nginx rewrite和根據url參數location

最近項目中涉及到舊老項目遷移,須要在nginx上作些配置,因此簡單學習了下,好記性不如爛筆頭,先記下來。html

rewrite

首先查看下nginx是否支持rewrite:node

./nginx -V

 

不支持說明安裝nginx時候缺乏pcre,須要從新安裝nginx:nginx

#安裝pcre
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.34.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pcre-8.34.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.34
./configure
make
make install
#安裝nginx
cd nginx-1.0.12
./configure --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf \
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.34 \
make
make install
#啓動nginx
./nginx
#重啓nginx
./nginx –s reload 

示例正則表達式

好比現有以下的nginx配置:app

worker_processes  24;
#worker_cpu_affinity 0000000000000001;

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

error_log  logs/error.log  crit;

pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    use   epoll; 
    worker_connections  2048000;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    charset utf-8;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    tcp_nodelay     on;
    keepalive_timeout  60;
    client_max_body_size        10m; 
    client_body_buffer_size     128k; 

    upstream log {  
     server 192.168.80.147:8338;

    }

    server {
        listen       6061;
        server_name  192.168.71.51;

        location / { 
           proxy_pass                  http://log; 
           proxy_redirect              off; 
           proxy_set_header            Host $host; 
           proxy_set_header            Remote_Addr $remote_addr; 
           proxy_set_header   X-REAL-IP  $remote_addr; 
           proxy_set_header            X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
          
           proxy_connect_timeout       90; 
           proxy_send_timeout          90; 
           proxy_read_timeout          90; 
           proxy_buffer_size           4k; 
           proxy_buffers               4 32k; 
           proxy_busy_buffers_size     64k; 
           proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
        } 

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

    log_format  log  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

        access_log  logs/access_log.log  log;

        
       #設定查看Nginx狀態的地址   
       location /NginxStatus {  
        #stub_status on;   
        access_log on;   
        auth_basic "NginxStatus";   
        #auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;   
       }
    }
}

如今須要做以下的重定向:tcp

192.168.71.51/log.aspx –> 192.168.80.147:8338/log

192.168.71.51/do.aspx –> 192.168.80.147:8338/do

192.168.71.51/uplog.aspx –> 192.168.80.147:8338/log

能夠以下配置:學習

……
server {
        listen       6061;
        server_name  192.168.71.51;

    rewrite  ^(.*)(?i)uplog.aspx(.*)$  $1log$2  break;
    rewrite  ^(.*)(?i)log.aspx(.*)$  $1log$2  break;
    rewrite  ^(.*)(?i)do.aspx(.*)$  $1do$2  break;
    

        location / { 
           proxy_pass                  http://log; 
           proxy_redirect              off; 
           proxy_set_header            Host $host; 
           proxy_set_header            Remote_Addr $remote_addr; 
           proxy_set_header   X-REAL-IP  $remote_addr; 
           proxy_set_header            X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
          
           proxy_connect_timeout       90; 
           proxy_send_timeout          90; 
           proxy_read_timeout          90; 
           proxy_buffer_size           4k; 
           proxy_buffers               4 32k; 
           proxy_busy_buffers_size     64k; 
           proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
        }
……

關於這裏的rewrite配置主要說明如下幾點:url

  1.  rewrite用法: rewrite 正則 替換 標誌位
  2. 第一行配置和第二行配置順序不能顛倒,由於nginx會從上往下依次rewrite(break在這裏不起做用);
  3. (?!)表示忽略大小寫匹配(網上說的是~*,但好像不起做用,個人nginx版本是1.0.12);
  4.  $1,$2表示前面正則表達式匹配到的部分;
  5.  rewrite能夠在server裏也能夠在location裏,nginx會首先執行server裏的rewrite,而後纔會執行location,意味着location的是重寫後的url,以後還會執行location裏的rewrite,最後nginx還會拿結果去執行剩下的location。

關於nginx的rewrite詳細用法能夠參考詳細參考文檔:http://blog.cafeneko.info/2010/10/nginx_rewrite_note/(很詳細)spa

 

根據url參數location

實際開發中常常有根據請求參數來路由到不一樣請求處理者的狀況,根據POST請求參數須要些nginx插件,這裏主要簡單介紹下如何根據GET參數來路由。插件

仍是上面的配置文件。好比咱們但願訪問http://192.168.71.51:6061/do1.aspx?t=1212&c=uplog當url中的參數c爲config或uplog的時候(忽略大小寫)咱們路由到其餘地方:

首先增長一個upstream,好比:

……
upstream other {  
    server 192.168.71.41:2210;

     }
……

而後在location裏增長以下的判斷便可:

……
location / { 

       if ( $query_string ~* ^(.*)c=config\b|uplog\b(.*)$ ){
         proxy_pass                  http://other; 
       }
……

關鍵是標紅的行,$query_string表示url參數,後面是標準的正則匹配,須要的注意的是nginx中if有不少限制,語法很苛刻,具體參看上面的文檔。

 

很簡單卻很實用的配置,但願能幫到正在找這方面信息的同窗。

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