在實際開發過程當中,咱們常常須要調用對方提供的接口或測試本身寫的接口是否合適。不少項目都會封裝規定好自己項目的接口規範,因此大多數須要去調用對方提供的接口或第三方接口(短信、天氣等)。html
在Java項目中調用第三方接口的方式有:java
①經過JDK網絡類Java.net.HttpURLConnection;git
②經過common封裝好的HttpClient;github
③經過Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient;web
④經過SpringBoot-RestTemplate;spring
比較原始的一種調用作法,這裏把get請求和post請求都統一放在一個方法裏面,直接上代碼:apache
import java.io.*; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; /** * @Author: Yang JianQiu * @Date: 2019/4/26 11:34 * jdk類HttpURLConnection調用第三方http接口 * * 一般分get和post兩種方式 * * 參考資料: * http://www.cnblogs.com/angusbao/p/7727649.html */ public class HttpUrlConnectionToInterface { /** * 以post或get方式調用對方接口方法, * @param pathUrl */ public static void doPostOrGet(String pathUrl, String data){ OutputStreamWriter out = null; BufferedReader br = null; String result = ""; try { URL url = new URL(pathUrl); //打開和url之間的鏈接 HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); //請求方式 conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); //conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); //設置通用的請求屬性 conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*"); conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive"); conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8"); //DoOutput設置是否向httpUrlConnection輸出,DoInput設置是否從httpUrlConnection讀入,此外發送post請求必須設置這兩個 conn.setDoOutput(true); conn.setDoInput(true); /** * 下面的三句代碼,就是調用第三方http接口 */ //獲取URLConnection對象對應的輸出流 out = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"); //發送請求參數即數據 out.write(data); //flush輸出流的緩衝 out.flush(); /** * 下面的代碼至關於,獲取調用第三方http接口後返回的結果 */ //獲取URLConnection對象對應的輸入流 InputStream is = conn.getInputStream(); //構造一個字符流緩存 br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); String str = ""; while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){ result += str; } System.out.println(result); //關閉流 is.close(); //斷開鏈接,disconnect是在底層tcp socket連接空閒時才切斷,若是正在被其餘線程使用就不切斷。 conn.disconnect(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { if (out != null){ out.close(); } if (br != null){ br.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { /** *手機信息查詢接口:http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=手機號 * http://api.showji.com/Locating/www.showji.com.aspx?m=手機號&output=json&callback=querycallback */ doPostOrGet("https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", ""); } }
httpClient的get或post請求方式步驟:json
導入以下jar包:api
<!--HttpClient--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId> <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> </dependency>
代碼以下:數組
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; /** * @Author: Yang JianQiu * @Date: 2019/4/28 11:07 * * HttpClient模擬get、post請求併發送請求參數(json等) * 【參考資料】 * https://javasam.iteye.com/blog/2117845 * https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28379809/article/details/82898792 */ public class HttpClientToInterface { /** * httpClient的get請求方式 * 使用GetMethod來訪問一個URL對應的網頁實現步驟: * 1.生成一個HttpClient對象並設置相應的參數; * 2.生成一個GetMethod對象並設置響應的參數; * 3.用HttpClient生成的對象來執行GetMethod生成的Get方法; * 4.處理響應狀態碼; * 5.若響應正常,處理HTTP響應內容; * 6.釋放鏈接。 * @param url * @param charset * @return */ public static String doGet(String url, String charset){ /** * 1.生成HttpClient對象並設置參數 */ HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); //設置Http鏈接超時爲5秒 httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000); /** * 2.生成GetMethod對象並設置參數 */ GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url); //設置get請求超時爲5秒 getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000); //設置請求重試處理,用的是默認的重試處理:請求三次 getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler()); String response = ""; /** * 3.執行HTTP GET 請求 */ try { int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod); /** * 4.判斷訪問的狀態碼 */ if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK){ System.err.println("請求出錯:" + getMethod.getStatusLine()); } /** * 5.處理HTTP響應內容 */ //HTTP響應頭部信息,這裏簡單打印 Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders(); for (Header h: headers){ System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue()); } //讀取HTTP響應內容,這裏簡單打印網頁內容 //讀取爲字節數組 byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody(); response = new String(responseBody, charset); System.out.println("-----------response:" + response); //讀取爲InputStream,在網頁內容數據量大時候推薦使用 //InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream(); } catch (HttpException e) { //發生致命的異常,多是協議不對或者返回的內容有問題 System.out.println("請檢查輸入的URL!"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e){ //發生網絡異常 System.out.println("發生網絡異常!"); }finally { /** * 6.釋放鏈接 */ getMethod.releaseConnection(); } return response; } /** * post請求 * @param url * @param json * @return */ public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){ HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url); postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*"); postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive"); //設置json格式傳送 postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8"); //必須設置下面這個Header postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36"); //添加請求參數 postMethod.addParameter("commentId", json.getString("commentId")); String res = ""; try { int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod); if (code == 200){ res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); System.out.println(res); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return res; } public static void main(String[] args) { doGet("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "UTF-8"); System.out.println("-----------分割線------------"); System.out.println("-----------分割線------------"); System.out.println("-----------分割線------------"); JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(); jsonObject.put("commentId", "13026194071"); doPost("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", jsonObject); } }
CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基礎上修改更新而來的,這裏還涉及到請求頭token的設置(請求驗證),利用fastjson轉換請求或返回結果字符串爲json格式,固然上面兩種方式也是能夠設置請求頭token、json的,這裏只在下面說明。
導入以下jar包:
<!--CloseableHttpClient--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.28</version> </dependency>
代碼以下:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.HttpStatus; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import java.io.IOException; /** * @Author: Yang JianQiu * @Date: 2019/4/26 11:41 * Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient * 【參考資料】 * https://www.cnblogs.com/siv8/p/6222709.html * https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35860138/article/details/82967727 */ public class CloseableHttpClientToInterface { private static String tokenString = ""; private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED"; private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null; /** * 以get方式調用第三方接口 * @param url * @return */ public static String doGet(String url, String token){ //建立HttpClient對象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url); try { if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){ tokenString = getToken(); } //api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭,用於token驗證使用 get.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString); get.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36"); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ //返回json格式 String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); return res; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * 以post方式調用第三方接口 * @param url * @param json * @return */ public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){ try { if (httpClient == null){ httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); } HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){ tokenString = getToken(); } //api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭,用於token驗證使用 post.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString); post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36"); StringEntity s = new StringEntity(json.toString()); s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8"); //發送json數據須要設置contentType s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); //設置請求參數 post.setEntity(s); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ //返回json格式 String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); return res; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if (httpClient != null){ try { httpClient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return null; } /** * 獲取第三方接口的token */ public static String getToken(){ String token = ""; JSONObject object = new JSONObject(); object.put("appid", "appid"); object.put("secretkey", "secretkey"); try { if (httpClient == null){ httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); } HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost/login"); post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36"); StringEntity s = new StringEntity(object.toString()); s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8"); //發送json數據須要設置contentType s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); //設置請求參數 post.setEntity(s); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); //這裏能夠把返回的結果按照自定義的返回數據結果,把string轉換成自定義類 //ResultTokenBO result = JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class); //把response轉爲jsonObject JSONObject result = JSONObject.parseObject(response); if (result.containsKey("token")){ token = result.getString("token"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return token; } /** * 測試 */ public static void test(String telephone){ JSONObject object = new JSONObject(); object.put("telephone", telephone); try { //首先獲取token tokenString = getToken(); String response = doPost("http://localhost/searchUrl", object); //若是返回的結果是list形式的,須要使用JSONObject.parseArray轉換 //List<Result> list = JSONObject.parseArray(response, Result.class); System.out.println(response); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { test("12345678910"); } }
springBoot-RestTemple是上面三種方式的集大成者,代碼編寫更加簡單,目前能夠採用的調用第三方接口有:
注意:目前標紅的爲經常使用的
首先導入springboot的web包
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <!--CloseableHttpClient--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency> <!--spring restTemplate--> <!-- @ConfigurationProperties annotation processing (metadata for IDEs) 生成spring-configuration-metadata.json類,須要引入此類--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
在啓動類同包下建立RestTemplateConfig.java類
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; /** * @Author: Yang JianQiu * @Date: 2019/4/28 14:01 */ @Configuration public class RestTemplateConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){ return new RestTemplate(factory); } @Bean public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){ SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(); factory.setConnectTimeout(15000); factory.setReadTimeout(5000); return factory; } }
而後在Service類(RestTemplateToInterface )中注入使用
具體代碼以下:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.swordfall.model.User; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.http.*; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; /** * @Author: Yang JianQiu * @Date: 2019/4/28 14:13 * * 【參考資料】 * https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15452971/article/details/79416469 * https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40461281/article/details/83540604 */ @Service public class RestTemplateToInterface { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; /** * 以get方式請求第三方http接口 getForEntity * @param url * @return */ public User doGetWith1(String url){ ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class); User user = responseEntity.getBody(); return user; } /** * 以get方式請求第三方http接口 getForObject * 返回值返回的是響應體,省去了咱們再去getBody() * @param url * @return */ public User doGetWith2(String url){ User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class); return user; } /** * 以post方式請求第三方http接口 postForEntity * @param url * @return */ public String doPostWith1(String url){ User user = new User("小白", 20); ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class); String body = responseEntity.getBody(); return body; } /** * 以post方式請求第三方http接口 postForEntity * @param url * @return */ public String doPostWith2(String url){ User user = new User("小白", 20); String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class); return body; } /** * exchange * @return */ public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){ //header參數 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); String token = "asdfaf2322"; headers.add("authorization", token); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); //放入body中的json參數 JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(); obj.put("age", age); obj.put("name", name); //組裝 HttpEntity<JSONObject> request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers); ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class); String body = responseEntity.getBody(); return body; } }
【github地址】
https://github.com/SwordfallYeung/JavaInvokingHttpInterface.git
【參考資料】
http://www.cnblogs.com/angusbao/p/7727649.html 純Java api HttpURLConnection
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-aoyzgrip-dx.html 純Java api HttpURLConnection
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-erqtyjxs-bd.html 封裝api HttpClient
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-tsxxnixw-ca.html
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-tuxzgoxy-dw.html 封裝api HttpClient
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-undzltcp-hk.html SpringBoot-RestTemplate