SpringCloud 教程 | 第二篇: 服務消費者(rest+ribbon)

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blog.csdn.net/forezp/arti…
本文出自方誌朋的博客javascript

在上一篇文章,講了服務的註冊和發現。在服務架構中,業務都會被拆分紅一個獨立的服務,服務與服務的通信是基於http restful的。Spring cloud有兩種調用方式,一種是ribbon+restTemplate,另外一種是feign。在這一篇文章首先講解下基於ribbon+rest。html

1、ribbon簡介

Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.java

-----摘自官網git

ribbon是一個負載均衡客戶端,能夠很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行爲。Feign也用到ribbon,當你使用@ FeignClient,ribbon自動被應用。github

ribbon 已經默認實現了這些配置bean:web

  • IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImplspring

  • IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRuleapache

  • IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing瀏覽器

  • ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList restful

  • ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

  • ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

2、準備工做

基於上一節的工程,啓動eureka-server 工程;啓動service-hi工程,它的端口爲8762;將service-hi的配置文件的端口改成8763,並啓動它,這時你會發現:service-hi在eureka-server註冊了2個,這就至關於一個小的集羣。訪問localhost:8761如圖所示:

Paste_Image.png

3、建一個服務消費者

從新新建一個spring-boot工程,取名爲:service-ribbon;
它的pom.xml文件以下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
    <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>service-ribbon</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>


</project>複製代碼

向服務註冊中心註冊一個新的服務,這時service-ribbon既是服務提供者,也是服務消費者。配置文件application.yml以下:

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8764
spring:
  application:
    name: service-ribbon複製代碼

在工程的啓動類中,經過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務中心註冊;而且註冊了一個bean: restTemplate;經過@ LoadBalanced註冊代表,這個restRemplate是負載均衡的。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}複製代碼

這時咱們須要測試下,建一個service類:

@Service
public class HelloService {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public String hiService(String name) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
    }

}複製代碼

經過restTemplate.getForObject方法,service-ribbon 就能夠調用service-hi的方法了。而且在調用的工程中並之須要寫服務的名,而不是具體的ip.

寫一個controller:

/** * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6. */
@RestController
public class HelloControler {

    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
        return helloService.hiService(name);
    }


}複製代碼

訪問http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp,瀏覽器交替顯示:

hi forezp,i am from port:8762

hi forezp,i am from port:8763

這說明當咱們經過調用restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class),獲取service-hi的方法時,已經作了負載均衡,訪問了不一樣的端口的服務。

4、此時的架構

此時架構圖.png

  • 一個服務註冊中心,eureka server,端口爲8761
  • service-hi工程跑了兩個副本,端口分別爲8762,8763,分別向服務註冊中心註冊
  • sercvice-ribbon端口爲8764,向服務註冊中心註冊
  • 當sercvice-ribbon經過restTemplate調用service-hi的hi接口時,由於用ribbon進行了負載均衡,會輪流的調用service-hi:8762和8763 兩個端口的hi接口;

源碼下載:github.com/forezp/Spri…

5、參考資料

本文參考瞭如下:

spring-cloud-ribbon

springcloud ribbon with eureka

服務消費者

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