本文出自方誌朋的博客java
在上一篇文章,講了服務的註冊和發現。在微服務架構中,業務都會被拆分紅一個獨立的服務,服務與服務的通信是基於http restful的。Spring cloud有兩種服務調用方式,一種是ribbon+restTemplate,另外一種是feign。在這一篇文章首先講解下基於ribbon+rest。web
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.spring
—–摘自官網apache
ribbon是一個負載均衡客戶端,能夠很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行爲。Feign默認集成了ribbon。瀏覽器
Ribbon能夠在經過客戶端中配置的ribbonServerList服務端列表去輪詢訪問以達到均衡負載的做用。restful
當Ribbon與Eureka聯合使用時,ribbonServerList會被DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList重寫,擴展成從Eureka註冊中心中獲取服務端列表。同時它也會用NIWSDiscoveryPing來取代IPing,它將職責委託給Eureka來肯定服務端是否已經啓動。架構
ribbon 已經默認實現了這些配置bean:app
IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl負載均衡
IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRulemaven
IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
這一篇文章基於上一篇文章的工程,啓動eureka-server 工程;啓動service-hi工程,它的端口爲2222;將service-hi的配置文件的端口改成3333,並啓動,這時你會發現:service-hi在eureka-server註冊了2個實例,這就至關於一個小的集羣。訪問localhost:1111如圖所示:
如何一個工程啓動多個實例,請看這篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139
從新新建一個spring-boot工程,取名爲:service-ribbon;
在它的pom.xml文件分別引入起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web,代碼以下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.example.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>ribbon</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>ribbon</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
在工程的配置文件指定服務的註冊中心地址爲http://localhost:1111/eureka/,程序名稱爲 service-ribbon,程序端口爲4444。配置文件application.xml以下:
server.port = 4444 spring.application.name = service-ribbon eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone = http://localhost:1111/eureka/
在工程的啓動類中,經過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務中心註冊;而且向程序的ioc注入一個bean: restTemplate;並經過@LoadBalanced註解代表這個restRemplate開啓負載均衡的功能。
package com.example.springcloud.ribbon; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication public class RibbonApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication.class, args); } @Bean @LoadBalanced RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } }
編寫service類HelloService,經過以前注入ioc容器的restTemplate來消費service-hi服務的「/hi」接口,在這裏咱們直接用的程序名替代了具體的url地址,在ribbon中它會根據服務名來選擇具體的服務實例,根據服務實例在請求的時候會用具體的url替換掉服務名,代碼以下:
package com.example.springcloud.ribbon.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @Service public class HelloService { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; public String hiService(String name) { return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-hi/hi?name=" + name, String.class); } }
寫一個controller,在controller中用調用HelloService 的方法,代碼以下:
package com.example.springcloud.ribbon.web; import com.example.springcloud.ribbon.service.HelloService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class HelloController { @Autowired HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping(value = "/hi") public String hi(@RequestParam String name) { return helloService.hiService(name); } }
在瀏覽器上屢次訪問http://localhost:1111/hi?name=lisi,瀏覽器交替顯示:
這說明當咱們經過調用restTemplate.getForObject(「http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=「+name,String.class)方法時,已經作了負載均衡,訪問了不一樣的端口的服務實例。