(拿來主義) SpringCloud | 第二篇: 服務消費者(rest+ribbon)

本文出自方誌朋的博客java

 

在上一篇文章,講了服務的註冊和發現。在微服務架構中,業務都會被拆分紅一個獨立的服務,服務與服務的通信是基於http restful的。Spring cloud有兩種服務調用方式,一種是ribbon+restTemplate,另外一種是feign。在這一篇文章首先講解下基於ribbon+rest。web

1、ribbon簡介

Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.spring

—–摘自官網apache

ribbon是一個負載均衡客戶端,能夠很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行爲。Feign默認集成了ribbon。瀏覽器

Ribbon能夠在經過客戶端中配置的ribbonServerList服務端列表去輪詢訪問以達到均衡負載的做用。restful

當Ribbon與Eureka聯合使用時,ribbonServerList會被DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList重寫,擴展成從Eureka註冊中心中獲取服務端列表。同時它也會用NIWSDiscoveryPing來取代IPing,它將職責委託給Eureka來肯定服務端是否已經啓動。架構

ribbon 已經默認實現了這些配置bean:app

  • IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl負載均衡

  • IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRulemaven

  • IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing

  • ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList

  • ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

  • ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

2、準備工做

這一篇文章基於上一篇文章的工程,啓動eureka-server 工程;啓動service-hi工程,它的端口爲2222;將service-hi的配置文件的端口改成3333,並啓動,這時你會發現:service-hi在eureka-server註冊了2個實例,這就至關於一個小的集羣。訪問localhost:1111如圖所示:

如何一個工程啓動多個實例,請看這篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139

 

 

3、建一個服務消費者

從新新建一個spring-boot工程,取名爲:service-ribbon; 
在它的pom.xml文件分別引入起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web,代碼以下:

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>ribbon</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

 

 在工程的配置文件指定服務的註冊中心地址爲http://localhost:1111/eureka/,程序名稱爲 service-ribbon,程序端口爲4444。配置文件application.xml以下:

 

server.port = 4444

spring.application.name = service-ribbon

eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone = http://localhost:1111/eureka/

 

在工程的啓動類中,經過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務中心註冊;而且向程序的ioc注入一個bean: restTemplate;並經過@LoadBalanced註解代表這個restRemplate開啓負載均衡的功能。

package com.example.springcloud.ribbon;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class RibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

編寫service類HelloService,經過以前注入ioc容器的restTemplate來消費service-hi服務的「/hi」接口,在這裏咱們直接用的程序名替代了具體的url地址,在ribbon中它會根據服務名來選擇具體的服務實例,根據服務實例在請求的時候會用具體的url替換掉服務名,代碼以下:

package com.example.springcloud.ribbon.service;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Service
public class HelloService {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public String hiService(String name) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-hi/hi?name=" + name, String.class);
    }

}

寫一個controller,在controller中用調用HelloService 的方法,代碼以下:

package com.example.springcloud.ribbon.web;

import com.example.springcloud.ribbon.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name) {
        return helloService.hiService(name);
    }
}

 

在瀏覽器上屢次訪問http://localhost:1111/hi?name=lisi,瀏覽器交替顯示:

 

這說明當咱們經過調用restTemplate.getForObject(「http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=「+name,String.class)方法時,已經作了負載均衡,訪問了不一樣的端口的服務實例。 

 

4、此時的架構

  • 一個服務註冊中心,eureka server,端口爲1111
  • service-hi工程跑了兩個實例,端口分別爲2222,3333,分別向服務註冊中心註冊
  • sercvice-ribbon端口爲4444,向服務註冊中心註冊
  • 當sercvice-ribbon經過restTemplate調用service-hi的hi接口時,由於用ribbon進行了負載均衡,會輪流的調用service-hi:2222和3333兩個端口的hi接口;
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