第一次進行課程學習,在反覆觀看視頻和查找字典翻譯理解後選出了視頻中我的認爲較重要的概念,如下並不按照逐句翻譯,中文歸納大意餘下自由發揮,對老師想要告訴咱們的歷史有一個初步的瞭解,順便鍛鍊如下英文閱讀理解能力......web
We're going to start at the dawn of electronic computing. I mean computing started, you know, early with abacuses and humans but, we're going to start with the moment that electronic computing, in particular because it was the moment when computing and communication were sort of co-born at the same time. And communication before the Internet became normal. Then early Internet research and then the Internet itself that was academia and then of course for went out into the real world. And then the web, which really took all this connectivity and made it easy to use for everybody. It's really what our view now of this network is, very much through the web. |
電子計算機的曙光:計算的開始源於早期的算盤和人力,咱們將從電子計算機出現之時開始提及,由於它是計算和通訊同時誕生的時刻,使得在互聯網出現前進行溝通變得很廣泛。早期的互聯網研究、互聯網自身、互聯網學術研究、最終到現實世界,是網絡最終真正實現了這些鏈接而且讓每一個人均可以輕鬆地使用。這就是咱們對如今網絡的真實見解,經過網絡。網絡
It is about Bletchley Park and there are many heroes at Bletchley Park. Of course this was a top-secret code breaking effort by the British government during World War II. World War II, I mean, if you think about it in history, perhaps there is no time in history quite like World War II. If you go back to, well what kind of technologies we were using in 1910 and 1920, to the technologies we were using in 1940, it's an amazing difference, you know, jet airplanes, radio, radar, so many things were invented and made usable and made production quality during that period of time. |
布萊切利公園:布萊切利公園有不少英雄,關於英國政府在第二次世界大戰期間破解的絕密代碼。若是你從歷史上考慮第二次世界大戰,不論是噴氣式飛機、無線電仍是雷達的出現,都讓1920年到1940年發生了不可預知的巨大改變。固然,戰爭是可怕的,但它確實致使政府擔憂而且投入巨資用於科研。所以,從某種意義上說,即便戰爭是一件可怕的事情,不能否認咱們仍是從中受益了。electron
a key technology was building codes and code-making machines. A good example of this was the Enigma made by Germany, which is we'll talk about these in the last part, the very last part of the class, in the security part of the class, how these codes and ciphers work. But they scramble material in a way that's generally unintelligible. And, of course, the really bright folks at Bletchley Park, Alan Turing, one of many really bright people at Bletchley Park used, you know, mathematics to, to say, you know, these codes may be more, more crackable than we think. There was folks from Poland who also informed the, them, to say, look, let's show what we did to crack it. Right before Poland was involved, they were working heavily on the mathematics of cracking. And so then they built these machines. |
Enigma(加密電子機械名):一種關於構建代碼和代碼製做的機器,布萊切利公園裏真正聰明的人,包括阿蘭.圖靈,在波蘭捲入戰爭以前就開始大力開展數學研究,並創建了這些機器。ide
And so, in this video that I'm about to show you, it's really, what I tried to do is, I tried to contrast the two machines. And one is an extremely fast mechanical computer, with relays and switches and things that spin and gears that move back and forth. That's a very physical computer that's that's looking for patterns. 工具 So the BOMBE was a powerful mechanical computer. The Colossus was a powerful electronic computer.學習 |
Bombe(炸彈):二戰時期用於密碼破譯的機械計算機flex
Colossus(巨人):二戰時期用於密碼破譯的電子計算機ui
今天,咱們在布萊切利公園慶祝艾倫·圖靈100歲生日。布萊切利公園位於倫敦北部,劍橋和牛津之間,被許多人認爲是現代計算機科學的發源地。在當時首相丘吉爾的幫助下,布萊切利公園得以成功創建,並在二戰中的密碼破譯工做作出了突出的貢獻。this
當時的德國人研製出了一個機器,一個被更多人叫作Enigma的機器——一種獨特的加密機器,它是經過商用版本改制的,它讓德軍得以加密信息。Enigma成爲了運行的通訊工具傳送很是短小的200,250字符信息。它的出現引領了一場前所未見的戰爭,後來被稱做閃電戰。閃電戰的動做很是快,一天50英里,特別是他們入侵法國的時候和他們侵略波蘭的後半程。你沒有辦法使用固定線纜的通信方式。你須要用無線電通信,這裏有一個設備可移動的,大約重25磅,用電池驅動。你能夠用它來加密信息而後在一個分離的過程當中,這新信息能夠被經過當時新穎的無線電技術傳送。 編碼
自1944年以前的幾年發現了一種新的加密消息的方式,這種方式在德國使用,傳輸的是希特勒和他的將軍們之間的高層信息。這些信息是由名爲Lorenz的機器加密的,它用電傳打字機傳輸,電傳打字機編碼發送那些信息。到了43年,須要花費六個星期靠人力辛苦地破解這些信息,等到那時信息早已失去了價值,因此過程須要加速。
視頻結尾遺憾地說道:圖靈悲慘地在1954年自殺了,這或許是整個世界的一大悲慘損失吧,聯想到了以前我看過的一部卷福演的電影《模仿遊戲》,影片改編自安德魯·霍奇斯編著的傳記《艾倫·圖靈傳》,講述了「計算機科學之父」艾倫·圖靈的傳奇人生,故事主要聚焦於圖靈協助盟軍破譯德國密碼系統「英格瑪」,從而扭轉二戰戰局的經歷。背後的機器應該就是Bombe機,學習完課程後我又抽空重觀了一遍影片,對當時的背景和艾倫·圖靈的傳奇經歷又有了不同的感悟和理解。
視頻以展現Michigan終端系統的使用做爲開頭,Michigan終端系統是密歇根大學計算中心的一個大型計算系統,使用的是IBM 36067型,視頻全長半小時左右,幾乎全在介紹Michigan終端系統的使用方法及技巧,詞彙的難度十分不友好,光是翻譯看懂就花了好幾個小時.......@#¥%
課程學習結束之後有一個測驗,這是很好地吸取學習的知識和檢驗學習成果的機會。
花了大概二十分鐘作完了題目(大部分時間都在翻譯了),題目不難,比較順利經過了測驗。
經過第一週的學習,瞭解了許多戰時及戰後計算機的發展軌跡,從Enigma到Bombe最後到Colossus,雖然戰爭很殘酷,但同時也促進了科技的進步,密碼破譯的機器也奠基了現代計算機的雛形,能夠說是聚集了包括圖靈在內的幾代傑出科學家的畢生心血,看完感悟頗深。