PostgreSQL installations

時間  2019-11-08
標籤 postgresql installations 欄目 Postgre SQL 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

 

[root@test02 init.d]# ll /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.5php

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10072 May 15 06:34 /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.5linux

1. 檢查PostgreSQL 是否已經安裝sql

# rpm -qa|grep postgres數據庫

若已經安裝，則使用rpm -e 命令卸載vim

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -qa|grep postgresbash

postgresql-8.4.18-1.el6_4.x86_64網絡

postgresql-devel-8.4.18-1.el6_4.x86_64app

postgresql-libs-8.4.18-1.el6_4.x86_64ide

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -e postgresql-devel-8.4.18-1.el6_4.x86_64工具

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -e postgresql-8.4.18-1.el6_4.x86_64

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -e postgresql-libs-8.4.18-1.el6_4.x86_64

[root@test02 soft_bak]# wget http://yum.postgresql.org/9.5/redhat/rhel-6.5-x86_64/postgresql95-server-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

[root@test02 soft_bak]# wget http://yum.postgresql.org/9.5/redhat/rhel-6.5-x86_64/postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

[root@test02 soft_bak]# wget http://yum.postgresql.org/9.5/redhat/rhel-6.5-x86_64/postgresql95-libs-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

 

[root@test02 soft_bak]# wget http://yum.postgresql.org/9.5/redhat/rhel-6.5-x86_64/postgresql95-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

3. 安裝PostgreSQL，注意安裝順序

[root@test02 soft_bak]# rpm -ivh postgresql95-libs-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

warning: postgresql95-libs-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:postgresql95-libs      ########################################### [100%]

[root@test02 soft_bak]# rpm -ivh postgresql95-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

warning: postgresql95-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:postgresql95           ########################################### [100%]

[root@test02 soft_bak]# rpm -ivh postgresql95-server-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

warning: postgresql95-server-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:postgresql95-server    ########################################### [100%]

[root@test02 soft_bak]# rpm -ivh postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

warning: postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:postgresql95-contrib   ########################################### [100%]

 4 初始化PostgreSQL 數據庫

初始化數據庫

# service postgresql-9.5 initdb

[root@test02 pgsql]# service postgresql-9.5 initdb

Initializing database:                                     [  OK  ]

5. 啓動服務

# service postgresql-9.5 start

[root@test02 pgsql]# service postgresql-9.5 start

Starting postgresql-9.5 service:                           [  OK  ]

6. 把PostgreSQL 服務加入到啓動列表

# chkconfig postgresql-9.2 on

# chkconfig --list|grep postgres

 

chkconfig –list|grep postgres

7. 修改PostgreSQL 數據庫用戶postgres的密碼

PostgreSQL 數據庫默認會建立一個postgres的數據庫用戶做爲數據庫的管理員，默認密碼爲空，咱們須要修改成指定的密碼，這裏設定爲’postgres’。

[root@test02 bin]# su - postgres

-bash-4.1$ pwd

/var/lib/pgsql

-bash-4.1$ psql

psql (8.4.18, server 9.5.3)

WARNING: psql version 8.4, server version 9.5.

         Some psql features might not work.

Type "help" for help.

postgres=#

postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';

ALTER ROLE

postgres=# SELECT * from pg_shadow ;

 usename  | usesysid | usecreatedb | usesuper | userepl | usebypassrls |               passwd                | valuntil | us

econfig

----------+----------+-------------+----------+---------+--------------+-------------------------------------+----------+---

--------

 postgres |       10 | t           | t        | t       | t            | md53175bce1d3201d16594cebf9d7eb3f9d |          |

(1 row)

8. 測試數據庫

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE t_pgdb;

CREATE DATABASE

postgres=# \l+

                                                                    List of databases

   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges   |  Size   | Tablespace |              

 Description                

-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------+---------+------------+---------------

-----------------------------

 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |                       | 7248 kB | pg_default | default admini

strative connection database

 t_pgdb    | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |                       | 7129 kB | pg_default |

 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres           | 7129 kB | pg_default | unmodifiable e

mpty database

                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres                         

 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres           | 7129 kB | pg_default | default templa

te for new databases

                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres                         

(4 rows)

切換到t_pgdb 數據庫

postgres=# \c t_pgdb

psql (8.4.18, server 9.5.3)

WARNING: psql version 8.4, server version 9.5.

         Some psql features might not work.

You are now connected to database "t_pgdb".

t_pgdb=# CREATE TABLE t_table(id int primary key,name text);

CREATE TABLE

t_pgdb=# INSERT INTO t_table VALUES (1,'Andrew');

INSERT 0 1

t_pgdb=# INSERT INTO t_table VALUES (2,'Tonny');

INSERT 0 1

t_pgdb=# SELECT * from t_table ;

 id |  name 

----+--------

  1 | Andrew

  2 | Tonny

(2 rows)

9. 修改linux 系統用戶postgres 的密碼

PostgreSQL 數據庫默認會建立一個linux 系統用戶postgres，經過passwd 命令設置系統用戶的密碼爲postgres

-bash-4.1$ exit

logout

[root@test02 bin]# passwd postgres

Changing password for user postgres.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

修改postgresql.conf文件

若是想讓PostgreSQL 監聽整個網絡的話，將listen_addresses 前的#去掉，並將 listen_addresses = 'localhost' 改爲 listen_addresses = '*'，由於localhost只容許本機鏈接，#開頭的參數爲默認配置

[root@test02 bin]# vim /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/postgresql.conf

listen_addresses = '*'

修改客戶端認證配置文件pg_hba.conf

將須要遠程訪問數據庫的IP地址或地址段加入該文件

host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               md5

[root@test02 bin]# su - postgres

-bash-4.1$ service postgresql-9.5 restart

Stopping postgresql-9.5 service:                           [FAILED]

touch: cannot touch `/var/lock/subsys/postgresql-9.5': Permission denied

/etc/init.d/postgresql-9.5: line 170: /var/run/postgresql-9.5.pid: Permission denied

service postgresql-9.5 restart ( root用戶執行)

[root@test02 9.5]# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.5 restart

Stopping postgresql-9.5 service:                           [  OK  ]

Starting postgresql-9.5 service:                           [  OK  ]

/usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/ stop

waiting for server to shut down.... done

server stopped

-bash-4.1$ /usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/ start

server starting

-bash-4.1$ < 2016-06-02 23:49:28.415 CST >LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process

< 2016-06-02 23:49:28.415 CST >HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".

-bash-4.1$ ps hf -u postgres -o cmd

-bash

 \_ ps hf -u postgres -o cmd

/usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data

 \_ postgres: logger process                             

 \_ postgres: checkpointer process                       

 \_ postgres: writer process                             

 \_ postgres: wal writer process                         

 \_ postgres: autovacuum launcher process                 

 \_ postgres: stats collector process 

-bash-4.1$ /usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/ stop

waiting for server to shut down.... done

server stopped

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -qa|grep postgres

postgresql95-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

postgresql-8.4.18-1.el6_4.x86_64

postgresql-devel-8.4.18-1.el6_4.x86_64

postgresql95-server-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

postgresql-libs-8.4.18-1.el6_4.x86_64

postgresql95-libs-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

卸載（注意順序）

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -e postgresql95-server-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -e postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -e postgresql95-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -e postgresql95-libs-9.5.3-1PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

YUM

若是是默認yum 安裝的話，會安裝較低版本的PostgreSQL 8.4，這不符合咱們的要求

咱們使用PostgreSQL Yum Repository 來安裝最新版本的PostgreSQL

To use the yum repository, you must first install the repository RPM. To do this, download the correct RPM from the repository RPM listing, and install it with commands like:

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -i https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/9.5/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/pgdg-redhat95-9.5-2.noarch.rpm

Once this is done, you can proceed to install and update packages the same way as the ones included in the distribution.

[root@test02 bin]# yum install postgresql95-server postgresql95-contrib

Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

pgdg95                                                                                               | 3.7 kB     00:00    

pgdg95/primary_db                                                                                    | 138 kB     00:01    

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package postgresql95-contrib.x86_64 0:9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: postgresql95-libs(x86-64) = 9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6 for package: postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: postgresql95(x86-64) = 9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6 for package: postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5()(64bit) for package: postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

---> Package postgresql95-server.x86_64 0:9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package postgresql95.x86_64 0:9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6 will be installed

---> Package postgresql95-libs.x86_64 0:9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

======================================================================================================================================

 Package                                Arch                     Version                               Repository                Size

======================================================================================================================================

Installing:

 postgresql95-contrib                   x86_64                   9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6                     pgdg95                   456 k

 postgresql95-server                    x86_64                   9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6                     pgdg95                   4.5 M

Installing for dependencies:

 postgresql95                           x86_64                   9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6                     pgdg95                   1.3 M

 postgresql95-libs                      x86_64                   9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6                     pgdg95                   205 k

 

Transaction Summary

======================================================================================================================================

Install       4 Package(s)

Total download size: 6.5 M

Installed size: 25 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

(1/4): postgresql95-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm                                                               | 1.3 MB     00:27    

(2/4): postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm                                                       | 456 kB     00:15    

(3/4): postgresql95-libs-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm                                                          | 205 kB     00:06    

(4/4): postgresql95-server-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64.rpm                                                        | 4.5 MB     01:32    

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                                                                  45 kB/s | 6.5 MB     02:26    

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.

  Installing : postgresql95-libs-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64                                                                         1/4

  Installing : postgresql95-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64                                                                              2/4

  Installing : postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64                                                                      3/4

  Installing : postgresql95-server-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64                                                                       4/4

  Verifying  : postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64                                                                      1/4

  Verifying  : postgresql95-server-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64                                                                       2/4

  Verifying  : postgresql95-libs-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64                                                                         3/4

  Verifying  : postgresql95-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64                                                                              4/4

Installed:

  postgresql95-contrib.x86_64 0:9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6                    postgresql95-server.x86_64 0:9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6                  

Dependency Installed:

  postgresql95.x86_64 0:9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6                         postgresql95-libs.x86_64 0:9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6                       

Complete!

查看安裝

[root@test02 bin]# rpm -qa|grep postgres

postgresql95-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

postgresql95-server-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

postgresql95-libs-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

postgresql95-contrib-9.5.3-2PGDG.rhel6.x86_64

初始化並啓動數據庫（root用戶）

[root@test02 9.5]# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.5 initdb

Initializing database:                                     [  OK  ]

[root@test02 9.5]# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.5 start

Starting postgresql-9.5 service:                           [  OK  ]

[root@test02 9.5]# ps hf -u postgres -o cmd

/usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data

 \_ postgres: logger process                               

 \_ postgres: checkpointer process                         

 \_ postgres: writer process                               

 \_ postgres: wal writer process                            

 \_ postgres: autovacuum launcher process                  

 \_ postgres: stats collector process

[root@test02 9.5]# su - postgres

-bash-4.1$ psql

psql (9.5.3)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \l

                                  List of databases

   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges  

-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------

 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |

 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +

           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres

 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +

           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres

(3 rows)

源碼安裝

1.下載源代碼

 [root@test02 ~]# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.5.3/postgresql-9.5.3.tar.gz

--2016-06-03 00:29:29--  https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.5.3/postgresql-9.5.3.tar.gz

Resolving ftp.postgresql.org... 174.143.35.246, 213.189.17.228, 217.196.149.55, ...

Connecting to ftp.postgresql.org|174.143.35.246|:443... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 24134415 (23M) [application/x-gzip]

Saving to: ?.ostgresql-9.5.3.tar.gz?

 

100%[============================================================================================>] 24,134,415  37.3K/s   in 9m 58s 

 

2016-06-03 00:39:29 (39.4 KB/s) - ?.ostgresql-9.5.3.tar.gz?.saved [24134415/24134415]

2.解壓PostgreSQL源碼包 ：tar zxvf postgresql-9.2.4.tar.gz

或 tar jxvf postgresql-9.5.3.tar.bz2

3,切換到剛剛解壓的目錄下：cd postgresql-9.5.3

4. ./configure

若是遇到錯誤,則須要以下安裝依賴工具包(按需安裝)

yum install gcc

yum install readline

yum install flex

yum install zlib

在執行./configure

gmake world

gmake install-world

安裝完畢

而後啓動數據庫

到安裝目錄(默認爲/usr/local/postgres)

在該目錄下創建data目錄 (存放數據庫相關文件)

啓動數據庫須要非root用戶

/usr/local/pgsql//bin

初始化數據庫

./initdb  -D ../data start

啓動數據庫

./pg_clt -D ../data start

啓動後鏈接數據庫：

在/usrl/local/pgsql/bin目錄下

執行 ./psql 鏈接到默認的postgres數據

而後能夠建立數據庫，建立表，等操做了。

PostgreSQL run文件安裝

[root@test01 home]# cd /opt/soft/

[root@test01 soft]# ll

total 97804

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 38101062 May 27 17:57 postgresql-9.5.3-1-linux-x64.run

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 37116313 May 27 18:05 postgresql-9.6.0-beta1-linux-x64.run

-rw-r--r--. 1  500  500 24925549 May 25 01:29 postgresql-9.6beta1.tar.gz

[root@test01 soft]# chmod +x postgresql-9.5.3-1-linux-x64.run

[root@test01 soft]# ll

total 97804

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38101062 May 27 17:57 postgresql-9.5.3-1-linux-x64.run

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 37116313 May 27 18:05 postgresql-9.6.0-beta1-linux-x64.run

-rw-r--r--. 1  500  500 24925549 May 25 01:29 postgresql-9.6beta1.tar.gz

[root@test01 soft]# ./postgresql-9.5.3-1-linux-x64.run 

or

[root@test01 soft]# ./postgresql-9.5.3-1-linux-x64.run  --mode text

......

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