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服務容器對對象的自動解析是服務容器的核心功能,make 函數、build 函數是實例化對象重要的核心,先大體看一下代碼:laravel
public function make($abstract) { $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract); if (isset($this->deferredServices[$abstract])) { $this->loadDeferredProvider($abstract); } return parent::make($abstract); }
public function make($abstract) { return $this->resolve($abstract); } public function resolve($abstract, $parameters = []) { $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract); $needsContextualBuild = ! empty($parameters) || ! is_null( $this->getContextualConcrete($abstract) ); // If an instance of the type is currently being managed as a singleton we'll // just return an existing instance instead of instantiating new instances // so the developer can keep using the same objects instance every time. if (isset($this->instances[$abstract]) && ! $needsContextualBuild) { return $this->instances[$abstract]; } $concrete = $this->getConcrete($abstract); // We're ready to instantiate an instance of the concrete type registered for // the binding. This will instantiate the types, as well as resolve any of // its "nested" dependencies recursively until all have gotten resolved. if ($this->isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)) { $object = $this->build($concrete); } else { $object = $this->make($concrete); } // If we defined any extenders for this type, we'll need to spin through them // and apply them to the object being built. This allows for the extension // of services, such as changing configuration or decorating the object. foreach ($this->getExtenders($abstract) as $extender) { $object = $extender($object, $this); } // If the requested type is registered as a singleton we'll want to cache off // the instances in "memory" so we can return it later without creating an // entirely new instance of an object on each subsequent request for it. if ($this->isShared($abstract) && ! $needsContextualBuild) { $this->instances[$abstract] = $object; } $this->fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object); $this->resolved[$abstract] = true; return $object; }
在講解解析流程以前,咱們先說說使用make函數進行解析的分類:segmentfault
咱們詳細的講一下上圖。這裏我把使用make函數進行解析的狀況分爲大體兩種:數組
解析對象沒有綁定過任何類,例如:閉包
$app->make('App\Http\Controllers\HomeController');
解析對象綁定過實現類app
對於綁定過實現類的對象能夠分爲兩種:框架
綁定的是類名,例如:ide
$app->when('App\Http\Controllers\HomeController') ->needs('App\Http\Requests\InRequest') ->give('App\Http\Requests\TestsRequest');
綁定的是閉包函數
對於綁定的是閉包的又能夠分爲:學習
用戶綁定閉包,例如:
$app->singleton('auth',function($app){ return new AuthManager($app) });//對象類直接實現方法 $app->singleton(EloquentFactory::class, function ($app) { return EloquentFactory::construct( $app->make(FakerGenerator::class), database_path('factories') );//對象類依賴注入 });
服務容器外包一層閉包函數(make/build),例如:
$app->singleton( Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class, App\Http\Kernel::class );//包裝make $app->singleton( App\ConSole\Kernel::class, );//包裝build
咱們在這裏先大體講一下服務容器解析的流程,值得注意的是其中 build 函數有可能會遞歸調用 make:
獲取服務名稱。
加載延遲服務。判斷當前的接口是不是延遲服務提供者,如果延遲服務提供者,那麼還要對服務提供者進行註冊與啓動操做。
解析單例。若是接口服務是已經被解析過的單例對象,並且並不是上下文綁定,那麼直接取出對象。
獲取註冊的實現。實現方式多是上下文綁定的,也多是 binding 數組中的閉包,也有可能就是接口自己。
build 解析。首先判斷是否須要遞歸。是,則遞歸 make;否,則調用 build 函數;直到調用 build 爲止
執行擴展。若當前解析對象存在擴展,運行擴展函數。
創造單例對象。若 shared 爲真,且不存在上下文綁定,則放入單例數組中
回調
標誌解析
下面咱們開始詳細分解代碼邏輯。因爲 getAlias 函數已經在 上一篇 講過,這裏不會再說。而loadDeferredProvider 函數做用是加載延遲服務,與容器解析關係不大,咱們放在之後再說。
獲取解析類的真正實現,函數優先去獲取上下文綁定的實現,不然獲取 binding 數組中的實現,獲取不到就是直接返回本身做爲實現:
protected function getConcrete($abstract) { if (! is_null($concrete = $this->getContextualConcrete($abstract))) { return $concrete; } if (isset($this->bindings[$abstract])) { return $this->bindings[$abstract]['concrete']; } return $abstract; }
通常來講,上下文綁定的服務是經過依賴注入來實現的:
$this->app->when(PhotoController::class) ->needs(Filesystem::class) ->give(function () { return Storage::disk('local'); }); class PhotoController{ protected $file; public function __construct(Filesystem $file){ $this->file = $file; } }
服務容器會在解析 PhotoController 的時候,經過放射獲取參數類型 Filesystem,而且會把 Filesystem 自動解析爲 Storage::disk('local')。如何實現的呢?首先,從 上一篇 文章咱們知道,當進行上下文綁定的時候,其實是維護 contextual 數組,經過上下文綁定,這個數組中存在:
contextual[PhotoController][Filesystem] = function () { return Storage::disk('local'); }
如果服務容器試圖構造 PhotoController 類,那麼因爲其構造函數依賴於 Filesystem,因此容器必須先生成 Filesystem 類,而後再注入到 PhotoController 中。
在構造 Filesystem 以前,服務容器會先把 PhotoController 放入 buildStack 中,繼而再去解析 Filesystem。
解析 Filesystem 時,運行 getContextualConcrete 函數:
protected function getContextualConcrete($abstract) { if (! is_null($binding = $this->findInContextualBindings($abstract))) { return $binding; } if (empty($this->abstractAliases[$abstract])) { return; } foreach ($this->abstractAliases[$abstract] as $alias) { if (! is_null($binding = $this->findInContextualBindings($alias))) { return $binding; } } } protected function findInContextualBindings($abstract) { if (isset($this->contextual[end($this->buildStack)][$abstract])) { return $this->contextual[end($this->buildStack)][$abstract]; } }
從上面能夠看出,getContextualConcrete 函數把當前解析的類(Filesystem)做爲 abstract,buildStack 最後一個類(PhotoController)做爲 concrete,尋找 this->contextual[concrete] [abstract] (contextual[PhotoController] [Filesystem])中的值,在這個例子裏面這個數組值就是那個匿名函數。
對於服務容器來講,綁定是能夠遞歸的,例如:
$app->bind('a','b'); $app->bind('b','c'); $app->bind('c',function(){ return new C; })
遇到這樣的狀況,bind 綁定中 getClosure 函數開始發揮做用,該函數會給類包一層閉包,閉包內調用 make 函數,服務容器會不斷遞歸調用 make 函數,直到最後一層,也就是綁定 c 的匿名函數。可是另外一方面,有一些綁定方式並無調用 bind 函數,例如上下文綁定 context:
$this->app->when(E::class) ->needs(F::class) ->give(A::class);
當make(E::class)的時候,getConcrete 返回 A 類,而不是調用 make 函數的閉包,因此並不會啓動遞歸流程獲得 C 的匿名函數,因此形成 A 類徹底沒法解析,isBuildable 函數就是解決這種問題的,當發現須要解析構造的對象頗有多是遞歸的,那麼就遞歸調用 make 函數,不然纔會調用build。
... if ($this->isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)) { $object = $this->build($concrete); } else { $object = $this->make($concrete); } ... protected function isBuildable($concrete, $abstract) { return $concrete === $abstract || $concrete instanceof Closure; }
獲取擴展閉包,並運行擴展函數:
protected function getExtenders($abstract) { $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract); if (isset($this->extenders[$abstract])) { return $this->extenders[$abstract]; } return []; }
前後啓動全局的解析事件回調函數,再啓動針對類型的事件回調函數:
protected function fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object) { $this->fireCallbackArray($object, $this->globalResolvingCallbacks); $this->fireCallbackArray( $object, $this->getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, $this->resolvingCallbacks) ); $this->fireAfterResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object); } protected function getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, array $callbacksPerType) { $results = []; foreach ($callbacksPerType as $type => $callbacks) { if ($type === $abstract || $object instanceof $type) { $results = array_merge($results, $callbacks); } } return $results; } protected function fireAfterResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object) { $this->fireCallbackArray($object, $this->globalAfterResolvingCallbacks); $this->fireCallbackArray( $object, $this->getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, $this->afterResolvingCallbacks) );
make 函數承擔瞭解析的大體框架,build 主要的職責就是利用反射將類構造出來,先看看主要代碼:
public function build($concrete) { // If the concrete type is actually a Closure, we will just execute it and // hand back the results of the functions, which allows functions to be // used as resolvers for more fine-tuned resolution of these objects. if ($concrete instanceof Closure) { return $concrete($this, $this->getLastParameterOverride()); } $reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete); // If the type is not instantiable, the developer is attempting to resolve // an abstract type such as an Interface of Abstract Class and there is // no binding registered for the abstractions so we need to bail out. if (! $reflector->isInstantiable()) { return $this->notInstantiable($concrete); } $this->buildStack[] = $concrete; $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor(); // If there are no constructors, that means there are no dependencies then // we can just resolve the instances of the objects right away, without // resolving any other types or dependencies out of these containers. if (is_null($constructor)) { array_pop($this->buildStack); return new $concrete; } $dependencies = $constructor->getParameters(); // Once we have all the constructor's parameters we can create each of the // dependency instances and then use the reflection instances to make a // new instance of this class, injecting the created dependencies in. $instances = $this->resolveDependencies( $dependencies ); array_pop($this->buildStack); return $reflector->newInstanceArgs($instances); }
咱們下面詳細的說一下各個部分:
if ($concrete instanceof Closure) { return $concrete($this, $this->getLastParameterOverride()); }
這段代碼很簡單,可是做用很大。前面說過閉包函數有不少種類:
用戶綁定時提供的直接提供實現類的方式:
$app->singleton('auth',function($app){ return new AuthManager($app) });//對象類直接實現方法
這種狀況 concrete(this) 直接就能夠解析構造出具體實現類,服務容器解析完畢。
用戶綁定時提供的帶有依賴注入的實現:
$app->singleton(EloquentFactory::class, function ($app) { return EloquentFactory::construct( $app->make(FakerGenerator::class), database_path('factories') );//對象類依賴注入
這種狀況下,concrete(this) 會轉而去解析 FakerGenerator::class,遞歸調用 make 函數。
bind函數使用 getClosure 包裝而來:
function($container, $parameters = []){ method = make/build; return $container->$method($concrete, $parameters); }
這種狀況,concrete(this) 將會繼續遞歸調用 make 或者 build。
當 build 的參數是類名而不是閉包的時候,就要利用反射構建類對象,若是構建的類對象不須要依賴任何其餘參數,那麼:
$reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete); $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor(); if (is_null($constructor)) { return new $concrete; }
若是須要依賴注入,那麼就要用反射機制來獲取 __construct 函數所須要注入的依賴,若是在make的時候帶入參數值,那麼直接利用傳入的參數值;若是依賴是類對像,那麼遞歸調用 make 函數;若是依賴是變量值,那麼就從上下文中或者參數默認值中去獲取:
... $dependencies = $constructor->getParameters(); $instances = $this->resolveDependencies($dependencies); ... protected function resolveDependencies(array $dependencies) { $results = []; foreach ($dependencies as $dependency) { if ($this->hasParameterOverride($dependency)) { $results[] = $this->getParameterOverride($dependency); continue; } $results[] = is_null($class = $dependency->getClass()) ? $this->resolvePrimitive($dependency) : $this->resolveClass($dependency); } return $results; }
解析變量值參數,若是變量值在上下文綁定中設置過,則去取上下文綁定的值,不然經過反射去取參數默認值,若是沒有默認值,那麼就要終止報錯:
protected function resolvePrimitive(ReflectionParameter $parameter) { if (! is_null($concrete = $this->getContextualConcrete('$'.$parameter->name))) { return $concrete instanceof Closure ? $concrete($this) : $concrete; } if ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) { return $parameter->getDefaultValue(); } $this->unresolvablePrimitive($parameter); } protected function hasParameterOverride($dependency) { return array_key_exists( $dependency->name, $this->getLastParameterOverride() ); } protected function getParameterOverride($dependency) { return $this->getLastParameterOverride()[$dependency->name]; } protected function getLastParameterOverride() { return count($this->with) ? end($this->with) : []; }
解析類參數,利用服務容器進行依賴注入:
protected function resolveClass(ReflectionParameter $parameter) { try { return $this->make($parameter->getClass()->name); } catch (BindingResolutionException $e) { if ($parameter->isOptional()) { return $parameter->getDefaultValue(); } throw $e; } }
值的注意的是服務容器裏面有個 buildStack,每次利用反射對參數進行依賴注入的時候,都要向這個數組中壓入當前的解析對象,前面說過這部分是爲了上下文綁定而設計的:
... $this->buildStack[] = $concrete;//壓入數組棧中 ... $instances = $this->resolveDependencies($dependencies);//解析依賴注入的參數 array_pop($this->buildStack);//彈出數組棧 ...
使用標籤綁定的類,將會使用 tagged 來解析:
public function tagged($tag) { $results = []; if (isset($this->tags[$tag])) { foreach ($this->tags[$tag] as $abstract) { $results[] = $this->make($abstract); } } return $results; }
服務容器中,咱們直接使用或者間接的使用 make 來構造服務對象,可是在實際的應用場景中,會有這樣的需求:咱們擁有一個對象或者閉包函數,想要調用它的一個函數,可是它函數裏面卻有其餘類的參數,這個就須要進行 call 方法注入
public function call($callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null) { return BoundMethod::call($this, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod); }
在 上一篇 文章中,咱們說過,call 函數中的 callback 參數有如下幾種形式:
閉包 Closure
class@method
類靜態函數,class::method
類靜態函數: [ className/classObj, method ];類非靜態函數: [ classObj, method ]
若 defaultMethod 不爲空,className
首先,咱們先看看 call 方法注入的流程圖:
從流程圖中咱們能夠看出來,雖然調用 call 的形式有 5 種,可是實際最終的形式是三種,第二種和第五種被轉化爲了第四種。
接下來,咱們詳細的解析源碼:
先看一下 call 方法的主體:
public static function call($container, $callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null) { if (static::isCallableWithAtSign($callback) || $defaultMethod) { return static::callClass($container, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod); } return static::callBoundMethod($container, $callback, function () use ($container, $callback, $parameters) { return call_user_func_array( $callback, static::getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, $parameters) ); }); }
能夠看出來,call 方法注入主要有 4 個大的步驟:
對於 className@method 和 className-defaultMethod,實例化 className 爲類對象,轉化爲 [ classObj, method ]。
判斷 [ classObj / classname, method ] 是否存在被綁定的方法,若是有則調用。
利用服務容器解析依賴的參數。
調用 call_user_func_array。
在這裏 className@method 和 className-defaultMethod 兩種狀況被轉化爲 [ classObj, method ], className會被實例化爲類對象,並從新調用 call:
protected static function isCallableWithAtSign($callback) { return is_string($callback) && strpos($callback, '@') !== false; } protected static function callClass($container, $target, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null) { $segments = explode('@', $target); $method = count($segments) == 2 ? $segments[1] : $defaultMethod; if (is_null($method)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('Method not provided.'); } return static::call( $container, [$container->make($segments[0]), $method], $parameters ); }
針對 [ className/classObj, method ], 調用被綁定的方法:
protected static function callBoundMethod($container, $callback, $default) { if (! is_array($callback)) { return value($default); } $method = static::normalizeMethod($callback); if ($container->hasMethodBinding($method)) { return $container->callMethodBinding($method, $callback[0]); } return value($default); } protected static function normalizeMethod($callback) { $class = is_string($callback[0]) ? $callback[0] : get_class($callback[0]); return "{$class}@{$callback[1]}"; } public function hasMethodBinding($method) { return isset($this->methodBindings[$method]); } public function callMethodBinding($method, $instance) { return call_user_func($this->methodBindings[$method], $instance, $this); }
那麼這個被綁定的方法 methodBindings 從哪裏來呢,就是 上一篇 文章提的 bindMethod:
public function bindMethod($method, $callback) { $this->methodBindings[$method] = $callback; }
從上面能夠看出來,methodBindings 中 callback 參數必定是 classname@method 形式的。
這一步就要經過反射來獲取函數方法須要注入的參數類型,而後利用服務容器對參數類型進行解析構建:
protected static function getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, array $parameters = []) { $dependencies = []; foreach (static::getCallReflector($callback)->getParameters() as $parameter) { static::addDependencyForCallParameter($container, $parameter, $parameters, $dependencies); } return array_merge($dependencies, $parameters); }
getCallReflector 函數利用反射來獲取參數類型,值得注意的是class::method是須要拆分處理的:
protected static function getCallReflector($callback) { if (is_string($callback) && strpos($callback, '::') !== false) { $callback = explode('::', $callback); } return is_array($callback) ? new ReflectionMethod($callback[0], $callback[1]) : new ReflectionFunction($callback); }
利用傳入的參數,利用服務容器構建解析參數類型,或者獲取參數默認值:
protected static function addDependencyForCallParameter($container, $parameter, array &$parameters, &$dependencies) { if (array_key_exists($parameter->name, $parameters)) { $dependencies[] = $parameters[$parameter->name]; unset($parameters[$parameter->name]); } elseif ($parameter->getClass()) { $dependencies[] = $container->make($parameter->getClass()->name); } elseif ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) { $dependencies[] = $parameter->getDefaultValue(); } }
關於這個函數能夠參考 Laravel學習筆記之Callback Type
call_user_func_array( $callback, static::getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, $parameters) );
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