SDOI 2018二輪題解(除Day2T1)

博主詐屍啦

雖然一輪以後就退役了可是二輪仍是要去劃劃水呀~

然鵝學了不到一個月文化課再回來看OI的東西有一種恍如隔世的感受，烤前感受也沒啥可複習的，就補一補去年二輪的題吧。

題目思路基本都參考自shadowice神仙Orz

Day2T1沒時間作了咕咕咕

物理實驗

充滿毒瘤氣息的計算幾何題。。

首先旋轉一下座標系，那麼只須要考慮兩條線平行於\(y\)軸的狀況。

因爲題目中規定每一個擋板都不和直線導軌接觸，所以必定是分別分佈於\(y > 0\)和\(y < 0\)兩部分，咱們分別維護。

如今只考慮上半部分，不難看出對於兩條線段一上一下的狀況，上面的線段被遮擋的部分是沒有用的。同時全部的線段咱們能夠拆成加入和刪除兩個事件，首先預處理出兩個事件之間的最大的sec，同時有了距離就能夠算出答案。

而後雙指針掃一下。

複雜度\(O(n \log n)\)

#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
#define fi first
#define se second
#define LL long long
#define pb push_back
#define double long double   
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 1e6 + 10;
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmin(A &a, B b){if(a > b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmax(A &a, B b){if(a < b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
inline int read() {
    char c = getchar(); int x = 0, f = 1;
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {if(c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar();}
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();
    return x * f;
};
int N, opt[MAXN];
double x[MAXN][2], y[MAXN][2], pos[MAXN], bx, by, ex, ey, L;
double nx, val[MAXN], sec[MAXN];
struct Segment {
    int id;
    bool operator < (const Segment &rhs) const {
        if(id == rhs.id) return 0;
        int td = rhs.id;
        double va = (y[id][1] - y[id][0]) / (x[id][1] - x[id][0]) * (nx - x[id][0]) + y[id][0];
        double vb = (y[td][1] - y[td][0]) / (x[td][1] - x[td][0]) * (nx - x[td][0]) + y[td][0];
        return abs(va) < abs(vb);
    }
};
set<Segment> su, sd;
double GouGu(double x, double y) {
    return sqrt(x * x + y * y);
}
int comp(int a, int b) {
    return (a < 0 ? x[-a][1] : x[a][0]) < (b < 0 ? x[-b][1] : x[b][0]);
}
void init() {
    nx = 0; memset(val, 0, sizeof(val));
}
void solve() {
    N = read();
    init();
    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        x[i][0] = read(); y[i][0] = read(); x[i][1] = read(); y[i][1] = read();
    }
    bx = read(), by = read(); ex = read(); ey = read(); L = read();
    double dx = ex - bx, dy = ey - by, dis = GouGu(dx, dy);
    double bl = (bx == by) ? 0 : by - dy / dx * bx;
    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++) y[i][0] -= bl, y[i][1] -= bl;
    dx /= dis; dy /= dis;//dx cos dy sin
    //(x, y) 
    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        double px1 = x[i][0], px2 = x[i][1], py1 = y[i][0], py2 = y[i][1];
        x[i][0] = dx * px1 + dy * py1; //tag
        y[i][0] = dx * py1 - dy * px1;
        x[i][1] = dx * px2 + dy * py2;
        y[i][1] = dx * py2 - dy * px2;
        if(x[i][0] > x[i][1]) swap(x[i][0], x[i][1]), swap(y[i][0], y[i][1]);
        sec[i] = GouGu(x[i][1] - x[i][0], y[i][1] - y[i][0]) / (x[i][1] - x[i][0]);
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= 2 * N; i++) opt[i] = (i <= N ? -i : i - N);
    sort(opt + 1, opt + 2 * N + 1, comp);
    for(int i = 1; i <= 2 * N; i++) {
        int u;
        if(opt[i] > 0) {//insert
            u = opt[i];
            nx = pos[i] = x[u][0];
            (y[u][0] > 0 ? su : sd).insert({u});
        } else {//delet
            u = -opt[i];
            nx = pos[i] = x[u][1];
            (y[u][0] > 0 ? su : sd).erase({u});
        }   
        if(!su.empty()) val[i] += sec[su.begin()->id];
        if(!sd.empty()) val[i] += sec[sd.begin()->id];
    }
    for(int i = 2 * N; i >= 1; i--) val[i] = val[i- 1];
    double ret = 0, rl = pos[1] - L, rr = pos[1], ans = 0;
    int pl = 1, pr = 2;
    while(pr <= 2 * N) {
        double dl = pos[pl] - rl, dr = pos[pr] - rr;
        if(dl > dr)      ret += (val[pr] - val[pl]) * dr, pr++, rl += dr, rr += dr;
        else if(dr > dl) ret += (val[pr] - val[pl]) * dl, pl++, rl += dl, rr += dl;
        else ret += (val[pr] - val[pl]) * dl, pr++, pl++, rl += dl, rr += dl;
        ans = max(ans, ret);
    }
    printf("%.15Lf\n", ans);
}
signed main() {
    for(int T = read(); T--; solve());
    return 0;
}

戰略遊戲

首先建出圓方樹，那麼答案爲包含全部詢問點的最小聯通塊大小 減去關鍵點個數

最小聯通塊大小能夠轉化爲邊的貢獻最後特判LCA，將全部點按dfs序排序後算出相鄰兩點的dis，最後/2便可

複雜度\(O(n log n)\)

#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
#define Pair pair<int, int>
#define MP(x, y) make_pair(x, y)
#define fi first
#define se second
//#define int long long 
#define LL long long
#define pb push_back  
#define Fin(x) {freopen(#x".in","r",stdin);}
#define Fout(x) {freopen(#x".out","w",stdout);}
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 1e6 + 10, mod = 1e9 + 7;
const LL INF = 1e18 + 10;
const double eps = 1e-9;
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmin(A &a, B b){if(a > b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmax(A &a, B b){if(a < b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline LL add(A x, B y) {if(x + y < 0) return x + y + mod; return x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline void add2(A &x, B y) {if(x + y < 0) x = x + y + mod; else x = (x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y);}
template <typename A, typename B> inline LL mul(A x, B y) {return 1ll * x * y % mod;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline void mul2(A &x, B y) {x = (1ll * x * y % mod + mod) % mod;}
template <typename A> inline void debug(A a){cout << a << '\n';}
template <typename A> inline LL sqr(A x){return 1ll * x * x;}
inline int read() {
    char c = getchar(); int x = 0, f = 1;
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {if(c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar();}
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();
    return x * f;
}
int N, M, nd;
vector<int> v[MAXN], E[MAXN];
int dfn[MAXN], low[MAXN], times, st[MAXN], tp;
void tarjan(int x, int fa) {
    dfn[x] = low[x] = ++times;
    st[++tp] = x;
    for(auto &to : v[x]) {
        if(to == fa) continue;
        if(!dfn[to]) {
            tarjan(to, x), chmin(low[x], low[to]);
            if(low[to] >= dfn[x]) {
                E[++nd].pb(x); E[x].pb(nd);
                do {
                    E[nd].pb(st[tp]); E[st[tp]].pb(nd);
                }while(st[tp--] != to);
            }
        }
        else chmin(low[x], dfn[to]);

    }
}
int dis[MAXN], siz[MAXN], son[MAXN], top[MAXN], dep[MAXN], ffa[MAXN];
void dfs(int x, int fa) {
    siz[x] = 1; ffa[x] = fa;
    for(auto &to : E[x]) {
        if(to == fa) continue;
        dis[to] = dis[x] + (to <= N);
        dep[to] = dep[x] + 1;
        dfs(to, x);
        siz[x] += siz[to];
        if(siz[to] > siz[son[x]]) son[x] = to;
    }
}
void dfs2(int x, int topf) {
    top[x] = topf; dfn[x] = ++times;
    if(!son[x]) return ;
    dfs2(son[x], topf);
    for(auto &to : E[x]) {
        if(top[to]) continue;
        dfs2(to, to);
    }
}
int LCA(int x, int y) {
    while(top[x] ^ top[y]) {
        if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) swap(x, y);
        x = ffa[top[x]];
    }
    return dep[x] < dep[y] ? x : y;
}
int Dis(int x, int y) {
    return dis[x] + dis[y] - 2 * dis[LCA(x, y)];
}
int comp(int a, int b) {
    return dfn[a] < dfn[b];
}
void init() {
    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++) v[i].clear();
    for(int i = 1; i <= nd; i++) E[i].clear();
#define m0(x) memset(x, 0, sizeof(x))
    m0(top); m0(dfn); m0(low); m0(dis); m0(dep); m0(son); m0(ffa); m0(siz); m0(dis);
#undef m0
    tp = 0; times = 0; nd = 0;
    
}
int ggg = 0;
void solve() {
    N = read(); M = read();
    init();
    nd = N;
    for(int i = 1; i <= M; i++) {
        int x = read(), y = read();
        v[x].pb(y); v[y].pb(x);     
    }
    tarjan(1, 0);
    dfs(1, 0);
    dfs2(1, 1);
    int Q = read();
    for(int k = 1; k <= Q; k++) {
        int num = read(); LL ans = 0;
        vector<int> po;
        for(int i = 1; i <= num; i++) po.pb(read());
        sort(po.begin(), po.end(), comp);
        for(int i = 0; i < po.size() - 1; i++) {
            ans += Dis(po[i], po[i + 1]);
        }
        ans += Dis(po[num - 1], po[0]);
        ans = ans  / 2 + (LCA(po[0], po[num - 1]) <= N) - num;
    cout << ans << '\n';

    }
}

signed main() {
    for(int T = read(); T--; solve());
    return 0;
}

反迴文串

神仙反演Orzzzzzzzzzz

首先一個串的本質不一樣的輪換個數是不重疊最小循環節的長度

若是最小循環節的長度\(d\)是偶數，此時一個迴文串的\(d\)種不一樣的輪換字符串當中剛好有兩個迴文串(自己一個，把前\(\frac{d}{2}\)個字符拼到後面一個)

不然\(d\)是奇數的話必定會有\(d\)個本質不一樣的字符串

首先考慮字符集爲\(k\)的狀況下回文串的數量\(g(n)\)

顯然\(g(n) = k^{\lfloor\frac{n+1}{2} \rfloor}\)(固定一半)

那麼設

$$
\begin{cases}
h(i) = &i &(i \equiv 1 \pmod 2)\
&\frac{i}{2} &(Otherwise)
\end{cases}

$$

設\(f(i)\)表示最小循環節爲\(i\)的字符串數量，顯然有

\(Ans(n) = \sum_{d|n} h(d) f(d)\)

\(f(d)\)很難直接求，可是咱們能夠枚舉循環節獲得一個等式

\[g(n) = \sum_{d|n} f(d)\]

反演一下

\[f(n) = \sum_{d|n} \mu(d) g(\frac{n}{d})\]

帶入原來的公式

\[ Ans(n) = \sum_{d|n} h(d) \sum_{k |d} \mu(k) g(\frac{d}{k}) \]

咱們嘗試枚舉\(g\)

\[ Ans(n) = \sum_{k|n} g(k) \sum_{k|d\text{且}d|n} h(d) \mu(\frac{d}{k}) \]

把\(d\)拆爲\(d = d' * K\)，咱們去枚舉新的\(d'\)

\[ Ans(n) = \sum_{k|n} g(k) \sum_{d|\frac{n}{k}} h(k d) \mu(d) \]

以前咱們發現\(h\)函數有比較好的性質，這裏彷佛能夠直接把\(d\)提出來。分析一下不難發現，只有當\(d\)是偶數且\(k\)是奇數是不能直接提。由於一個奇數不會有偶數因子，那麼\(\frac{n}{k}\)必定是偶數

此時把式子中的\(k\)提出來，考慮一下\(k\sum_{d|\frac{n}{k}} h(d)\mu(d)\)的值，打一下表能夠發現值老是\(0\)，由於\(2\)這個因子使得\(mu\)爲\(\pm 1\)的項消掉了

那麼在計算這時候直接把這種狀況判掉就能夠

原式變爲

\[ Ans(n) = \sum_{k|n} g(k)h(k) \sum_{d|\frac{n}{k}} d\mu(d) \]

而後直接對\(n\)進行Pollard-Rho分解，分解的同時能夠求出後面的值，拿個map存一下。

而後dfs枚舉約數直接算就好了

複雜度玄學，可是出題人把\(n\)出到\(10^{18}\)也只能這麼幹。。

#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
#define fi first
#define se second
#define int long long 
#define LL long long
#define pb push_back  
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 1e6 + 10;
const LL INF = 1e18 + 10;
int mod;
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmin(A &a, B b){if(a > b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmax(A &a, B b){if(a < b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline LL add(A x, B y) {if(x + y < 0) return x + y + mod; return x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline void add2(A &x, B y) {if(x + y < 0) x = x + y + mod; else x = (x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y);}
LL mul(LL a, LL b, int mod = mod) {
    //a %= mod, b %= mod;
    return ((a * b - (LL)((LL)((long double)a / mod * b + 1e-3) * mod)) % mod + mod) % mod;
}
int fp(int a, int p, int mod = mod) {
    int base = 1;
    while(p) {
        if(p & 1) base = mul(base, a, mod);
        a = mul(a, a, mod); p >>= 1;
    }
    return base;
}
inline int read() {
    char c = getchar(); int x = 0, f = 1;
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {if(c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar();}
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();
    return x * f;
}
int N, K;
int st, ans;
vector<int> ds;
unordered_map<LL, LL> t, vds;
const int Tn = 9;
int Cbase[11] = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23};
bool CheckP(int p) {
    if(p == 1) return 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < Tn; i++) if(p == Cbase[i]) return 1;
    for(int id = 0; id < Tn; id++) {
        int v = Cbase[id];
        int lim = 0, t = p - 1, pre = 1;
        while(t && (!(t & 1))) lim++, t>>= 1; t = fp(v, t, p);
        while(lim--) {
            t = mul(t, t, p);
            if(t == 1 && (pre != p - 1 && pre != 1)) return 0;
            pre = t;
        }
        if(t != 1) return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

int rnd() {
    return rand();
}
int gcd(int a, int b) {
    return (!b) ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
}
int rd(int base, int mod) {
    return (mul(base, base, mod) + st) % mod;
}
int myabs(int x, int y) {
    return (x > y) ? x - y : y - x;
}

void Rho(int x) {
    if(x == 1) return ;
    if(CheckP(x)) {
        vds[x]++;
        return ;
    }
    while(1) {
        st = rand() % x + 1;
        int v1 = rnd() % x + 1, g = gcd(x, v1);
        if(g != 1 && g != x) {Rho(g); Rho(x / g); return ;}
        int v2 = v1; v1 = rd(v1, x);
        for(int k = 0, tr = 1; v1 - v2; v1 = rd(v1, x), k++) {
            g = gcd(x, myabs(v1, v2));
            if(g != 1 && g != x) {Rho(g); Rho(x / g); return ;}
            if(k == tr) {v2 = v1; tr <<= 1;}
        }
    }
}
void Clear() {
    ds.clear(); 
    vds.clear();
    ans = 0;
}
int g(int x) {
    return fp(K, (x + 1) / 2);
}
int h(int x) {
    return (x & 1) ? x : x / 2;
}

void dfs(int n, int num, int cur, unordered_map<LL, LL>::iterator now) {
    if(now == vds.end()) {
        ds.pb(num);
        t[num] = cur;
        return ;
    }
    int nn = now->se, vv = now->fi, vvd = (1 - now->fi), nv = vv, nvd = vvd; auto nxt = ++now;
    dfs(n + 1, num, cur, nxt);
    for(int i = 1; i <= nn; i++) {
        dfs(n + 1, num * nv, cur * vvd, nxt);
        nv *= vv; nvd *= vvd;
    }
}
void print(int x) {
    if(x > 9) print(x / 10);
    putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
void solve() {
    Clear();
    N = read(); K = read(); mod = read(); K %= mod;
    Rho(N);
    dfs(0, 1, 1, vds.begin());
    for(auto &num: ds) {
        if((num & 1) && (!((N / num) & 1))) continue;
        add2(ans, mul(g(num), mul(h(num), t[N / num])));    
    }
    print(ans); putchar('\n');
}
signed main() {
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
    freopen("a.in", "r", stdin);
#endif
    srand(20020113);
    for(int T = read(); T--; solve());
    return 0;
}

舊式題

我實在不想照着題解抄一遍公式了qwq

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define Pair pair<int, int>
#define MP make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second 
#define LL long long 

const int MAXN = 2e5 + 10, mod = 1e9 + 7;
using namespace std;
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmin(A &a, B b){if(a > b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmax(A &a, B b){if(a < b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline LL add(A x, B y) {if(x + y < 0) return x + y + mod; return x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline void add2(A &x, B y) {if(x + y < 0) x = x + y + mod; else x = (x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y);}
template <typename A, typename B> inline LL mul(A x, B y) {return 1ll * x * y % mod;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline void mul2(A &x, B y) {x = (1ll * x * y % mod + mod) % mod;}
inline int read() {
    char c = getchar(); int x = 0, f = 1;
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {if(c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar();}
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();
    return x * f;
}
int mu[MAXN], prime[MAXN], vis[MAXN], tot, A, B, C, num, deg[MAXN];
int fa[MAXN], fb[MAXN], fc[MAXN];
vector<LL> di[MAXN];
vector<Pair> v[MAXN];//每一個數的質因數分解 
struct Edge {
    LL u, v, w;
}E[MAXN * 10];
void GetPrime(int N) {
    vis[1] = 1; mu[1] = 1;
    for(int i = 2; i <= N; i++) {
        if(!vis[i]) prime[++tot] = i, mu[i] = -1;
        for(int j = 1; j <= tot && i * prime[j] <= N; j++) {
            vis[i * prime[j]] = 1;
            if(i % prime[j]) mu[i * prime[j]] = -mu[i];
            else {mu[i * prime[j]] = 0; break;}
        }
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= tot; i++) 
        for(int j = 1; j * prime[i] <= N; j++) 
            di[j * prime[i]].push_back(prime[i]);
        
}

void Get(int *a, int N, int X) {
    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        for(int j = i; j <= N; j += i) a[i] += X / j;
}
LL lcm(int a, int b) {
    return 1ll * a / __gcd(a, b) * b;
}
void init() {
    memset(fa, 0, sizeof(fa));
    memset(fb, 0, sizeof(fb));
    memset(fc, 0, sizeof(fc));
    memset(deg, 0, sizeof(deg));
    num = 0;
    for(int i = 1; i <= A; i++) v[i].clear();
}
void Build() {
    for(int w = 1; w <= A; w++) {//lcm(u, v) = w;
        if(!mu[w]) continue;
        int n = di[w].size();
        //for(auto x : di[w]) printf("%d ", x); puts("");
        for(int sta = 0; sta < (1 << n); sta++) {
            LL i = 1;
            for(int b = 0; b < n; b++) 
                if(sta >> b & 1) i *= di[w][b];
            for(int s = sta; ; s = sta & (s - 1)) {//tag
                LL g = 1;
                for(int b = 0; b < n; b++) 
                    if(s >> b & 1) 
                        g *= di[w][b];
                int j = w * g / i; 
                if(i < j) E[++num] = {i, j, w};// printf("%d\n", num);
                if(!s) break;
            }
        }
    }
}

LL fuck(int x, int y, int w) {
    if(mu[x] == 1) 
        return add(add(mul(mul(fa[w], fb[w]), fc[y]), mul(mul(fa[w], fb[y]), fc[w])), mul(mul(fa[y], fb[w]), fc[w]));
    else 
        return (-add(add(mul(mul(fa[w], fb[w]), fc[y]), mul(mul(fa[w], fb[y]), fc[w])), mul(mul(fa[y], fb[w]), fc[w])) + mod) % mod;
}

LL calc() {
//  for(int i = 1; i <= A; i++) for(auto &x : v[i])printf("%d %d %d\n", i, x.fi, x.se);
    for(int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
        int x = E[i].u, y = E[i].v;
        if(deg[x] > deg[y]) swap(x, y);
        v[y].push_back(MP(x, E[i].w));
    }
    LL ans = 0;
    for(int a = 1; a <= A; a++) {
        for(auto &t1 : v[a]) {
            LL b = t1.fi, w1 = t1.se;
            for(auto &t2 : v[b]) {
                LL c = t2.fi, w2 = t2.se, xi = mu[a] * mu[b] * mu[c];
                LL w3 = lcm(a, c);
                if(w3 > A) continue;
                if(xi == 1) {
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(fa[w1], fb[w2]), fc[w3]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(fa[w1], fb[w3]), fc[w2]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(fa[w2], fb[w1]), fc[w3]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(fa[w2], fb[w3]), fc[w1]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(fa[w3], fb[w1]), fc[w2]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(fa[w3], fb[w2]), fc[w1]));
                } else if(xi == -1) {
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(-fa[w1], fb[w2]), fc[w3]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(-fa[w1], fb[w3]), fc[w2]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(-fa[w2], fb[w1]), fc[w3]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(-fa[w2], fb[w3]), fc[w1]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(-fa[w3], fb[w1]), fc[w2]));
                    add2(ans, mul(mul(-fa[w3], fb[w2]), fc[w1]));                   
                }
            //  cout << ans << endl;
            }
        }
    }

    for(int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {//有兩個同樣 
        add2(ans, fuck(E[i].u, E[i].v, E[i].w));
        add2(ans, fuck(E[i].v, E[i].u, E[i].w));
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= C; i++) {//全都同樣 
        if(mu[i] == 1) add2(ans, mul(mul(fa[i], fb[i]), fc[i]));
        else if(mu[i] == -1) add2(ans, -mul(mul(fa[i], fb[i]), fc[i]) + mod);
    }
        
    return ans;
}
void solve() {
    init();
    A = read(); B = read(); C = read();
    if(A < B) swap(A, B); if(C > B) swap(B, C); if(A < B) swap(A, B); 
    Get(fa, A, A); Get(fb, A, B); Get(fc, A, C);    
    Build();
    cout << calc() << '\n';
}
signed main() {
    GetPrime(2e5);
    for(int T = read(); T; T--, solve());
    return 0;
}

榮譽稱號

每一個位置\(x\)向\(\frac{x}{2}\)連邊最終會獲得一棵徹底二叉樹

題目轉化爲：給出一個有點權的樹，對於每一個點能夠花費\(b_i\)的代價使點權增長\(1\)，問使得全部長度爲\(k + 1\)的鏈的點權和\(\% M\)均爲\(0\)的最小花費

首先考慮序列的狀況，稍加概括後不可貴到\(a_i \equiv a_{i + K + 1} \pmod M\)

放到樹上話那麼最終一個點的權值必定和它的\(K+1\)級祖先相同，所以對於前\(2^{k}\)個點，咱們\(O(nm)\)預處理出\(w[x][y]\)表示\(x\)的點爲\(y\)時，全部能被它限制的點的代價

如今只須要考慮前\(2^{k+1}-1\)個點，首先把標號\(< 2^k\)的葉子節點刪掉，對於剩下的點的限制條件變爲全部葉子節點到根的路徑和\(\% M =0\)。那麼設\(f[i][j]\)表示以\(i\)爲根的子樹，到全部葉子節點的權值\(\%M = j\)的最小代價，轉移的時候暴力枚舉該點的取值。

複雜度\(O(nm + 2^k m^2)\)能夠拿到70分

考慮\(w\)的預處理，std在這裏用了一個等差數列，實際上不用這麼麻煩，由於\(a[i]\)取值只有\(200\)，直接對值域暴力就行

複雜度\(O(n + 2^k m^2)\)

#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
#define Pair pair<int, int>
#define MP(x, y) make_pair(x, y)
#define fi first
#define se second
//#define int long long 
#define LL long long
#define pb push_back  
#define Fin(x) {freopen(#x".in","r",stdin);}
#define Fout(x) {freopen(#x".out","w",stdout);}
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 1e7 + 10, mod = 1e9 + 7;
const LL INF = 1e18 + 10;
const double eps = 1e-9;
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmin(A &a, B b){if(a > b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline bool chmax(A &a, B b){if(a < b) {a = b; return 1;} return 0;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline LL add(A x, B y) {if(x + y < 0) return x + y + mod; return x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline void add2(A &x, B y) {if(x + y < 0) x = x + y + mod; else x = (x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y);}
template <typename A, typename B> inline LL mul(A x, B y) {return 1ll * x * y % mod;}
template <typename A, typename B> inline void mul2(A &x, B y) {x = (1ll * x * y % mod + mod) % mod;}
template <typename A> inline void debug(A a){cout << a << '\n';}
template <typename A> inline LL sqr(A x){return 1ll * x * x;}
inline int read() {
    char c = getchar(); int x = 0, f = 1;
    while(c < '0' || c > '9') {if(c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar();}
    while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();
    return x * f;
}
int ch(int x, int l, int r) {
    return x >= l && x <= r;
}
int N, K, M, P, a[MAXN], mx[MAXN], n, jump, fa[MAXN], b[MAXN];
vector<int> bel[MAXN];
unsigned int SA, SB, SC;int p, A, B;
unsigned int rng61(){
    SA ^= SA << 16;
    SA ^= SA >> 5;
    SA ^= SA << 1;
    unsigned int t = SA;
    SA = SB;
    SB = SC;
    SC ^= t ^ SA;
    return SC;
}
void gen(){
    N = read(); K = read(); M = read(); P = read(); SA = read(); SB = read(); SC = read(); A = read(); B = read();
    for(int i = 1; i <= P; i++) a[i] = read() % M, b[i] = read();
    for(int i = P + 1; i <= N; i++){
        a[i] = rng61() % A + 1;
        a[i] %= M;
        b[i] = rng61() % B + 1;
    }
}

LL w[(1 << 12) - 1][201];//w[i][j] 當i爲j時，全部受i限制的點的代價 
LL f[(1 << 12) - 1][201], num[211];

void dfs(int x, int dep) {
    mx[x] = dep;
    if(dep > K + 1) bel[fa[x]].pb(x);
    int base = 2 * x;
    for(int i = 0; i <= 1; i++) {
        int to = 2 * x + i; if(to > N) continue;
        dfs(to, dep + 1);
        chmax(mx[x], mx[to]);
    }
}
LL get(int val, LL target, LL inc) {//在%M意義下把val變爲target的最小花費 
    if(target >= val) return 1l * (target - val) * inc;
    return 1ll * ((M - val) + target) * inc;
}
void dfs2(int x) {
    if(x > n || mx[x] <= K) return ;
    if(x >= (1 << K)) {//葉節點 
        for(int i = 0; i < M; i++) f[x][i] = w[x][i];
        return ;
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) if(2 * x + i <= n) dfs2(2 * x + i);
    for(int i = 0; i < M; i++) {//與葉子節點的路徑和%M = j 
        f[x][i] = INF;
        for(int j = 0; j < M; j++) {//該節點的增量
            LL sv = 0;
            for(int gg = 0; gg < 2; gg++) {
                int to = 2 * x + gg;
                if(to <= n) 
                sv += f[to][(i - a[x] - j + 2 * M) % M];
            }
            chmin(f[x][i], sv + w[x][(a[x] + j) % M]);
        }
    }
}

void solve() {
    gen();
    memset(f, 0, sizeof(f));
    memset(w, 0, sizeof(w));
    jump = 1; n = (1 << (K + 1)) - 1;
    for(int i = 1; i <= K + 1; i++) jump *= 2;
    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
     bel[i].clear();
    }

    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++) fa[i] = (i <= n ? i : fa[i / jump]);
    dfs(1, 1);

    for(int i = 1; i < (1 << (K + 1)); i++) {
        memset(num, 0, sizeof(num));
        for(auto &son: bel[i]) num[a[son]] += b[son];
        for(int j = 0; j < M; j++) {
            w[i][j] += get(a[i], j, b[i]);
            for(int k = 0; k < M; k++) w[i][j] += get(k, j, num[k]);
        }
    }
    dfs2(1);
    cout << f[1][0] << '\n';
}
signed main() {
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
    freopen("title-task3.in", "r", stdin);
#endif
    for(int T = read(); T--; solve());
    return 0;
}