50：nginx訪問日記|日記切割|靜態文件不記錄日記和過時時間

一、nginx訪問日記：

日記格式：在主配置文件nginx.conf裏搜索log_format；

[root@localhost_001 conf]# vim nginx.conf
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';

註釋：combined_realip表示日記格式的名字,能夠隨便定義,這裏定義成什麼名字,後面引用的時候就是什麼名字,決定了虛擬主機引用日記類型；

註釋：nginx的配置文件每一段是以分號結尾,配置這一段若是沒有分號,則表示這一段尚未結束；

$remote_addr	客戶端IP(公網IP)
$http_x_forwarded_for	代理服務器的IP
$time_local	服務器本地時間
$host	訪問主機名（域名）
$request_uri	訪問的url地址
$status	狀態碼
$http_referer	referer(跳轉頁)
$http_user_agent	user_agent(標識)

(2):還須要在虛擬主機vhost目錄下的虛擬主機配置文件來定義訪問日記所存在的路徑；

[root@localhost_001 vhost]# vim test.com.conf 
[root@localhost_001 vhost]# cat test.com.conf 
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.test.com bbs.test.com test1.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'www.test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://www.test.com/$1  permanent;
    } 
    access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip;        #定義訪問日記的路徑;
}

註釋：若是不寫日誌格式，那就會走默認的日誌格式；

(3):檢測配置文件是否存在錯誤,並從新加載配置文件；

[root@localhost_001 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost_001 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

(4):測試，curl命令訪問；

[root@localhost_001 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.test.com -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.4.7
Date: Tue, 16 Oct 2018 08:54:49 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 15
Last-Modified: Tue, 16 Oct 2018 06:36:04 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5bc586d4-f"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@localhost_001 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 bbs.test.com -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.4.7
Date: Tue, 16 Oct 2018 08:55:09 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 184
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://www.test.com/

(6):查看訪問日記；

[root@localhost_001 vhost]# tail /tmp/test.com.log 
127.0.0.1 - [16/Oct/2018:16:54:49 +0800] www.test.com "/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [16/Oct/2018:16:55:09 +0800] bbs.test.com "/" 301 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.149.135 - [16/Oct/2018:16:56:16 +0800] www.test.com "/" 304 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36"

二、nginx日記切割；

註釋：nginx沒有自帶日誌切割工具，只能藉助系統的日誌切割的工具或者本身寫切割的腳本實現；

[root@localhost_001 vhost]# vim /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh
cat /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh
#! /bin/bash
d=`date -d "-1 day" +%Y%m%d` 
logdir="/tmp/"
nginx_pid="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
cd $logdir
for log in `ls *.log`
do
    mv $log $log-$d
done
/bin/kill -HUP `cat $nginx_pid`

註釋：d=`date  -d  "-1 day"  +%Y%m%d`   ： 生成昨天的日記,格式爲年月日；

logdir="/tmp"   :    定義一個目錄；

nginx_pid="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"   : 查找nginx的pid,目的是爲了執行/bin/kill   -HUP  `cat  $nginx_pid`

/bin/kiall  -HUP  `cat   $nginx_pid`   ：從新加載,生成一個新的/nginx_pid='/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid'

(2):執行shell腳本,並加x查看執行過程；

[root@localhost_001 vhost]# sh -x /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh 
++ date -d '-1 day' +%Y%m%d
+ d=20181015
+ logdir=/tmp/
+ nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ cd /tmp/
++ ls test.com.log
+ for log in '`ls *.log`'
+ mv test.com.log test.com.log-20181015
++ cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ /bin/kill -HUP 6959

(3):查看切割後的日記文件；

[root@localhost_001 vhost]# ls -la /tmp/test*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   0 10月 16 17:28 /tmp/test.com.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 349 10月 16 16:56 /tmp/test.com.log-20181015

註釋:還須要寫入到crontab裏才能夠；

[root@localhost_001 vhost]# crontab -l
0 0 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh

(4):有時候日記切割後,也須要定時刪除的；      定時刪除30天前的日記；

[root@localhost_001 vhost]# find /tmp/ -name *.log-* -type f -mtime +30 |xargs rm -fr

三、靜態文件不記錄日記和過時時間；

編輯虛擬主機配置文件：  /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

[root@localhost_001 vhost]# vim test.com.conf 
 
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.test.com bbs.test.com test1.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'www.test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://www.test.com/$1  permanent;
    } 
    access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip;
#下面是配置不記錄靜態文件不記錄日記和過時時間的配置;
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$         #匹配gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf 後綴的文件
    {
          expires      7d;         #7天后過時
          access_log off;          #匹配「.*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf) 」關閉記錄日誌
    }
location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
    {
          expires      12h;        #12個小時後過時
          access_log off;          #匹配「.*.(js|css) 」關閉記錄日誌
    }

}

(2):檢測並從新加載配置文件；

[root@localhost_001 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost_001 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

(3):測試：用curl命令來測試；

首先使用xhell的rz命令上傳一張 .jpg的圖片和.js的文件；以下：

[root@localhost_001 test.com]# ls
11.js  admin.php  index.html  kaola.jpg

(4):接下來用curl命令來作訪問測試；

[root@localhost_001 test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.test.com/kaola.jpg -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.4.7
Content-Type: image/jpeg
Last-Modified: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 05:32:31 GMT
[root@localhost_001 test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.test.com/11.js -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.4.7
Content-Type: application/x-javascript
Content-Length: 46122
[root@localhost_001 test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.test.com
test.com  fast

(5):查看日記,只看到一條訪問日記；

[root@localhost_001 test.com]# tail /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [16/Oct/2018:17:57:13 +0800] www.test.com "/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

(6):測試過時時間,加上 -I 選項；

[root@localhost_001 test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.test.com/kaola.jpg -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.4.7
Date: Tue, 16 Oct 2018 09:58:42 GMT
Content-Type: image/jpeg
Content-Length: 780831
Last-Modified: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 05:32:31 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "4a5c186f-bea1f"
Expires: Tue, 23 Oct 2018 09:58:42 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=604800
Accept-Ranges: bytes

註釋：max-age=604800 過時時間；

註釋：若是去掉配置文件中的expires,則不會顯示過時時間；