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bind 綁定是服務容器最經常使用的綁定方式,在 上一篇文章中咱們討論過,bind 的綁定有三種:數組
綁定自身服務器
綁定閉包閉包
綁定接口app
今天,咱們這篇文章主要從源碼上講解 Ioc 服務容器是如何進行綁定的。ide
/** * Register a binding with the container. * * @param string|array $abstract * @param \Closure|string|null $concrete * @param bool $shared * @return void */ public function bind($abstract, $concrete = null, $shared = false) { // If no concrete type was given, we will simply set the concrete type to the // abstract type. After that, the concrete type to be registered as shared // without being forced to state their classes in both of the parameters. $this->dropStaleInstances($abstract); if (is_null($concrete)) { $concrete = $abstract; } // If the factory is not a Closure, it means it is just a class name which is // bound into this container to the abstract type and we will just wrap it // up inside its own Closure to give us more convenience when extending. if (! $concrete instanceof Closure) { $concrete = $this->getClosure($abstract, $concrete); } $this->bindings[$abstract] = compact('concrete', 'shared'); // If the abstract type was already resolved in this container we'll fire the // rebound listener so that any objects which have already gotten resolved // can have their copy of the object updated via the listener callbacks. if ($this->resolved($abstract)) { $this->rebound($abstract); } }
從源碼中咱們能夠看出,服務器的綁定有以下幾個步驟:函數
去除原有註冊。去除當前綁定接口的原有實現單例對象,和原有的別名,爲實現綁定新的實現作準備。ui
加裝閉包。若是實現類不是閉包(綁定自身或者綁定接口),那麼就建立閉包,以實現 lazy 加載。this
註冊。將閉包函數和單例變量存入 bindings 數組中,以備解析時使用。code
回調。若是綁定的接口已經被解析過了,將會調用回調函數,對已經解析過的對象進行調整。
dropStaleInstances 用於去除當前接口原有的註冊和別名,這裏負責清除綁定的 aliases 和單例對象的 instances,bindings 後面再作修改:
protected function dropStaleInstances($abstract) { unset($this->instances[$abstract], $this->aliases[$abstract]); }
getClosure 的做用是爲註冊的非閉包實現外加閉包,這樣作有兩個做用:
延時加載
服務容器在 getClosure 中爲每一個綁定的類都包一層閉包,這樣服務容器就只有進行解析的時候閉包纔會真正進行運行,實現了 lazy 加載的功能。
遞歸綁定
對於服務容器來講,綁定是能夠遞歸的,例如:
$app->bind(A::class,B::class); $app->bind(B::class,C::class); $app->bind(C::class,function(){ return new C; })
對於 A 類,咱們直接解析 A 能夠獲得 B 類,可是若是僅僅到此爲止,服務容器直接去用反射去建立 B 類的話,那麼就頗有可能建立失敗,由於 B 類頗有可能也是接口,B 接口綁定了其餘實現類,要知道接口是沒法實例化的。
所以服務容器須要遞歸地對 A 進行解析,這個就是 getClosure 的做用,它把全部可能會遞歸的綁定在閉包中都用 make 函數,這樣解析 make(A::class) 的時候獲得閉包 make(B::class),make(B::class) 的時候會獲得閉包 make(C::class),make(C::class) 終於能夠獲得真正的實現了。
對於自我綁定的狀況,由於不存在遞歸狀況,因此在閉包中會使用 build 函數直接建立對象。(若是仍然使用 make,那就無限循環了)
protected function getClosure($abstract, $concrete) { return function ($container, $parameters = []) use ($abstract, $concrete) { if ($abstract == $concrete) { return $container->build($concrete); } return $container->makeWith($concrete, $parameters); }; }
註冊就是向 binding 數組中添加註冊的接口與它的實現,其中 compact() 函數建立包含變量名和它們的值的數組,建立後的結果爲:
$bindings[$abstract] = [ 'concrete' => $concrete, 'shared' => $shared ]
註冊以後,還要查看當前註冊的接口是否已經被實例化,若是已經被服務容器實例化過,那麼就要調用回調函數。(若存在回調函數)
resolved() 函數用於判斷當前接口是否曾被解析過,在判斷以前,先獲取了接口的最終服務名:
public function resolved($abstract) { if ($this->isAlias($abstract)) { $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract); } return isset($this->resolved[$abstract]) || isset($this->instances[$abstract]); } public function isAlias($name) { return isset($this->aliases[$name]); }
getAlias() 函數利用遞歸的方法獲取別名的最終服務名稱:
public function getAlias($abstract) { if (! isset($this->aliases[$abstract])) { return $abstract; } if ($this->aliases[$abstract] === $abstract) { throw new LogicException("[{$abstract}] is aliased to itself."); } return $this->getAlias($this->aliases[$abstract]); }
若是當前接口已經被解析過了,那麼就要運行回調函數:
protected function rebound($abstract) { $instance = $this->make($abstract); foreach ($this->getReboundCallbacks($abstract) as $callback) { call_user_func($callback, $this, $instance); } } protected function getReboundCallbacks($abstract) { if (isset($this->reboundCallbacks[$abstract])) { return $this->reboundCallbacks[$abstract]; } return []; }
這裏面的 reboundCallbacks 從哪裏來呢?這就是 Laravel核心——Ioc服務容器 文章中提到的 rebinding
public function rebinding($abstract, Closure $callback) { $this->reboundCallbacks[$abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract)][] = $callback; if ($this->bound($abstract)) { return $this->make($abstract); } }
值得注意的是: rebinding 函數不只綁定了回調函數,同時順帶還對接口abstract進行了解析,由於只有解析過,下次註冊纔會調用回調函數。
singleton 綁定僅僅是 bind 綁定的一個 shared 爲真的形式:
public function singleton($abstract, $concrete = null) { $this->bind($abstract, $concrete, true); }
不對接口進行解析,直接給接口一個實例做爲單例對象。從下面能夠看出,主要的工做就是去除接口在abstractAliases 數組和 aliases 數組中的痕跡,防止 make 函數根據別名繼續解析下去出現錯誤。若是當前接口曾經註冊過,那麼就調用回調函數。
public function instance($abstract, $instance) { $this->removeAbstractAlias($abstract); $isBound = $this->bound($abstract); unset($this->aliases[$abstract]); $this->instances[$abstract] = $instance; if ($isBound) { $this->rebound($abstract); } } protected function removeAbstractAlias($searched) { if (! isset($this->aliases[$searched])) { return; } foreach ($this->abstractAliases as $abstract => $aliases) { foreach ($aliases as $index => $alias) { if ($alias == $searched) { unset($this->abstractAliases[$abstract][$index]); } } } } public function bound($abstract) { return isset($this->bindings[$abstract]) || isset($this->instances[$abstract]) || $this->isAlias($abstract); }
Context 綁定通常用於依賴注入,當咱們利用依賴注入來自動實例化對象時,服務容器實際上是利用反射機制來爲構造函數實例化它的參數,這個過程當中,被實例化的對象就是下面的 concrete,構造函數的參數接口是 abstract,參數接口實際的實現是 implementation。
例如:
$this->app->when(PhotoController::class) ->needs(Filesystem::class) ->give(function () { return Storage::disk('local'); });
這裏實例化對象 concrete 就是 PhotoController,構造函數的參數接口 abstract 就是 Filesystem。參數接口實際實現 implementation 是 Storage::disk('local')。
這樣,每次進行解析構造函數的參數接口的時候,都會去判斷當前的 contextual 數組裏面 concrete[concrete] [abstract](也就是 concrete[PhotoController::class] [Filesystem::class])對應的上下文綁定,若是有就直接從數組中取出來,若是沒有就按照正常方式解析。
值得注意的是,concrete 和 abstract 都是利用 getAlias 函數,保證最後拿到的不是別名。
public function when($concrete) { return new ContextualBindingBuilder($this, $this->getAlias($concrete)); } public function __construct(Container $container, $concrete) { $this->concrete = $concrete; $this->container = $container; } public function needs($abstract) { $this->needs = $abstract; return $this; } public function give($implementation) { $this->container->addContextualBinding( $this->concrete, $this->needs, $implementation ); } public function addContextualBinding($concrete, $abstract, $implementation) { $this->contextual[$concrete][$this->getAlias($abstract)] = $implementation; }
標籤綁定比較簡單,綁定過程就是將標籤和接口之間創建一個對應數組,在解析的過程當中,按照標籤把全部接口都解析一遍便可。
public function tag($abstracts, $tags) { $tags = is_array($tags) ? $tags : array_slice(func_get_args(), 1); foreach ($tags as $tag) { if (! isset($this->tags[$tag])) { $this->tags[$tag] = []; } foreach ((array) $abstracts as $abstract) { $this->tags[$tag][] = $abstract; } } }
利用數組進行綁定的時候 ($app()[A::class] = B::class),服務容器會調用 offsetSet 函數:
public function offsetSet($key, $value) { $this->bind($key, $value instanceof Closure ? $value : function () use ($value) { return $value; }); }
extend 擴展分爲兩種,一種是針對instance註冊的對象,這種狀況將當即起做用,並更新以前實例化的對象;另外一種狀況是非 instance 註冊的對象,那麼閉包函數將會被放入 extenders 數組中,將在下一次實例化對象的時候才起做用:
public function extend($abstract, Closure $closure) { $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract); if (isset($this->instances[$abstract])) { $this->instances[$abstract] = $closure($this->instances[$abstract], $this); $this->rebound($abstract); } else { $this->extenders[$abstract][] = $closure; if ($this->resolved()) { $this->rebound($abstract); } } }
服務器的事件註冊依靠 resolving 函數和 afterResolving 函數,這兩個函數維護着 globalResolvingCallbacks、resolvingCallbacks、globalAfterResolvingCallbacks、afterResolvingCallbacks 數組,這些數組中存放着事件的回調閉包函數,每當對對象進行解析時就會遍歷這些數組,觸發事件:
public function resolving($abstract, Closure $callback = null) { if (is_string($abstract)) { $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract); } if (is_null($callback) && $abstract instanceof Closure) { $this->globalResolvingCallbacks[] = $abstract; } else { $this->resolvingCallbacks[$abstract][] = $callback; } } public function afterResolving($abstract, Closure $callback = null) { if (is_string($abstract)) { $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract); } if ($abstract instanceof Closure && is_null($callback)) { $this->globalAfterResolvingCallbacks[] = $abstract; } else { $this->afterResolvingCallbacks[$abstract][] = $callback; } }
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