【Matplotlib】 標註細節注意

相關文檔：

• Artists

• BBox

因爲藍線和紅線的存在，如今刻度標註很難看清楚。咱們能夠使他們更大，也能夠使它們的屬性以便使得線呈現半透明的白色背景。這樣作咱們既能夠看到數據也能夠看到刻度標註了。

相關的設置代碼：

...
for label in ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels():
    label.set_fontsize(16)
    label.set_bbox(dict(facecolor='white', edgecolor='None', alpha=0.65))
...

設置前圖像：

設置後圖像：

完整的代碼以下：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5), dpi=80)
plt.subplot(111)

X = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256, endpoint=True)
C, S = np.cos(X), np.sin(X)

plt.plot(X, C, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="cosine")
plt.plot(X, S, color="red", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-",  label="sine")

ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data', 0))

plt.xlim(X.min() * 1.1, X.max() * 1.1)
plt.xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi / 2, 0, np.pi / 2, np.pi],
          [r'$-\pi$', r'$-\pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$+\pi/2$', r'$+\pi$'])

plt.ylim(C.min() * 1.1, C.max() * 1.1)
plt.yticks([-1, 1],
          [r'$-1$', r'$+1$'])

plt.legend(loc='upper left')

t = 2*np.pi/3
plt.plot([t, t], [0, np.cos(t)],
        color='blue', linewidth=1.5, linestyle="--")
plt.scatter([t, ], [np.cos(t), ], 50, color='blue')
plt.annotate(r'$sin(\frac{2\pi}{3})=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$',
            xy=(t, np.sin(t)), xycoords='data',
            xytext=(10, 30), textcoords='offset points', fontsize=16,
            arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="arc3,rad=.2"))

plt.plot([t, t], [0, np.sin(t)],
        color='red', linewidth=1.5, linestyle="--")
plt.scatter([t, ], [np.sin(t), ], 50, color ='red')
plt.annotate(r'$cos(\frac{2\pi}{3})=-\frac{1}{2}$', xy=(t, np.cos(t)),
            xycoords='data', xytext=(-90, -50),
            textcoords='offset points', fontsize=16,
            arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", connectionstyle="arc3,rad=.2"))

for label in ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels():
    label.set_fontsize(16)
    label.set_bbox(dict(facecolor='white', edgecolor='None', alpha=0.65 ))

plt.show()