爬蟲學習筆記

PI:\> 開個新貼把，學過的在這裏記錄下。方便查找。

 

10月31日： python3網絡爬蟲一《使用urllib.request發送請求》

知識點1： http://httpbin.org 一個不錯的網站能夠用來測試

知識點2： 文中代碼輸出 含不少 /n ，緣由是response.read()返回的byte類型，不是字符串類型。因此\n沒有自動打印成換行。 用 .decode('utf-8')方法，轉很字符串，獲得正確結果。

import urllib.parse

data = bytes(urllib.parse.urlencode({'word': 'hello'}), encoding='utf8')
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data)
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

 

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11月2日： 利用urllib.urlopen向有道翻譯發送數據得到翻譯結果

睡覺，明天有時間繼續，開個頭,mark

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11月5日：python 網絡爬蟲實戰 

這書裏2017年1月1日出版的，裏面的代碼仍是，2.X的，經常使用的  userAgents.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'hstking hstking@hotmail.com'

pcUserAgent = {
"safari 5.1 – MAC":"User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
"safari 5.1 – Windows":"User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
"IE 9.0":"User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0);",
"IE 8.0":"User-Agent:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)",
"IE 7.0":"User-Agent:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)",
"IE 6.0":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
"Firefox 4.0.1 – MAC":"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
"Firefox 4.0.1 – Windows":"User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
"Opera 11.11 – MAC":"User-Agent:Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
"Opera 11.11 – Windows":"User-Agent:Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
"Chrome 17.0 – MAC":"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
"Maxthon":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)",
"Tencent TT":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)",
"The World 2.x":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
"The World 3.x":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)",
"sogou 1.x":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
"360":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
"Avant":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)",
"Green Browser":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)"
}

mobileUserAgent = {
"iOS 4.33 – iPhone":"User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
"iOS 4.33 – iPod Touch":"User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
"iOS 4.33 – iPad":"User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
"Android N1":"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",
"Android QQ":"User-Agent: MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",
"Android Opera ":"User-Agent: Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10",
"Android Pad Moto Xoom":"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13",
"BlackBerry":"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+",
"WebOS HP Touchpad":"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (hp-tablet; Linux; hpwOS/3.0.0; U; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) wOSBrowser/233.70 Safari/534.6 TouchPad/1.0",
"Nokia N97":"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (SymbianOS/9.4; Series60/5.0 NokiaN97-1/20.0.019; Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1) AppleWebKit/525 (KHTML, like Gecko) BrowserNG/7.1.18124",
"Windows Phone Mango":"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)",
"UC":"User-Agent: UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
"UC standard":"User-Agent: NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
"UCOpenwave":"User-Agent: Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
"UC Opera":"User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999"
}

寫文件時，要修改這兩處……。

        with open(fileName,'a', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
            fp.write("%s\n\n" %userAgent)
            fp.write(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

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11月27日

一小時入門 Python 3 網絡爬蟲

urllib庫是python內置的，無需咱們額外安裝，只要安裝了Python就能夠使用這個庫。

requests庫是第三方庫，須要咱們本身安裝。 requests庫強大好用，因此本文使用requests庫獲取網頁的HTML信息。requests庫的github地址：https://github.com/requests/requests

中文文檔 http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html

requests 庫的基礎方法

requests.request()  構造一個請求，支撐如下各方法的基礎方法
requests.get()      獲取HTML網頁的主要方法，對應於HTTP的GET
requests.head()     獲取HTML網頁頭信息的方法，對應於HTTP的HEAD
requests.post()     向HTML網頁提交POST請求的方法，對應於HTTP的POST
requests.put()        向HTML網頁提交PUT請求的方法，對應用HTTP的PUT
requests.patch()    向HTML網頁提交避部修改請求，對應於HTTP的PATCH
requests.delete()   向HTML頁面提交刪除請求，對應於HTTP的DELETE

beautifulsoup4 庫 http://beautifulsoup.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/

用於篩選數據。