slf4j不是一個具體的日誌解決方案,它只是服務於各類各樣的日誌系統。就像JDBC同樣,它只是做爲一個用於日誌系統的Facade,但它比JDBC更簡單,JDBC須要你去指定驅動,而slf4j只需你將具體的日誌系統的jar包添加到classpath便可。html
slf4j提供了一些重要的API定義及LoggerFactory類。但LoggerFactory不是能夠具體建立Logger對象的工廠,它的主要功能是綁定你所指定的Factory,並使用綁定的LoggerFactory來建立你所須要的Logger對象。java
咱們在記錄日誌的時候要得到一個Logger對象,代碼以下apache
那麼咱們知道LoggerFactory是依賴於你指定的具體的日誌系統來建立Logger,那麼它是如何找到指定的LoggerFactory?api
首先看 LoggerFactory.getLogger(Class<?> clazz)源碼分析
public static Logger getLogger(Class<?> clazz) { Logger logger = getLogger(clazz.getName()); if (DETECT_LOGGER_NAME_MISMATCH) { Class<?> autoComputedCallingClass = Util.getCallingClass(); if (nonMatchingClasses(clazz, autoComputedCallingClass)) { Util.report(String.format("Detected logger name mismatch. Given name: \"%s\"; computed name: \"%s\".", logger.getName(), autoComputedCallingClass.getName())); Util.report("See " + LOGGER_NAME_MISMATCH_URL + " for an explanation"); } } return logger; }
public static Logger getLogger(String name) { // 獲取具體的LoggerFactory ILoggerFactory iLoggerFactory = getILoggerFactory(); return iLoggerFactory.getLogger(name); }
static final int UNINITIALIZED = 0; static final int ONGOING_INITIALIZATION = 1; static final int FAILED_INITIALIZATION = 2; static final int SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION = 3; static final int NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION = 4; public static ILoggerFactory getILoggerFactory() { // 若是沒有進行初始化(未綁定具體的LoggerFactory),就進行初始化,初始狀態就是UNINITIALIZED,因此第一次執行時進入performInitialization()方法 if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == UNINITIALIZED) { INITIALIZATION_STATE = ONGOING_INITIALIZATION; performInitialization(); } switch (INITIALIZATION_STATE) { case SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION: return StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton().getLoggerFactory(); case NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION: return NOP_FALLBACK_FACTORY; case FAILED_INITIALIZATION: throw new IllegalStateException(UNSUCCESSFUL_INIT_MSG); case ONGOING_INITIALIZATION: // support re-entrant behavior. // See also http://bugzilla.slf4j.org/show_bug.cgi?id=106 return TEMP_FACTORY; } throw new IllegalStateException("Unreachable code"); }
private final static void performInitialization() { // 綁定具體的LoggerFactory bind(); if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION) { // 查看是否知足特定的jdk版本 versionSanityCheck(); } }
綁定具體的LoggerFactoryui
private final static void bind() { try { // 找到classpath下全部的StaticLoggerBinder Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet(); // 若是StaticLoggerBinder多於1個則報告異常 reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); // 此處是重點,詳細解釋看下面 StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton(); // 將初始化狀態置爲成功 INITIALIZATION_STATE = SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION; reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); fixSubstitutedLoggers(); } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ncde) { String msg = ncde.getMessage(); if (messageContainsOrgSlf4jImplStaticLoggerBinder(msg)) { INITIALIZATION_STATE = NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION; Util.report("Failed to load class \"org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder\"."); Util.report("Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation"); Util.report("See " + NO_STATICLOGGERBINDER_URL + " for further details."); } else { failedBinding(ncde); throw ncde; } } catch (java.lang.NoSuchMethodError nsme) { String msg = nsme.getMessage(); if (msg != null && msg.indexOf("org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton()") != -1) { INITIALIZATION_STATE = FAILED_INITIALIZATION; Util.report("slf4j-api 1.6.x (or later) is incompatible with this binding."); Util.report("Your binding is version 1.5.5 or earlier."); Util.report("Upgrade your binding to version 1.6.x."); } throw nsme; } catch (Exception e) { failedBinding(e); throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected initialization failure", e); } }
// We need to use the name of the StaticLoggerBinder class, but we can't reference // the class itself. private static String STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH = "org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class" private static Set<URL> findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet() { Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = new LinkedHashSet<URL>(); try { // 拿到當前類的類加載器 ClassLoader loggerFactoryClassLoader = LoggerFactory.class.getClassLoader(); Enumeration<URL> paths; if (loggerFactoryClassLoader == null) { paths = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH); } else { // 類加載器找到classpath下全部的"org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class"類的絕對路徑 // 例如 "file:/Users/lushun/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j-impl/2.1/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class" paths = loggerFactoryClassLoader.getResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH); } while (paths.hasMoreElements()) { URL path = (URL) paths.nextElement(); staticLoggerBinderPathSet.add(path); } } catch (IOException ioe) { Util.report("Error getting resources from path", ioe); } return staticLoggerBinderPathSet; }
下面看最重要的一行代碼this
StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton();
首先咱們要明白StaticLoggerBinder是幹什麼的。每個要與slf4j對接的具體實現的日誌系統,都要實現一個包名爲org.slf4j.impl且類名爲StaticLoggerBinder的類,該類實現了LoggerFactoryBinder接口。spa
logback的實現.net
log4j的實現日誌
且每一個類都實現了一個getSingleton()方法,來建立一個惟一的StatisLoggerBinder。
那麼StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton()到底作了什麼事情。
將StaticLoggerBinder加載到JVM中並建立一個StaticLoggerBinder的對象,此時就實現了綁定。
剛纔的流程是分析在classpath中只有一個StaticLoggerBinder的狀況,那麼若是是兩個及兩個以上呢,即咱們將兩個或兩個以上的具體實現的日誌系統加入到classpath,那麼此時會有什麼問題。
例如咱們將logback log4j兩個都加入到classpath中。bind()執行時會有不一樣的表現
private final static void bind() { try { // 會找到兩個URL Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet(); // 若是StaticLoggerBinder多於1個則報告異常 reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton(); // 將初始化狀態置爲成功 INITIALIZATION_STATE = SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION; reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); fixSubstitutedLoggers(); } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ncde) { // do something } }
reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet)會報告異常,output以下
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.0.0/logback-classic-1.0.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j-impl/2.1/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton()會加載哪一個StaticLoggerBinder?reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet)輸出結果?
private static void reportActualBinding(Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet) { if (isAmbiguousStaticLoggerBinderPathSet(staticLoggerBinderPathSet)) { Util.report("Actual binding is of type [" + StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton().getLoggerFactoryClassStr() + "]"); } }
在本次試驗中output:SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.selector.DefaultContextSelector],說明綁定的是logback的StaticLoggerBinder.
咱們知道類的加載確定是類加載來選擇的,那麼類加載器究竟是如何選擇的?首先咱們要理解類加載器的機制。類加載器