最近家裏WiFi網絡有點不穩定。因而用PING來檢查是否真的有掉包狀況。Windows的PING在有丟包的狀況,會隨機出現卡住的狀況,即不更新PING的反饋,直接到你按ctrl+c,它纔會繼續。因而用Linux的PING來試試。我用的是一臺Fedora,直接接到AP所鏈接的上行以太網口,先確認以太網口是否有問題。python
$ uname -a Linux Fedora 5.3.7-301.fc31.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Oct 21 19:18:58 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
在shell輸入PING命令,打開O選項,提示丟包(默認狀況下,不提示丟包,你只能經過不連續的icmp序號發現丟包,不方便),打開D選項,即提供時間戳。利用tee命令在shell獲取ping的返回的同時,存到一個文本文件,用來分析:正則表達式
$ ping 192.168.1.1 -OD | tee ping.log
ping.log的內容大概是這樣的:shell
PING 192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data. [1582125725.624008] 64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.497 ms [1582125726.627403] 64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.551 ms [1582125727.651623] 64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.668 ms
咱們將用python3或GNU awk腳本(兩者的效果至關)來分析這個log,統計丟包率、環回時延等指標。先把最終的分析結果呈上來:網絡
--- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics --- 34706 packets transmitted, 34702 received, 0.01% packet loss, time 9 hours 3129 seconds. rtt min/avg/max=0.307/0.645/1024.000 ms
獲取目標主機地址:函數
try: with open(log_file_name, 'r') as f: line_list = f.readlines() lines = ''.join(line_list) host_match = re.search(r'PING\s+(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)', line_list[0]) self._dst_host = host_match.group(1) if host_match else None
獲取第1個和最後1個icmp序號,這樣就能夠知道一共發送了多少個包,計算丟包率的時候做爲分母:code
ts_match = re.search(r'\[(\d+\.\d+)\][\w\.\s:]+\s+icmp_seq=(\d+)', lines) self._ts_begin = float(ts_match.group(1)) self._icmp_seq_begin = int(ts_match.group(2)) ts_match = re.search(r'\[(\d+\.\d+)\][\w\.\s:]+\s+icmp_seq=(\d+)', \ line_list[-1]) self._ts_end = float(ts_match.group(1)) self._icmp_seq_end = int(ts_match.group(2))
正常響應的ICMP reply,特徵是有rtt時間,若是是丟包,則是報告"no answer yet"。咱們依靠正常返回的字符串格式,提取全部的正常返回,數一數個數,接下來計算丟包率用得上。ip
self._match_list = re.findall(\ r'\[(\d+\.\d+)\].*?:\s+icmp_seq=(\d+).*?time=(\d+\.?\d+)', lines)
re.findall返回的是一個list of tuple,由於咱們在正則表達式裏定義了3個組。將它轉化爲3個list。字符串
raw_ts_tuple, raw_icmp_seq_tuple, raw_rtt_tuple = \ zip(*self._match_list) self._ts_list = list(map(float, list(raw_ts_tuple))) self._icmp_seq_list = list(map(int, list(raw_icmp_seq_tuple))) self._rtt_list = list(map(float, list(raw_rtt_tuple)))`
計算丟包率等統計量。it
duration = self._ts_end - self._ts_begin total_packets = self._icmp_seq_end - self._icmp_seq_begin + 1 received_packets = len(self._icmp_seq_list) print('---%s ping stattistics ---' % (self._dst_host)) print('%d packets transmitted, %d received, %.2f%% packet loss, time %d hours %d seconds.' % \ (total_packets, \ received_packets, \ 100 - received_packets/total_packets * 100, \ (duration) // 3600, \ (duration) % 3600 ) ) print('rtt min/avg/max=%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms' % ( min(self._rtt_list) ,\ mean(self._rtt_list), max(self._rtt_list)))
PING了一個晚上。丟包率是萬分之一,應該說挺穩定的。下次接上WLAN AP再來PING看看,可否發現丟包。io
對於格式化的文本分析,awk也是很應景的。因而用awk也來試試。
$ awk -f ping.awk ping.log
將得出以下結果:
--- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics --- 34706 packets transmitted, 34702 received, 0.01% packet loss, time 9 hours 3129 seconds. rtt min/avg/max=0.307/0.645/1024.000 ms
ping.awk的內容下面來解釋。初始化一下變量:
BEGIN { lineno=0; rtt_sum=0.0; pkt_count_recv = 0; is_init="False"; }
在awk, $ n就是第n個字符串,字符串之間的分隔符默認是空格,也能夠用選項來自定義分隔符。$1就是第1個字符串[1582125725.624008],$6是icmp_seq=1。
ts = $1; icmp_seq = $6; rtt = $8;
這些字符串有些多餘的東東,好比[1582125725.624008],方括號是多餘的;icmp_seq=1,icmp=是多餘的。用gsub函數把多餘的東東去掉。
gsub(/^\[/, "", ts); gsub(/$\]/, "", ts); gsub(/[a-z_]+=/, "", icmp_seq);
咱們剛纔也提到,ICMP reply正常的標誌是有"time="字符串,若是能用sub函數把它找出來,說明是一個正常的ICMP reply。
is_answer = sub(/time=/,"", rtt);
咱們統計這些正常的ICMP reply, 平均rtt=rtt累加 / ICMP reply個數。
if (is_answer>0) { if (is_init=="False") { rtt_min = rtt rtt_max = rtt is_init="True" } rtt += 0.0 rtt_sum += rtt; pkt_count_recv ++; if (rtt_min>rtt) rtt_min=rtt; if (rtt_max<rtt) rtt_max=rtt; }
在END段處理咱們剛纔統計的東東
END { pkt_count_trans = the_icmp_seq["end"]-the_icmp_seq["begin"]+1; loss_ratio = (pkt_count_trans-pkt_count_recv) / pkt_count_trans * 100; duration = (the_ts["end"] - the_ts["begin"]); time_seconds = duration % 3600; time_hours = (duration - time_seconds)/3600; printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", dest_host); printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received, %.2f%% packet loss, time %d hours %d seconds.\n",\ pkt_count_trans, pkt_count_recv, loss_ratio, time_hours, time_seconds); printf("rtt min/avg/max=%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", rtt_min, (rtt_sum / pkt_count_recv), rtt_max); }