pprint整潔打印,處理zip壓縮文件
一. 打印並輸出到文件shell
>>> print("aa","bb"," 11 ","ddddd",sep='-',end='ok/t',file=open("c:/test.txt",'w'))
>>> print("-" *40)#打印40個"-"
>>> print("aa","bb"," 11 ","ddddd",sep='-',end='ok/t',file=open("c:/test.txt",'w'))
>>> print("-" *40)#打印40個"-"
二. 打印字典的值數組
>>> d = {"a":1,"b":2}
>>> print('%(a)s...%(b)s' %d)
1...2
>>> s = ('%(a)s...%(b)s' %d)
>>> s
'1...2'
>>> s = ['%(a)s...%(b)s' %d]
>>> s
['1...2']
>>> print("%(__builtins__)s...%(d)s" %vars())
<module 'builtins' (built-in)>...{'a': 1, 'b': 2}
>>> vars()
{'__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'd': {'a': 1, 'b': 2}, '__package__': None}
>>> locals()
{'__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'd': {'a': 1, 'b': 2}, '__package__': None}
>>> vars() is locals() #vars()無參數的狀況等同locals()
True
>>> vars() == locals()
True
>>> a = vars()
>>> b = locals()
>>> a is b
True
>>> d = {"a":1,"b":2}
>>> print('%(a)s...%(b)s' %d)
1...2
>>> s = ('%(a)s...%(b)s' %d)
>>> s
'1...2'
>>> s = ['%(a)s...%(b)s' %d]
>>> s
['1...2']
>>> print("%(__builtins__)s...%(d)s" %vars())
<module 'builtins' (built-in)>...{'a': 1, 'b': 2}
>>> vars()
{'__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'd': {'a': 1, 'b': 2}, '__package__': None}
>>> locals()
{'__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'd': {'a': 1, 'b': 2}, '__package__': None}
>>> vars() is locals() #vars()無參數的狀況等同locals()
True
>>> vars() == locals()
True
>>> a = vars()
>>> b = locals()
>>> a is b
True
三. pprint整潔打印函數
>>> import pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(data)
('this is a string',
[1, 2, 3, 4],
('more tuples', 1.0, 2.3, 4.5),
'this is yet another string')
>>> print(data)
('this is a string', [1, 2, 3, 4], ('more tuples', 1.0, 2.3, 4.5), 'this is yet another string')
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4) #縮進4空格
>>> pp.pprint(data)
( 'this is a string',
[1, 2, 3, 4],
('more tuples', 1.0, 2.3, 4.5),
'this is yet another string')
>>> import pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(data)
('this is a string',
[1, 2, 3, 4],
('more tuples', 1.0, 2.3, 4.5),
'this is yet another string')
>>> print(data)
('this is a string', [1, 2, 3, 4], ('more tuples', 1.0, 2.3, 4.5), 'this is yet another string')
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4) #縮進4空格
>>> pp.pprint(data)
( 'this is a string',
[1, 2, 3, 4],
('more tuples', 1.0, 2.3, 4.5),
'this is yet another string')
四. 打印輸出重定向性能
>>> import sys
>>> sys.stdout = open('c:/log123.txt','w')
>>> print ("aa","bb","1111111112213123")
>>> sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
>>> import sys
>>> sys.stdout = open('c:/log123.txt','w')
>>> print ("aa","bb","1111111112213123")
>>> sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
>>> import sys
>>> t = sys.stdout
>>> sys.stdout = open("c:/log123.txt",'w')
>>> print('1234abcd')
>>> sys.stdout = t
>>> print("11")
11
>>>
>>> import sys
>>> t = sys.stdout
>>> sys.stdout = open("c:/log123.txt",'w')
>>> print('1234abcd')
>>> sys.stdout = t
>>> print("11")
11
>>>
五. with方式讀取文件直到某行中止ui
讀取文件，直到某一行的文本等於"STOP"中止讀取。不然，將一直讀取下去。
（注意：中止讀取的行文本只能是iter()的第二個參數值，不能包含其餘的，空格都不行）this
with open("c:/test.txt") as fp:
for line in iter(fp.readline,"STOP"):
print(line)
with open("c:/test.txt") as fp:
for line in iter(fp.readline,"STOP"):
print(line)
六. 搜索目錄樹中包含有某個字符串的文件名的全部文件列表編碼
>>> import glob
>>> import fileinput
>>> import os
>>> import re
>>> glob.glob("E:/cdr01")
['E:/cdr01']
>>> glob.glob("E:/cdr01/*")#只返回當前cdr01下面的子目錄名和文件名（帶路徑，但不包含目錄樹中的全部子目錄與文件）
['E:/cdr01//20110113', 'E:/cdr01//20110114', 'E:/cdr01//20110115', 'E:/cdr01//20110116', 'E:/cdr01//20110117', 'E:/cdr01//20110118', 'E:/cdr01//20110119', 'E:/cdr01//20110120', 'E:/cdr01//20110121', 'E:/cdr01//20110122', 'E:/cdr01//20110123', 'E:/cdr01//20110124', 'E:/cdr01//cdr01.rar']
>>> [(a,b,c) for a , b , c in os.walk("E:/cdr01")] #os.walk返回目錄樹中的全部目錄與文件，他將每一目錄的子目錄與文件都按一個元組來返回。a表明當前搜索目錄（或者子目錄），b表明當前搜索目錄下面所包含的子目錄列表，c表明當前搜索目錄下面的全部文件名列表。（不帶路徑（但能夠經過與元組第一項進行拼接爲目錄或者文件路徑），而且包含目錄樹中的全部子目錄與文件）
[('E:/cdr01', ['20110113', '20110114', '20110115', '20110116', '20110117', '20110118', '20110119', '20110120', '20110121', '20110122', '20110123', '20110124'], ['cdr01.rar']), ('E:/cdr01//20110113', [], ['20110113_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110114', [], ['20110114_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110115', [], ['20110115_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110116', [], ['20110116_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110117', [], ['20110117_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110118', [], ['20110118_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110119', [], ['20110119_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110120', [], ['20110120_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110121', [], ['20110121_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110122', [], ['20110122_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110123', [], ['20110123_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110124', [], ['20110124_6042488744.csv'])]
>>> list((os.path.join(a,f)) for a , b , c in os.walk("E:/cdr201101") for f in c if re.search('6042488744',os.path.basename(f))) #E:/cdr201101包含不少CSV文件，此方法將搜索目錄樹中的文件名包含字符串"6042488744"的文件，並將文件名與路徑拼接做爲絕對路徑返回。
['E:/cdr201101//20110113//20110113_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110114//20110114_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110115//20110115_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110116//20110116_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110117//20110117_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110118//20110118_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110119//20110119_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110120//20110120_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110121//20110121_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110122//20110122_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110123//20110123_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110124//20110124_6042488744.csv']
>>> import glob
>>> import fileinput
>>> import os
>>> import re
>>> glob.glob("E:/cdr01")
['E:/cdr01']
>>> glob.glob("E:/cdr01/*")#只返回當前cdr01下面的子目錄名和文件名（帶路徑，但不包含目錄樹中的全部子目錄與文件）
['E:/cdr01//20110113', 'E:/cdr01//20110114', 'E:/cdr01//20110115', 'E:/cdr01//20110116', 'E:/cdr01//20110117', 'E:/cdr01//20110118', 'E:/cdr01//20110119', 'E:/cdr01//20110120', 'E:/cdr01//20110121', 'E:/cdr01//20110122', 'E:/cdr01//20110123', 'E:/cdr01//20110124', 'E:/cdr01//cdr01.rar']
>>> [(a,b,c) for a , b , c in os.walk("E:/cdr01")] #os.walk返回目錄樹中的全部目錄與文件，他將每一目錄的子目錄與文件都按一個元組來返回。a表明當前搜索目錄（或者子目錄），b表明當前搜索目錄下面所包含的子目錄列表，c表明當前搜索目錄下面的全部文件名列表。（不帶路徑（但能夠經過與元組第一項進行拼接爲目錄或者文件路徑），而且包含目錄樹中的全部子目錄與文件）
[('E:/cdr01', ['20110113', '20110114', '20110115', '20110116', '20110117', '20110118', '20110119', '20110120', '20110121', '20110122', '20110123', '20110124'], ['cdr01.rar']), ('E:/cdr01//20110113', [], ['20110113_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110114', [], ['20110114_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110115', [], ['20110115_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110116', [], ['20110116_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110117', [], ['20110117_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110118', [], ['20110118_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110119', [], ['20110119_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110120', [], ['20110120_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110121', [], ['20110121_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110122', [], ['20110122_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110123', [], ['20110123_6042488744.csv']), ('E:/cdr01//20110124', [], ['20110124_6042488744.csv'])]
>>> list((os.path.join(a,f)) for a , b , c in os.walk("E:/cdr201101") for f in c if re.search('6042488744',os.path.basename(f))) #E:/cdr201101包含不少CSV文件，此方法將搜索目錄樹中的文件名包含字符串"6042488744"的文件，並將文件名與路徑拼接做爲絕對路徑返回。
['E:/cdr201101//20110113//20110113_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110114//20110114_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110115//20110115_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110116//20110116_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110117//20110117_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110118//20110118_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110119//20110119_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110120//20110120_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110121//20110121_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110122//20110122_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110123//20110123_6042488744.csv', 'E:/cdr201101//20110124//20110124_6042488744.csv']
七. 字符串轉成字節數組，字節數組轉成字節串操作系統
>>> s = 'abcd123' >>> b = bytearray(s,sys.stdin.encoding) #sys.stdin.encoding至關於locale.getdefaultlocale()[1]得到當前操做系統的編碼方式 >>> b bytearray(b'abcd123') >>> b = bytes(s,sys.stdin.encoding) >>> b b'abcd123' >>> s = 'abcd123' >>> b = bytearray(s,sys.stdin.encoding) #sys.stdin.encoding至關於locale.getdefaultlocale()[1]得到當前操做系統的編碼方式 >>> b bytearray(b'abcd123') >>> b = bytes(s,sys.stdin.encoding) >>> b b'abcd123'
八. 字符串與字節的編碼與解碼code
>>> a = b'abc' >>> a.decode() #字節解碼爲字符串 'abc' >>> b = aa.encode() #字符串編碼爲字節 >>> b b'abc' >>> >>> a = b'abc' >>> a.decode() #字節解碼爲字符串 'abc' >>> b = aa.encode() #字符串編碼爲字節 >>> b b'abc' >>>
九. 處理zip壓縮文件對象
>>> import zipfile
>>> f = zipfile.ZipFile("E:/CodeBuilder.zip","r")
>>> for name in f.namelist():
data = f.read(name)
print(name,len(data),repr(data[:10]))
>>> f.close()
>>> import zipfile
>>> f = zipfile.ZipFile("E:/CodeBuilder.zip","r")
>>> for name in f.namelist():
data = f.read(name)
print(name,len(data),repr(data[:10]))
>>> f.close()
>>> import zipfile
>>> z = zipfile.ZipFile("E:/test1.zip","w") #建立zip壓縮文件包
>>> z.write("E:/testSqliteDB.db.txt") #壓縮一個txt文件
>>> z.close()
>>> z = zipfile.ZipFile("E:/test1.zip","r") #讀取zip壓縮文件包
>>> z.extractall()#解壓到當前目錄，extract能夠具體指定解壓哪一個文件到哪一個目錄
>>> z.extractall("E:/123/")#解壓到指定目錄
>>> z.close()
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd() #getcwd()能夠查看解壓的當前目錄位置
'C://Python31'
>>> import zipfile
>>> z = zipfile.ZipFile("E:/test1.zip","w") #建立zip壓縮文件包
>>> z.write("E:/testSqliteDB.db.txt") #壓縮一個txt文件
>>> z.close()
>>> z = zipfile.ZipFile("E:/test1.zip","r") #讀取zip壓縮文件包
>>> z.extractall()#解壓到當前目錄，extract能夠具體指定解壓哪一個文件到哪一個目錄
>>> z.extractall("E:/123/")#解壓到指定目錄
>>> z.close()
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd() #getcwd()能夠查看解壓的當前目錄位置
'C://Python31'
十. glob遍歷文件夾下面的全部文件並讀取內容
>>> import fileinput
>>> import glob
>>> for line in fileinput.input(glob.glob("E:/TestFolder/*.txt")):
print("File name:" + fileinput.filename() + " line length:" + str(len(line)))
>>> fileinput.close()
>>> import fileinput
>>> import glob
>>> for line in fileinput.input(glob.glob("E:/TestFolder/*.txt")):
print("File name:" + fileinput.filename() + " line length:" + str(len(line)))
>>> fileinput.close()
十一. shutil拷貝目錄樹
>>> import shutil
>>> shutil.copytree("E:/TestFolder","F:/TestFolder-bak")
>>> shutil.copytree("E:/TestFolder","xx") #在TestFolder文件夾裏面建立XX目錄，並拷貝TestFolder目錄到XX目錄
>>> import shutil
>>> shutil.copytree("E:/TestFolder","F:/TestFolder-bak")
>>> shutil.copytree("E:/TestFolder","xx") #在TestFolder文件夾裏面建立XX目錄，並拷貝TestFolder目錄到XX目錄
十二. 得到文件大小的兩種方式（二進制讀取）
>>> import os >>> os.stat(f).st_size 4753 >>> os.path.getsize(f) 4753 >>> import os >>> os.stat(f).st_size 4753 >>> os.path.getsize(f) 4753
十三. mmap 模塊提供了操做系統內存映射函數的接口,能夠映射字符串與文件內容
能夠執行譬如查找、統計、寫入等一些操做，但就是基於字節的。
>>> map = mmap.mmap(-1,13) >>> map.write(b"Hello world!") >>> map.readline() b'/x00' >>> map.seek(0) >>> map.readline() b'Hello world!/x00' >>> map.seek(0) >>> map.find(b'w') 6 >>> map.close() >>> map = mmap.mmap(-1,13) >>> map.write(b"Hello world!") >>> map.readline() b'/x00' >>> map.seek(0) >>> map.readline() b'Hello world!/x00' >>> map.seek(0) >>> map.find(b'w') 6 >>> map.close()
十四. dis反編譯對象爲字節碼
>>> import dis
>>> def showMsg(xx):
print("abc")
>>> dis.dis(showMsg)
2 0 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (print)
3 LOAD_CONST 1 ('abc')
6 CALL_FUNCTION 1
9 POP_TOP
10 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)
13 RETURN_VALUE
>>> import dis
>>> def showMsg(xx):
print("abc")
>>> dis.dis(showMsg)
2 0 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (print)
3 LOAD_CONST 1 ('abc')
6 CALL_FUNCTION 1
9 POP_TOP
10 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)
13 RETURN_VALUE
十五。profile 與 cProfile分析程序執行性能
profile 模塊是標準 Python 分析器，用Python寫的。
而cProfile是用C寫的，運行起來比profile快，官方推薦用cProfile.
pstats能夠處理分析報告。
>>> import profile
>>> def testss(n):
i = 0
for i in range(n):
i = i + 1
return i
>>> profile.run("testss(1000000)")
5 function calls in 0.269 CPU seconds
Ordered by: standard name
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 0.000 0.000 0.266 0.266 :0(exec)
1 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 :0(setprofile)
1 0.266 0.266 0.266 0.266 <pyshell#3>:1(testss)
1 0.000 0.000 0.266 0.266 <string>:1(<module>)
0 0.000 0.000 profile:0(profiler)
1 0.000 0.000 0.269 0.269 profile:0(testss(1000000))
>>> import cProfile
>>> cProfile.run("testss(1000000)") #分析速度快些
4 function calls in 0.212 CPU seconds
Ordered by: standard name
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 <pyshell#3>:1(testss)
1 0.000 0.000 0.212 0.212 <string>:1(<module>)
1 0.000 0.000 0.212 0.212 {built-in method exec}
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}
>>> import profile
>>> def testss(n):
i = 0
for i in range(n):
i = i + 1
return i
>>> profile.run("testss(1000000)")
5 function calls in 0.269 CPU seconds
Ordered by: standard name
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 0.000 0.000 0.266 0.266 :0(exec)
1 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 :0(setprofile)
1 0.266 0.266 0.266 0.266 <pyshell#3>:1(testss)
1 0.000 0.000 0.266 0.266 <string>:1(<module>)
0 0.000 0.000 profile:0(profiler)
1 0.000 0.000 0.269 0.269 profile:0(testss(1000000))
>>> import cProfile
>>> cProfile.run("testss(1000000)") #分析速度快些
4 function calls in 0.212 CPU seconds
Ordered by: standard name
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 <pyshell#3>:1(testss)
1 0.000 0.000 0.212 0.212 <string>:1(<module>)
1 0.000 0.000 0.212 0.212 {built-in method exec}
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}
pstats處理分析報告：
>>> import pstats
>>> pr = profile.Profile()
>>> pr.run("testss(1000000)")
<profile.Profile object at 0x0143C8D0>
>>> p = pstats.Stats(pr)
>>> pstats = p.sort_stats("time") #按時間排序
>>> pstats.print_stats() #打印在profile.run()中造成的分析報告
5 function calls in 38.856 CPU seconds
Ordered by: internal time
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 25.843 25.843 25.843 25.843 :0(setprofile)
1 12.760 12.760 38.856 38.856 profile:0(testss(1000000))
1 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 <pyshell#3>:1(testss)
1 0.000 0.000 0.253 0.253 :0(exec)
1 0.000 0.000 0.253 0.253 <string>:1(<module>)
0 0.000 0.000 profile:0(profiler)
<pstats.Stats object at 0x0143C330>
>>> import pstats
>>> pr = profile.Profile()
>>> pr.run("testss(1000000)")
<profile.Profile object at 0x0143C8D0>
>>> p = pstats.Stats(pr)
>>> pstats = p.sort_stats("time") #按時間排序
>>> pstats.print_stats() #打印在profile.run()中造成的分析報告
5 function calls in 38.856 CPU seconds
Ordered by: internal time
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 25.843 25.843 25.843 25.843 :0(setprofile)
1 12.760 12.760 38.856 38.856 profile:0(testss(1000000))
1 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 <pyshell#3>:1(testss)
1 0.000 0.000 0.253 0.253 :0(exec)
1 0.000 0.000 0.253 0.253 <string>:1(<module>)
0 0.000 0.000 profile:0(profiler)
<pstats.Stats object at 0x0143C330>
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