分享JUC中的Condition的比較少見,我見了大部分文章都是講其中的一個例子BoundedBuffer。今天先從Condition接口的幾個方法提及,而後在把BoundedBuffer搞死鎖了。來看看Condition在使用的時候須要注意什麼。java
上源代碼:(字數限時,原諒我把註釋都去掉了)數組
public interface Condition { void await() throws InterruptedException; void awaitUninterruptibly(); long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout) throws InterruptedException; boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException; boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline) throws InterruptedException; void signal(); void signalAll(); }
Condtion接口主要是用來描述一個鎖的幾個狀態。具體建立方法以下
ide
Condition notFull = lock.newCondition();
其實Condition的功能有點相似Object當中的wait和notify方法。可是稍作了增強。提供了多種wait的策略。另外用Condition的最大好處就是,一個鎖是能夠擁有多個狀態的。若是用Object的wait和notify只能有一個。
測試
具體看一下如下幾個wait方法:
this
void await() throws InterruptedException; void awaitUninterruptibly(); long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout) throws InterruptedException; boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException; boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline) throws InterruptedException;
await()spa
解讀:會將當前線程設置成等待狀態,一直到有signal方法的觸發或者Interrupt的發生纔會恢復狀態。固然interrupt了就直接拋異常了,不會繼續往下走線程
異常:InterruptedExceptioncode
awaitUninterruptibly()接口
解讀:會將當前線程設置成等待狀態,一直到有signal方法的觸發。不會被Interrupt阻斷。get
long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout)
參數:最大的等待的時間
返回:實際的剩餘時間的估算(nanosTimeout - 實際等待時間)正值能夠用於後續的繼續等待,例如延遲加載這樣的場景,可讓程序繼續等待剩下的時間,完成計時。若是爲0或者負數時,表示沒有剩餘時間了。
解讀:會將當前線程設置成等待狀態一直到設定的最大等待時間。當遇到singal或者Interrupt時纔會恢復。
異常:InterruptedException
boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit) 和 boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline)
參數:具體時間一個是間斷的時間,另外一個是具體的時刻。但實質是同樣的。
解讀:具體等待一段時間或一個到一個時間點。若是遇到singal則返回True,不然返回false.
異常:InterruptedException
void signal(); void signalAll();
void signal()
解讀:喚醒一個等待的線程,若是全部的線程都在等待此條件,則選擇其中的一個喚醒。在從 await 返回以前,該線程必須從新獲取鎖。
void signalAll()
解讀:喚醒全部線程,若是全部的線程都在等待此條件,則選擇其中的一個喚醒。在從 await 返回以前,該線程必須從新獲取鎖。
public class BoundedBuffer { final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); final Condition notFull = lock.newCondition(); final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition(); final Object[] items = new Object[2]; int putptr, takeptr, count; public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName+" is waiting for lock"); lock.lock(); System.out.println(threadName+" got lock"); try { while (count == items.length){ System.out.println(threadName+" is waiting for notFull condition"); notFull.await(); System.out.println(threadName+" left notFull condition"); } items[putptr] = x; if (++putptr == items.length){ putptr = 0; } ++count; notEmpty.signal(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public Object take() throws InterruptedException { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName+" is waiting for lock"); lock.lock(); System.out.println(threadName+" got lock"); try { while (count == 0){ System.out.println(threadName+" is waiting for notEmpty condition"); notEmpty.await(); System.out.println(threadName+" left notEmpty condition"); } Object x = items[takeptr]; if (++takeptr == items.length){ takeptr = 0; } --count; notFull.signal(); return x; } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
問得最多的一個問題:這裏的await有必要嗎?
while (count == 0){ System.out.println(threadName+" is waiting for notEmpty condition"); notEmpty.await(); System.out.println(threadName+" left notEmpty condition"); }
回答:有必要,當count等於0的時候.若是沒有await釋放鎖,那麼其餘線程會認爲lock一直被佔有,將沒法得到鎖。
爲了驗證這一點,寫了一個測試方法:
public class PutTask implements Runnable { BoundedBuffer bb = new BoundedBuffer(); int count = 0; public PutTask(BoundedBuffer bb){ this.bb = bb; this.count = 0; } @Override public void run() { try { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); bb.put(count); System.out.println(threadName+" put "+count); count++; } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public class TakeTask implements Runnable { BoundedBuffer bb = new BoundedBuffer(); public TakeTask(BoundedBuffer bb){ this.bb = bb; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" take "+bb.take()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public class ConditionTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{ BoundedBuffer bb = new BoundedBuffer(); PutTask putTask = new PutTask(bb); TakeTask takeTask1 = new TakeTask(bb); TakeTask takeTask2 = new TakeTask(bb); final ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3); //service.scheduleAtFixedRate(putTask, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); service.scheduleAtFixedRate(takeTask1, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); service.scheduleAtFixedRate(takeTask2, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); Thread.currentThread().sleep(3000l); Thread t = new Thread(putTask); t.start(); } }
將notEmpty.await()註釋掉,執行的結果爲
pool-1-thread-2 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-2 got lock pool-1-thread-1 is waiting for lock Thread-0 is waiting for lock
能夠看到除了pool-1-thread-2得到了鎖,其餘線程都在等待鎖。但這個時候pool-1-thread-2被while(count==0)鎖死,沒法跳出。程序進入死鎖。
恢復notEmpty.await()的註釋,執行的結果爲
pool-1-thread-2 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-2 got lock pool-1-thread-2 is waiting for notEmpty condition pool-1-thread-1 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-1 got lock pool-1-thread-1 is waiting for notEmpty condition Thread-0 is waiting for lock Thread-0 got lock Thread-0 put 0 pool-1-thread-2 left notEmpty condition pool-1-thread-2 take 0 pool-1-thread-2 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-2 got lock pool-1-thread-2 is waiting for notEmpty condition
問題:
while (count == 0){ System.out.println(threadName+" is waiting for notEmpty condition"); notEmpty.await(); System.out.println(threadName+" left notEmpty condition"); }
若是將while改爲if能夠嗎?
回答:不能夠,
notEmpty.signal();
若是將notEmpty.signal()改爲notEmpty.signalAll()。而後按照上面的方法再來試一次,先放兩個線程去take,而後一個線程去put,而後同時喚醒兩個線程。數組會越界。必須從新等待一次notEmpty.
最後一個問題
public class ConditionTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{ BoundedBuffer bb = new BoundedBuffer(); PutTask putTask = new PutTask(bb); TakeTask takeTask1 = new TakeTask(bb); TakeTask takeTask2 = new TakeTask(bb); final ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2); service.scheduleAtFixedRate(putTask, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); service.scheduleAtFixedRate(takeTask1, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); service.scheduleAtFixedRate(takeTask2, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }
若是這樣執行,結果會怎麼樣?在兩個線程中跑3個任務。
結果就是死鎖了:
pool-1-thread-1 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-1 got lock pool-1-thread-1 put 0 pool-1-thread-1 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-1 got lock pool-1-thread-1 take 0 pool-1-thread-1 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-1 got lock pool-1-thread-1 is waiting for notEmpty condition pool-1-thread-2 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-2 got lock pool-1-thread-2 put 1 pool-1-thread-1 left notEmpty condition pool-1-thread-1 take 1 pool-1-thread-1 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-1 got lock pool-1-thread-1 is waiting for notEmpty condition pool-1-thread-2 is waiting for lock pool-1-thread-2 got lock pool-1-thread-2 is waiting for notEmpty condition