在微服務架構中,業務都會被拆分紅一個獨立的服務,服務與服務的通信是基於http restful的。 spring cloud有兩種調用方式,一種是ribbon+restTemplate,另外一種是feign。在這一篇文章首先講解下基於ribbon+rest。 html
1、ribbon簡介java
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies. —–摘自官網
ribbon是一個 負載均衡客戶端,能夠很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行爲。Feign也用到ribbon,當你使用@ FeignClient,ribbon自動被應用。 git
ribbon 已經默認實現了這些配置bean: github
IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl web
IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule spring
IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing apache
ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList 瀏覽器
ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter restful
ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer 架構
2、準備工做
基於上一節的工程,啓動eureka-server 工程;啓動service-hi工程,它的端口爲8762;將service-hi的配置文件的端口改成8763,並啓動它,這時你會發現:service-hi在eureka-server註冊了2個,這就至關於一個小的集羣。訪問localhost:8761如圖所示:
3、建一個服務消費者
從新新建一個 spring-boot工程,取名爲:service-ribbon;
它的pom.xml文件以下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.forezp</groupId> <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>service-ribbon</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Dalston.RC1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project>
向服務註冊中心註冊一個新的服務,這時service-ribbon既是服務提供者,也是服務消費者。配置文件application.yml以下:
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ server: port: 8764 spring: application: name: service-ribbon
在工程的啓動類中,經過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務中心註冊;而且註冊了一個bean: restTemplate;經過@ LoadBalanced註冊代表,這個restRemplate是負載均衡的。
@SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class ServiceRibbonApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args); } @Bean @LoadBalanced RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } }
這時咱們須要測試下,建一個service類:
@Service public class HelloService { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; public String hiService(String name) { return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class); } }
經過restTemplate.getForObject方法,service-ribbon 就能夠調用service-hi的方法了。而且在調用的工程中並之須要寫服務的名,而不是具體的ip.
寫一個controller:
/** * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6. */ @RestController public class HelloControler { @Autowired HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping(value = "/hi") public String hi(@RequestParam String name){ return helloService.hiService(name); } }
訪問 http://localhost:8764/hi?name...瀏覽器交替顯示:
hi forezp,i am from port:8762 hi forezp,i am from port:8763
這說明當咱們經過調用restTemplate.getForObject(「http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=「+name,String.class),獲取service-hi的方法時,已經作了負載均衡,訪問了不一樣的端口的服務。
4、此時的架構
一個服務註冊中心,eureka server,端口爲8761
service-hi工程跑了兩個副本,端口分別爲8762,8763,分別向服務註冊中心註冊
sercvice-ribbon端口爲8764,向服務註冊中心註冊
當sercvice-ribbon經過restTemplate調用service-hi的hi接口時,由於用ribbon進行了負載均衡,會輪流的調用service-hi:8762和8763 兩個端口的hi接口;
源碼下載:https://github.com/forezp/Spr...
5、參考資料
本文參考瞭如下:
springcloud ribbon with eureka
服務消費者