virtual-machine1' nor 'localhost' could be looked up with
./bin/resolveip
Please configure the 'hostname' command to return a correct
hostname.
If you want to solve this at a later stage, restart this script
with the --force option
root@zwj-virtual-machine1:/usr/local/mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --force option
scripts/mysql_install_db: 1: scripts/mysql_install_db: ./bin/my_print_defaults: not found
Installing MySQL system tables...
scripts/mysql_install_db: 403: scripts/mysql_install_db: ./bin/mysqld: not found

Installation of system tables failed! Examine the logs in
./data for more information.

You can try to start the mysqld daemon with:

shell> ./bin/mysqld --skip-grant &

and use the command line tool ./bin/mysql
to connect to the mysql database and look at the grant tables:

shell> ./bin/mysql -u root mysql
mysql> show tables

Try 'mysqld --help' if you have problems with paths. Using --log
gives you a log in ./data that may be helpful.

Please consult the MySQL manual section
'Problems running mysql_install_db', and the manual section that
describes problems on your OS. Another information source are the
MySQL email archives available at http://lists.mysql.com/.

Please check all of the above before mailing us! And remember, if
you do mail us, you MUST use the ./bin/mysqlbug script!

root@zwj-virtual-machine1:/usr/local/mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686#