requests庫

requests庫介紹：

Requests是一個優雅而簡單的Python HTTP庫，專爲人類而構建。（來自官方的介紹）html

requests是一個很實用的Python HTTP客戶端庫，編寫爬蟲和測試服務器響應數據時常常會用到，對測試來講作接口測試會很方便。node

request庫使用

requests庫安裝：

requests是第三方的庫，須要先安裝：pip3 install requests(python3版本)python

requests源碼

 1 def request(method, url, **kwargs):  2     """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.  3 
 4  :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.  5  :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.  6  :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send  7  in the query string for the :class:`Request`.  8  :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like  9  object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. 10  :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. 11  :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`. 12  :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`. 13  :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload. 14  ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')`` 15  or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string 16  defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers 17  to add for the file. 18  :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth. 19  :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data 20  before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read 21  timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. 22  :type timeout: float or tuple 23  :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``. 24  :type allow_redirects: bool 25  :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy. 26  :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify 27  the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path 28  to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``. 29  :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded. 30  :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair. 31  :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object 32  :rtype: requests.Response 33 
34  Usage:: 35 
36  >>> import requests 37  >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get') 38  <Response [200]> 39     """
40 
41     # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
42     # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
43     # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
44  with sessions.Session() as session: 45         return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)

View Code

其中，month主要是用get和postweb

requests模塊發送請求有data、json、params三種攜帶參數的方法。json

params在get請求中使用，data、json在post請求中使用。api

'''
requests--get方法
r=requests.get('https://movie.douban.com/')
print(r.status_code)    #查看狀態碼
print(r.text)   #查看響應內容
print(r.content.decode('utf-8'))    #查看字節流(二進制)
print(r.url)    #查看請求地址
print(r.encoding)   #查看字符編碼
print(r.cookies)    #查看cookie
print(r.headers)    #查看請求頭信息
# 當返回的響應格式是json時，能夠用r.json())

# 這裏有兩種方式，一種是直接用請求地址，另外一種是用參數的方式傳遞parames
url='https://movie.douban.com/subject_search?search_text=%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92&cat=1002'
url1='https://movie.douban.com/subject_search?search_text=哪吒&cat=1002'
paydata={'search_text':'哪吒','cat':1002}
r=requests.get(url1,params=paydata)
'''

post方法：安全

def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a POST request. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object :rtype: requests.Response """

    return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)

url='https://testyyfax8511.yylending.com/' login_heades={ 'Referer': 'https://testyyfax8511.yylending.com/web/login.html?_z=/web/user/index.html', 'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36'} login_data={ 'account':'18885110001', 'password':'204Ofz2Lrfyng'} test_login=requests.post(url+'node_api/user.do?fn=login',headers=login_heades,data=login_data) print(test_login.text) print(json.dumps(test_login.json(),indent=True,ensure_ascii=False))

當請求參數爲form表單是，用data；當請求參數爲josn格式時，用json；服務器

當響應格式是json時，用json查看會更合適（查看響應字段的時候，用json取值更方便）cookie

request中超時狀況的處理

#客戶端發送到服務端的請求，當服務端響應的時間比較長是，能夠加上等待時間
r=requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',timeout=6)

requests中安全證書的處理思路

當請求須要安全證書的時候，能夠經過忽略安全證書的方式處理或者帶上安全證書的路徑，推薦用忽略的方式。session

r=requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',verify=False)

requests中cookie的處理

第一種方法是直接在請求中帶上具體的cookie的值；

第二種方法，能夠寫一個方法，返回登陸後的cookie，而後在須要cookies的接口中帶上

requests中對token的處理

處理方法同cookie是同樣的思路

requests對session會話對象的處理？？

session，保存了客戶端與服務器之間的通訊信息。可以跨請求保持某些參數，好比它會在同一個session實例發出的全部請求之間保持cookie

Python接口自動化