得到當前日期+時間(date + time)函數:now()mysql
mysql> select now();+---------------------+| now() |+---------------------+| 2008-08-08 22:20:46 |+---------------------+
得到當前日期+時間(date + time)函數:sysdate()
sysdate() 日期時間函數跟 now() 相似,不一樣之處在於:now() 在執行開始時值就獲得了, sysdate() 在函數執行時動態獲得值。看下面的例子就明白了:sql
mysql> select now(), sleep(3), now();+---------------------+----------+---------------------+| now() | sleep(3) | now() |+---------------------+----------+---------------------+| 2008-08-08 22:28:21 | 0 | 2008-08-08 22:28:21 |+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
sysdate() 日期時間函數,通常狀況下不多用到。ide
MySQL 得到當前時間戳函數:current_timestamp, current_timestamp()函數
mysql> select current_timestamp, current_timestamp();+---------------------+---------------------+| current_timestamp | current_timestamp() |+---------------------+---------------------+| 2008-08-09 23:22:24 | 2008-08-09 23:22:24 |+---------------------+---------------------+
MySQL Date/Time to Str(日期/時間轉換爲字符串)函數:date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format)spa
mysql> select date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s');+----------------------------------------------------+| date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s') |+----------------------------------------------------+| 20080808222301 |+----------------------------------------------------+
MySQL 日期、時間轉換函數:date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format) 可以把一個日期/時間轉換成各類各樣的字符串格式。它是 str_to_date(str,format) 函數的 一個逆轉換。unix
MySQL Str to Date (字符串轉換爲日期)函數:str_to_date(str, format)code
select str_to_date('08/09/2008', '%m/%d/%Y'); -- 2008-08-09select str_to_date('08/09/08' , '%m/%d/%y'); -- 2008-08-09select str_to_date('08.09.2008', '%m.%d.%Y'); -- 2008-08-09select str_to_date('08:09:30', '%h:%i:%s'); -- 08:09:30select str_to_date('08.09.2008 08:09:30', '%m.%d.%Y %h:%i:%s'); -- 2008-08-09 08:09:30
能夠看到,str_to_date(str,format) 轉換函數,能夠把一些雜亂無章的字符串轉換爲日期格式。另外,它也能夠轉換爲時間。「format」 能夠參看 MySQL 手冊。orm
MySQL (日期、天數)轉換函數:to_days(date), from_days(days)
blog
select to_days('0000-00-00'); -- 0select to_days('2008-08-08'); -- 733627
MySQL (時間、秒)轉換函數:time_to_sec(time), sec_to_time(seconds)字符串
select time_to_sec('01:00:05'); -- 3605select sec_to_time(3605); -- '01:00:05'
MySQL 拼湊日期、時間函數:makdedate(year,dayofyear), maketime(hour,minute,second)
select makedate(2001,31); -- '2001-01-31'select makedate(2001,32); -- '2001-02-01'select maketime(12,15,30); -- '12:15:30'
MySQL (Unix 時間戳、日期)轉換函數
unix_timestamp(), unix_timestamp(date), from_unixtime(unix_timestamp), from_unixtime(unix_timestamp,format)
下面是示例:
select unix_timestamp(); -- 1218290027select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 1218124800select unix_timestamp('2008-08-08 12:30:00'); -- 1218169800select from_unixtime(1218290027); -- '2008-08-09 21:53:47'select from_unixtime(1218124800); -- '2008-08-08 00:00:00'select from_unixtime(1218169800); -- '2008-08-08 12:30:00'select from_unixtime(1218169800, '%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x'); -- '2008 8th August 12:30:00 2008'
MySQL 爲日期增長一個時間間隔:date_add()
set @dt = now();select date_add(@dt, interval 1 day); -- add 1 dayselect date_add(@dt, interval 1 hour); -- add 1 hourselect date_add(@dt, interval 1 minute); -- ...select date_add(@dt, interval 1 second);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 microsecond);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 week);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 month);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 quarter);select date_add(@dt, interval 1 year);select date_add(@dt, interval -1 day); -- sub 1 day
MySQL adddate(), addtime()函數,能夠用 date_add() 來替代。下面是 date_add() 實現 addtime() 功能示例:
mysql> set @dt = '2008-08-09 12:12:33'; mysql>mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second);+------------------------------------------------+| date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second) |+------------------------------------------------+| 2008-08-09 13:28:03 |+------------------------------------------------+mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second);+-------------------------------------------------+| date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second) |+-------------------------------------------------+| 2008-08-10 13:28:03 |+-------------------------------------------------+
MySQL 爲日期減去一個時間間隔:date_sub()
mysql> select date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second);+----------------------------------------------------------------+| date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second) |+----------------------------------------------------------------+| 1997-12-30 22:58:59 |+----------------------------------------------------------------+
MySQL date_sub() 日期時間函數 和 date_add() 用法一致,再也不贅述。
MySQL 日期、時間相減函數:datediff(date1,date2), timediff(time1,time2)
MySQL datediff(date1,date2):兩個日期相減 date1 - date2,返回天數。select datediff('2008-08-08', '2008-08-01'); -- 7select datediff('2008-08-01', '2008-08-08'); -- -7
MySQL timediff(time1,time2):兩個日期相減 time1 - time2,返回 time 差值。
select timediff('2008-08-08 08:08:08', '2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08select timediff('08:08:08', '00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08
注意:timediff(time1,time2) 函數的兩個參數類型必須相同。
MySQL 時間戳(timestamp)轉換、增、減函數:
timestamp(date) -- date to timestamptimestamp(dt,time) -- dt + timetimestampadd(unit,interval,datetime_expr) --timestampdiff(unit,datetime_expr1,datetime_expr2) --
請看示例部分:
select timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 2008-08-08 00:00:00select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-08 09:01:01select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '10 01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-18 09:01:01select timestampadd(day, 1, '2008-08-08 08:00:00'); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00select date_add('2008-08-08 08:00:00', interval 1 day); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00MySQL timestampadd() 函數相似於 date_add()。select timestampdiff(year,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -1select timestampdiff(day ,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -485select timestampdiff(hour,'2008-08-08 12:00:00','2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- -12select datediff('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '2008-08-01 00:00:00'); -- 7
MySQL timestampdiff() 函數就比 datediff() 功能強多了,datediff() 只能計算兩個日期(date)之間相差的天數。
convert_tz(dt,from_tz,to_tz)select convert_tz('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '+08:00', '+00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
時區轉換也能夠經過 date_add, date_sub, timestampadd 來實現。
select date_add('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval -8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00select date_sub('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval 8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00select timestampadd(hour, -8, '2008-08-08 12:00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00