Android爲了使用同一張圖做爲不一樣數量文字的背景,設計了一種能夠指定區域拉伸的圖片格式「.9.png」,這種圖片格式就是點九圖。java
注意:這種圖片格式只能被使用於Android開發。在ios開發中,能夠在代碼中指定某個點進行拉伸,而在Android中不行,因此在Android中想要達到這個效果,只能使用點九圖(下文會啪啪打臉,實際上是能夠的,只是不多人這樣使用,兼容性不知道怎麼樣,點擊跳轉)android
點九圖的本質其實是在圖片的四周各增長了1px的像素,並使用純黑(#FF000000)的線進行標記,其它的與原圖沒有任何區別。能夠參考如下圖片:ios
標記位置 | 含義 |
---|---|
左-黑點 | 縱向拉伸區域 |
上-黑點 | 橫向拉伸區域 |
右-黑線 | 縱向顯示區域 |
下-黑線 | 橫向顯示區域 |
點九圖在 Android 中主要有三種應用方式程序員
第一種方式是咱們最經常使用的,直接調用 setBackgroundResource
或者 setImageResource
方法,這樣的話圖片及能夠作到自動拉伸。面試
而對於第二種或者第三種方式,若是咱們直接去加載 .9.png,你會發現圖片或者圖片背景根本沒法拉伸。納尼,這是爲甚麼呢。下面,且聽老衲慢慢道來。算法
Android 並非直接使用點九圖,而是在編譯時將其轉換爲另一種格式,這種格式是將其四周的黑色像素保存至Bitmap類中的一個名爲 mNinePatchChunk
的 byte[] 中,並抹除掉四周的這一個像素的寬度;接着在使用時,若是 Bitmap 的這個 mNinePatchChunk
不爲空,且爲 9patch chunk,則將其構造爲 NinePatchDrawable
,不然將會被構造爲 BitmapDrawable,最終設置給 view。數組
所以,在 Android 中,咱們若是想動態使用網絡下載的點九圖,通常須要通過如下步驟:緩存
public static void setNineImagePatch(View view, File file, String url) {
if (file.exists()) {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getAbsolutePath());
byte[] chunk = bitmap.getNinePatchChunk();
if (NinePatch.isNinePatchChunk(chunk)) {
NinePatchDrawable patchy = new NinePatchDrawable(view.getResources(), bitmap, chunk, new Rect(), null);
view.setBackground(patchy);
}
}
}
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單個圖片文件轉換服務器
./aapt s -i xxx.9.png -o xxx.png
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批量轉換微信
# 批量轉換
./aapt c -S inputDir -C outputDir
# inputDir 爲原始.9圖文件夾,outputDir 爲輸出文件夾
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執行成功實例
jundeMacBook-Pro:一期氣泡 junxu$ ./aapt c -S /Users/junxu/Desktop/一期氣泡/氣泡需求整理 -C /Users/junxu/Desktop/一期氣泡/output
Crunching PNG Files in source dir: /Users/junxu/Desktop/一期氣泡/氣泡需求整理
To destination dir: /Users/junxu/Desktop/一期氣泡/output
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注意:
若不是標準的點九圖,在轉換的過程會報錯,這時候請設計從新提供新的點九圖
剛開始,咱們的切圖是按照 2 倍圖切的,這樣在小屏幕手機上會手機氣泡高度過大的問題。
緣由分析:
該現象的本質是點九圖圖片的高度大於單行文本消息的高度。
解決方案一(暫時不可取):
解決方案二
對於低分辨率的手機和高分辨的手機分別下發不一樣的圖片 url,咱們嘗試過得方案是當 density < 2
的時候,採用一倍圖圖片,density >= 2
採用二倍圖圖片。
解決方案三
可能有人會有這樣的疑問呢,爲何要採用一倍圖,兩倍圖的解決方案呢?直接讓 UI 設計師給一套圖,點九圖圖片的高度適中不就解決了。是啊,咱們也是這樣想得,但他們說對於有一些裝飾的點九圖,若是縮小高度,一些裝飾圖案他們不太好切。好比下面圖片中的星星。
小結
說到底,方案二,方案三其實都是折中的一種方案,若是直接可以作到點九圖縮放,那就完美解決了。而 Android 中 res 目錄中的 drawable 或者 mipmap 的點九圖確實能作到,去看了相關的代碼,目前也沒有發現什麼好的解決方案,若是你有好的解決方案話,歡迎留言交流。
這個是部分 Android 手機的 bug,解決方法見:stackoverflow.com/questions/1…
public class NinePatchChunk {
private static final String TAG = "NinePatchChunk";
public final Rect mPaddings = new Rect();
public int mDivX[];
public int mDivY[];
public int mColor[];
private static float density = IMO.getInstance().getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
private static void readIntArray(final int[] data, final ByteBuffer buffer) {
for (int i = 0, n = data.length; i < n; ++i)
data[i] = buffer.getInt();
}
private static void checkDivCount(final int length) {
if (length == 0 || (length & 0x01) != 0)
throw new IllegalStateException("invalid nine-patch: " + length);
}
public static Rect getPaddingRect(final byte[] data) {
NinePatchChunk deserialize = deserialize(data);
if (deserialize == null) {
return new Rect();
}
}
public static NinePatchChunk deserialize(final byte[] data) {
final ByteBuffer byteBuffer =
ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
if (byteBuffer.get() == 0) {
return null; // is not serialized
}
final NinePatchChunk chunk = new NinePatchChunk();
chunk.mDivX = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
chunk.mDivY = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
chunk.mColor = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
try {
checkDivCount(chunk.mDivX.length);
checkDivCount(chunk.mDivY.length);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
// skip 8 bytes
byteBuffer.getInt();
byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.left = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.right = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.top = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.bottom = byteBuffer.getInt();
// skip 4 bytes
byteBuffer.getInt();
readIntArray(chunk.mDivX, byteBuffer);
readIntArray(chunk.mDivY, byteBuffer);
readIntArray(chunk.mColor, byteBuffer);
return chunk;
}
}
NinePatchDrawable patchy = new NinePatchDrawable(view.getResources(), bitmap, chunk, NinePatchChunk.getPaddingRect(chunk), null);
view.setBackground(patchy);
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如下內容參考騰訊音樂的 Android動態佈局入門及NinePatchChunk解密
回顧NinePatchDrawable的構造方法第三個參數bitmap.getNinePatchChunk(),做者猜測,aapt命令其實就是在bitmap圖片中,加入了NinePatchChunk的信息,那麼咱們是否是隻要能本身構造出這個東西,就可讓任何圖片按照咱們想要的方式拉昇了呢?
但是查了一堆官方文檔,彷佛並找不到相應的方法來得到這個byte[]類型的chunk參數。
既然沒法知道這個chunk如何生成,那麼能不能從解析的角度逆向得出這個NinePatchChunk的生成方法呢?
下面就須要從源碼入手了。
NinePatchChunk.java
public static NinePatchChunk deserialize(byte[] data) {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer =
ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
byte wasSerialized = byteBuffer.get();
if (wasSerialized == 0) return null;
NinePatchChunk chunk = new NinePatchChunk();
chunk.mDivX = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
chunk.mDivY = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
chunk.mColor = new int[byteBuffer.get()];
checkDivCount(chunk.mDivX.length);
checkDivCount(chunk.mDivY.length);
// skip 8 bytes
byteBuffer.getInt();
byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.left = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.right = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.top = byteBuffer.getInt();
chunk.mPaddings.bottom = byteBuffer.getInt();
// skip 4 bytes
byteBuffer.getInt();
readIntArray(chunk.mDivX, byteBuffer);
readIntArray(chunk.mDivY, byteBuffer);
readIntArray(chunk.mColor, byteBuffer);
return chunk;
}
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其實從這部分解析byte[] chunk的源碼,咱們已經能夠反推出來大概的結構了。以下圖,
按照上圖中的猜測以及對.9.png的認識,直覺感覺到,mDivX,mDivY,mColor這三個數組是最關鍵的,可是具體是什麼,就要繼續看源碼了。
ResourceTypes.h
/**
* This chunk specifies how to split an image into segments for
* scaling.
*
* There are J horizontal and K vertical segments. These segments divide
* the image into J*K regions as follows (where J=4 and K=3):
*
* F0 S0 F1 S1
* +-----+----+------+-------+
* S2| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
* +-----+----+------+-------+
* | | | | |
* | | | | |
* F2| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
* | | | | |
* | | | | |
* +-----+----+------+-------+
* S3| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
* +-----+----+------+-------+
*
* Each horizontal and vertical segment is considered to by either
* stretchable (marked by the Sx labels) or fixed (marked by the Fy
* labels), in the horizontal or vertical axis, respectively. In the
* above example, the first is horizontal segment (F0) is fixed, the
* next is stretchable and then they continue to alternate. Note that
* the segment list for each axis can begin or end with a stretchable
* or fixed segment.
* /
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正如源碼中,註釋的同樣,這個NinePatch Chunk把圖片從x軸和y軸分紅若干個區域,F區域表明了固定,S區域表明了拉伸。mDivX,mDivY描述了全部S區域的位置起始,而mColor描述了,各個Segment的顏色,一般狀況下,賦值爲源碼中定義的NO_COLOR = 0x00000001就好了。就以源碼註釋中的例子來講,mDivX,mDivY,mColor以下:
mDivX = [ S0.start, S0.end, S1.start, S1.end];
mDivY = [ S2.start, S2.end, S3.start, S3.end];
mColor = [c[0],c[1],...,c[11]]
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對於mColor這個數組,長度等於劃分的區域數,是用來描述各個區域的顏色的,而若是咱們這個只是描述了一個bitmap的拉伸方式的話,是不須要顏色的,即源碼中NO_COLOR = 0x00000001
說了這麼多,咱們仍是經過一個簡單例子來講明如何構造一個按中心點拉伸的 NinePatchDrawable 吧,
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filepath);
int[] xRegions = new int[]{bitmap.getWidth() / 2, bitmap.getWidth() / 2 + 1};
int[] yRegions = new int[]{bitmap.getWidth() / 2, bitmap.getWidth() / 2 + 1};
int NO_COLOR = 0x00000001;
int colorSize = 9;
int bufferSize = xRegions.length * 4 + yRegions.length * 4 + colorSize * 4 + 32;
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bufferSize).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
// 第一個byte,要不等於0
byteBuffer.put((byte) 1);
//mDivX length
byteBuffer.put((byte) 2);
//mDivY length
byteBuffer.put((byte) 2);
//mColors length
byteBuffer.put((byte) colorSize);
//skip
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
//padding 先設爲0
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
//skip
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
// mDivX
byteBuffer.putInt(xRegions[0]);
byteBuffer.putInt(xRegions[1]);
// mDivY
byteBuffer.putInt(yRegions[0]);
byteBuffer.putInt(yRegions[1]);
// mColors
for (int i = 0; i < colorSize; i++) {
byteBuffer.putInt(NO_COLOR);
}
return byteBuffer.array();
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在 stackoverflow 上面也找到牛逼的類,能夠動態建立點九圖,並拉伸圖片,啪啪打臉,剛開始說到 android 中沒法想 ios 同樣動態指定圖片拉伸區域。
public class NinePatchBuilder {
int width, height;
Bitmap bitmap;
Resources resources;
private ArrayList<Integer> xRegions = new ArrayList<Integer>();
private ArrayList<Integer> yRegions = new ArrayList<Integer>();
public NinePatchBuilder(Resources resources, Bitmap bitmap) {
width = bitmap.getWidth();
height = bitmap.getHeight();
this.bitmap = bitmap;
this.resources = resources;
}
public NinePatchBuilder(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXRegion(int x, int width) {
xRegions.add(x);
xRegions.add(x + width);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXRegionPoints(int x1, int x2) {
xRegions.add(x1);
xRegions.add(x2);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXRegion(float xPercent, float widthPercent) {
int xtmp = (int) (xPercent * this.width);
xRegions.add(xtmp);
xRegions.add(xtmp + (int) (widthPercent * this.width));
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXRegionPoints(float x1Percent, float x2Percent) {
xRegions.add((int) (x1Percent * this.width));
xRegions.add((int) (x2Percent * this.width));
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXCenteredRegion(int width) {
int x = (int) ((this.width - width) / 2);
xRegions.add(x);
xRegions.add(x + width);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addXCenteredRegion(float widthPercent) {
int width = (int) (widthPercent * this.width);
int x = (int) ((this.width - width) / 2);
xRegions.add(x);
xRegions.add(x + width);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYRegion(int y, int height) {
yRegions.add(y);
yRegions.add(y + height);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYRegionPoints(int y1, int y2) {
yRegions.add(y1);
yRegions.add(y2);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYRegion(float yPercent, float heightPercent) {
int ytmp = (int) (yPercent * this.height);
yRegions.add(ytmp);
yRegions.add(ytmp + (int) (heightPercent * this.height));
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYRegionPoints(float y1Percent, float y2Percent) {
yRegions.add((int) (y1Percent * this.height));
yRegions.add((int) (y2Percent * this.height));
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYCenteredRegion(int height) {
int y = (int) ((this.height - height) / 2);
yRegions.add(y);
yRegions.add(y + height);
return this;
}
public NinePatchBuilder addYCenteredRegion(float heightPercent) {
int height = (int) (heightPercent * this.height);
int y = (int) ((this.height - height) / 2);
yRegions.add(y);
yRegions.add(y + height);
return this;
}
public byte[] buildChunk() {
if (xRegions.size() == 0) {
xRegions.add(0);
xRegions.add(width);
}
if (yRegions.size() == 0) {
yRegions.add(0);
yRegions.add(height);
}
int NO_COLOR = 1;//0x00000001;
int COLOR_SIZE = 9;//could change, may be 2 or 6 or 15 - but has no effect on output
int arraySize = 1 + 2 + 4 + 1 + xRegions.size() + yRegions.size() + COLOR_SIZE;
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(arraySize * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
byteBuffer.put((byte) 1);//was translated
byteBuffer.put((byte) xRegions.size());//divisions x
byteBuffer.put((byte) yRegions.size());//divisions y
byteBuffer.put((byte) COLOR_SIZE);//color size
//skip
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
//padding -- always 0 -- left right top bottom
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
//skip
byteBuffer.putInt(0);
for (int rx : xRegions)
byteBuffer.putInt(rx); // regions left right left right ...
for (int ry : yRegions)
byteBuffer.putInt(ry);// regions top bottom top bottom ...
for (int i = 0; i < COLOR_SIZE; i++)
byteBuffer.putInt(NO_COLOR);
return byteBuffer.array();
}
public NinePatch buildNinePatch() {
byte[] chunk = buildChunk();
if (bitmap != null)
return new NinePatch(bitmap, chunk, null);
return null;
}
public NinePatchDrawable build() {
NinePatch ninePatch = buildNinePatch();
if (ninePatch != null)
return new NinePatchDrawable(resources, ninePatch);
return null;
}
}
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運行一下測試代碼
mLlRoot = findViewById(R.id.ll_root);
try {
InputStream is = getAssets().open("sea.png");
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
NinePatchDrawable ninePatchDrawable = NinePatchHelper.buildMulti(this, bitmap);
TextView textView = new TextView(this);
textView.setTextSize(25);
textView.setPadding(20, 10, 20, 10);
textView.setText(strArray[i]);
textView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
layoutParams.leftMargin = 20;
layoutParams.rightMargin = 20;
textView.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
textView.setBackground(ninePatchDrawable);
}
mLlRoot.addView(textView);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
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能夠看到,咱們的圖片完美拉伸
你們若是以爲不錯的話,能夠關注個人微信公衆號程序員徐公