前面學習了不少多線程和任務的基礎知識,這裏要來實踐一下啦。經過本篇教程,你能夠寫出一個簡單的工做流引擎。html
本篇教程內容完成是基於任務的,只須要看過筆者的三篇關於異步的文章,掌握 C# 基礎,便可輕鬆完成。git
因爲本篇文章編寫的工做流程序,主要使用任務,有些邏輯過程會比較難理解,多測試一下就好。代碼主要仍是 C# 基礎,爲何說簡單?github
由於是基於任務(Task)的,因此能夠輕鬆設計組合流程,組成複雜的工做流。算法
因爲只是講述基礎,因此不會包含不少種流程控制,這裏只實現一些簡單的。微信
先說明,別用到業務上。。。這個工做流很是簡單,就幾個功能,這個工做流是基於筆者的多線程系列文章的知識點。寫這個東西是爲了講解任務操做,讓讀者更加深刻理解任務。多線程
代碼地址:https://github.com/whuanle/CZGL.FLow併發
這兩天忙着搬東西,今天沒認真寫文章,代碼不明白的地方,能夠到微信羣找我。微信名稱:癡者工良,dotnet 的羣基本我都在。異步
在開始前,咱們來設計幾種流程控制的東西。async
將一個 步驟/流程/節點 稱爲 step。ide
一個普通的節點,包含一個任務。
多個 Then 節點,能夠組成一條連續的工做流。
並行節點,能夠設置多個並行節點放到 Parallel 中,以及在裏面爲任一個節點建立新的分支。
定時節點,建立後會在必定時間後執行節點中的任務。
讓當前任務阻塞一段時間。
打開你的 VS ,建立項目,Nuget 引用 CZGL.DoFlow
,版本 1.0.2 。
建立一個類 MyFlow1
,繼承 IDoFlow
。
public class MyFlow1 : IDoFlow { public int Id => 1; public string Name => "隨便起個名字"; public int Version => 1; public IDoFlowBuilder Build(IDoFlowBuilder builder) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } }
你能夠建立多個工做流任務,每一個工做流的 Id 必須惟一。Name 和 Version 隨便填,由於這裏筆者沒有對這幾個字段作邏輯。
IDoFlowBuilder
是構建工做流的一個接口。
咱們來寫一個工做流測試一下。
/// <summary> /// 普通節點 Then 使用方法 /// </summary> public class MyFlow1 : IDoFlow { public int Id => 1; public string Name => "test"; public int Version => 1; public IDoFlowBuilder Build(IDoFlowBuilder builder) { builder.StartWith(() => { Console.WriteLine("工做流開始"); }).Then(() => { Console.WriteLine("下一個節點"); }).Then(() => { Console.WriteLine("最後一個節點"); }); return builder; } }
Main 方法中:
static void Main(string[] args) { FlowCore.RegisterWorkflow<MyFlow1>(); // FlowCore.RegisterWorkflow(new MyFlow1()); FlowCore.Start(1); Console.ReadKey(); }
.StartWith()
方法開始一個工做流;
FlowCore.RegisterWorkflow<T>()
註冊一個工做流;
FlowCore.Start();
執行一個工做流;
其代碼以下:
/// <summary> /// 並行節點 Parallel 使用方法 /// </summary> public class MyFlow2 : IDoFlow { public int Id => 2; public string Name => "test"; public int Version => 1; public IDoFlowBuilder Build(IDoFlowBuilder builder) { builder.StartWith() .Parallel(steps => { // 每一個並行任務也能夠設計後面繼續執行其它任務 steps.Do(() => { Console.WriteLine("並行1"); }).Do(() => { Console.WriteLine("並行2"); }); steps.Do(() => { Console.WriteLine("並行3"); }); // 並行任務設計完成後,必須調用此方法 // 此方法必須放在全部並行任務 .Do() 的最後 steps.EndParallel(); // 若是 .Do() 在 EndParallel() 後,那麼不會等待此任務 steps.Do(() => { Console.WriteLine("並行異步"); }); // 開啓新的分支 steps.StartWith() .Then(() => { Console.WriteLine("新的分支" + Task.CurrentId); }).Then(() => { Console.WriteLine("分支2.0" + Task.CurrentId); }); }, false) .Then(() => { Console.WriteLine("11111111111111111 "); }); return builder; } }
Main 方法中:
static void Main(string[] args) { FlowCore.RegisterWorkflow<MyFlow2>(); FlowCore.Start(2); Console.ReadKey(); }
經過以上示例,能夠大概瞭解本篇文章中咱們要寫的程序。
創建一個類庫項目,名爲 DoFlow
。
創建 Extensions
、Interfaces
、Services
三個目錄。
新建 IStepBuilder
接口文件到 Interfaces
目錄,其內容以下:
using System; namespace DoFlow.Interfaces { public interface IStepBuilder { /// <summary> /// 普通節點 /// </summary> /// <param name="stepBuilder"></param> /// <returns></returns> IStepBuilder Then(Action action); /// <summary> /// 多個節點 /// <para>默認下,須要等待全部的任務完成,這個step纔算完成</para> /// </summary> /// <param name="action"></param> /// <param name="anyWait">任意一個任務完成便可跳轉到下一個step</param> /// <returns></returns> IStepBuilder Parallel(Action<IStepParallel> action, bool anyWait = false); /// <summary> /// 節點將在某個時間間隔後執行 /// <para>異步,不會阻塞當前工做流的運行,計劃任務將在一段時間後觸發</para> /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> IStepBuilder Schedule(Action action, TimeSpan time); /// <summary> /// 阻塞一段時間 /// </summary> /// <param name="time"></param> /// <returns></returns> IStepBuilder Delay(TimeSpan time); } }
新建 IStepParallel
文件到 Interfaces
目錄。
using System; namespace DoFlow.Interfaces { /// <summary> /// 並行任務 /// <para>默認狀況下,只有這個節點的全部並行任務都完成後,這個節點纔算完成</para> /// </summary> public interface IStepParallel { /// <summary> /// 一個並行任務 /// </summary> /// <param name="action"></param> /// <returns></returns> IStepParallel Do(Action action); /// <summary> /// 開始一個分支 /// </summary> /// <param name="action"></param> /// <returns></returns> IStepBuilder StartWith(Action action = null); /// <summary> /// 必須使用此方法結束一個並行任務 /// </summary> void EndParallel(); } /// <summary> /// 並行任務 /// <para>任意一個任務完成後,就能夠跳轉到下一個 step</para> /// </summary> public interface IStepParallelAny : IStepParallel { } }
新建 IDoFlowBuilder
接口文件到 Interfaces
目錄。
using System; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace DoFlow.Interfaces { /// <summary> /// 構建工做流任務 /// </summary> public interface IDoFlowBuilder { /// <summary> /// 開始一個 step /// </summary> IStepBuilder StartWith(Action action = null); void EndWith(Action action); Task ThatTask { get; } } }
新建 IDoFlow
接口文件到 Interfaces
目錄。
namespace DoFlow.Interfaces { /// <summary> /// 工做流 /// <para>無參數傳遞</para> /// </summary> public interface IDoFlow { /// <summary> /// 全局惟一標識 /// </summary> int Id { get; } /// <summary> /// 標識此工做流的名稱 /// </summary> string Name { get; } /// <summary> /// 標識此工做流的版本 /// </summary> int Version { get; } IDoFlowBuilder Build(IDoFlowBuilder builder); } }
新建 DependencyInjectionService
文件到 Services
目錄。
用於實現依賴注入和解耦。
using DoFlow.Extensions; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using System; namespace DoFlow.Services { /// <summary> /// 依賴注入服務 /// </summary> public static class DependencyInjectionService { private static IServiceCollection _servicesList; private static IServiceProvider _services; static DependencyInjectionService() { IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection(); _servicesList = services; // 注入引擎須要的服務 InitExtension.StartInitExtension(); var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider(); _services = serviceProvider; } /// <summary> /// 添加一個注入到容器服務 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TService"></typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TImplementation"></typeparam> public static void AddService<TService, TImplementation>() where TService : class where TImplementation : class, TService { _servicesList.AddTransient<TService, TImplementation>(); } /// <summary> /// 獲取須要的服務 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TIResult"></typeparam> /// <returns></returns> public static TIResult GetService<TIResult>() { TIResult Tservice = _services.GetService<TIResult>(); return Tservice; } } }
添加一個 InitExtension
文件到 Extensions
目錄。
using DoFlow.Interfaces; using DoFlow.Services; namespace DoFlow.Extensions { public static class InitExtension { private static bool IsInit = false; public static void StartInitExtension() { if (IsInit) return; IsInit = true; DependencyInjectionService.AddService<IStepBuilder, StepBuilder>(); DependencyInjectionService.AddService<IDoFlowBuilder, DoFlowBuilder>(); DependencyInjectionService.AddService<IStepParallel, StepParallelWhenAll>(); DependencyInjectionService.AddService<IStepParallelAny, StepParallelWhenAny>(); } } }
如下文件均在 Services
目錄創建。
新建 StepBuilder
文件,用於解析節點,構建任務。
using DoFlow.Interfaces; using System; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace DoFlow.Services { /// <summary> /// 節點工做引擎 /// </summary> public class StepBuilder : IStepBuilder { private Task _task; /// <summary> /// 延遲執行 /// </summary> /// <param name="time"></param> /// <returns></returns> public IStepBuilder Delay(TimeSpan time) { Task.Delay(time).Wait(); return this; } /// <summary> /// 並行 step /// </summary> /// <param name="action"></param> /// <returns></returns> public IStepBuilder Parallel(Action<IStepParallel> action, bool anyAwait = false) { IStepParallel parallel = anyAwait ? DependencyInjectionService.GetService<IStepParallelAny>() : DependencyInjectionService.GetService<IStepParallel>(); Task task = new Task(() => { action.Invoke(parallel); }); _task.ConfigureAwait(false).GetAwaiter().OnCompleted(() => { task.Start(); }); _task = task; return this; } /// <summary> /// 計劃任務 /// </summary> /// <param name="action"></param> /// <param name="time"></param> /// <returns></returns> public IStepBuilder Schedule(Action action, TimeSpan time) { Task.Factory.StartNew(() => { Task.Delay(time).Wait(); action.Invoke(); }); return this; } /// <summary> /// 普通 step /// </summary> /// <param name="action"></param> /// <returns></returns> public IStepBuilder Then(Action action) { Task task = new Task(action); _task.ConfigureAwait(false).GetAwaiter().OnCompleted(() => { task.Start(); task.Wait(); }); _task = task; return this; } public void SetTask(Task task) { _task = task; } } }
新建 StepParallel
文件,裏面有兩個類,用於實現同步任務。
using DoFlow.Interfaces; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace DoFlow.Services { /// <summary> /// 第一層全部任務結束後才能跳轉下一個 step /// </summary> public class StepParallelWhenAll : IStepParallel { private Task _task; private readonly List<Task> _tasks = new List<Task>(); public StepParallelWhenAll() { _task = new Task(() => { },TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent); } public IStepParallel Do(Action action) { _tasks.Add(Task.Run(action)); return this; } public void EndParallel() { _task.ConfigureAwait(false).GetAwaiter().OnCompleted(() => { Task.WhenAll(_tasks).Wait(); }); } public IStepBuilder StartWith(Action action = null) { Task task = action is null ? new Task(() => { }) : new Task(action); var _stepBuilder = DependencyInjectionService.GetService<IStepBuilder>(); _task.ConfigureAwait(false).GetAwaiter().OnCompleted(() => { task.Start(); }); return _stepBuilder; } } /// <summary> /// 完成任意一個任務便可跳轉到下一個 step /// </summary> public class StepParallelWhenAny : IStepParallelAny { private Task _task; private readonly List<Task> _tasks = new List<Task>(); public StepParallelWhenAny() { _task = Task.Run(() => { }); } public IStepParallel Do(Action action) { _tasks.Add(Task.Run(action)); return this; } public void EndParallel() { _task.ConfigureAwait(false).GetAwaiter().OnCompleted(() => { Task.WhenAny(_tasks).Wait(); }); } public IStepBuilder StartWith(Action action = null) { Task task = action is null ? new Task(() => { }) : new Task(action); var _stepBuilder = DependencyInjectionService.GetService<IStepBuilder>(); _task.ConfigureAwait(false).GetAwaiter().OnCompleted(() => { task.Start(); }); return _stepBuilder; } } }
新建 DoFlowBuilder
文件,用於構建工做流。
using DoFlow.Interfaces; using System; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace DoFlow.Services { public class DoFlowBuilder : IDoFlowBuilder { private Task _task; public Task ThatTask => _task; public void EndWith(Action action) { _task.Start(); } public IStepBuilder StartWith(Action action = null) { if (action is null) _task = new Task(() => { }); else _task = new Task(action); IStepBuilder _stepBuilder = DependencyInjectionService.GetService<IStepBuilder>(); ((StepBuilder)_stepBuilder).SetTask(_task); return _stepBuilder; } } }
新建 FlowEngine
文件,用於執行工做流。
using DoFlow.Interfaces; namespace DoFlow.Services { /// <summary> /// 工做流引擎 /// </summary> public class FlowEngine { private readonly IDoFlow _flow; public FlowEngine(IDoFlow flow) { _flow = flow; } /// <summary> /// 開始一個工做流 /// </summary> public void Start() { IDoFlowBuilder builder = DependencyInjectionService.GetService<IDoFlowBuilder>(); _flow.Build(builder).ThatTask.Start(); } } }
新建 FlowCore
文件,用於存儲和索引工做流。使用讀寫鎖解決併發字典問題。
using DoFlow.Interfaces; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Threading; namespace DoFlow.Services { public static class FlowCore { private static Dictionary<int, FlowEngine> flowEngines = new Dictionary<int, FlowEngine>(); // 讀寫鎖 private static ReaderWriterLockSlim readerWriterLockSlim = new ReaderWriterLockSlim(); /// <summary> /// 註冊工做流 /// </summary> /// <param name="flow"></param> public static bool RegisterWorkflow(IDoFlow flow) { try { readerWriterLockSlim.EnterReadLock(); if (flowEngines.ContainsKey(flow.Id)) return false; flowEngines.Add(flow.Id, new FlowEngine(flow)); return true; } finally { readerWriterLockSlim.ExitReadLock(); } } /// <summary> /// 註冊工做流 /// </summary> /// <param name="flow"></param> public static bool RegisterWorkflow<TDoFlow>() { Type type = typeof(TDoFlow); IDoFlow flow = (IDoFlow)Activator.CreateInstance(type); try { readerWriterLockSlim.EnterReadLock(); if (flowEngines.ContainsKey(flow.Id)) return false; flowEngines.Add(flow.Id, new FlowEngine(flow)); return true; } finally { readerWriterLockSlim.ExitReadLock(); } } /// <summary> /// 要啓動的工做流 /// </summary> /// <param name="id"></param> public static bool Start(int id) { FlowEngine engine; // 讀寫鎖 try { readerWriterLockSlim.EnterUpgradeableReadLock(); if (!flowEngines.ContainsKey(id)) return default; try { readerWriterLockSlim.EnterWriteLock(); engine = flowEngines[id]; } catch { return default; } finally { readerWriterLockSlim.ExitWriteLock(); } } catch { return default; } finally { readerWriterLockSlim.ExitUpgradeableReadLock(); } engine.Start(); return true; } } }
就這樣程序寫完了。
忙去了。