Django增刪改查--圖書管理系統

時間 2019-11-12

原文原文鏈接

一對一出版社信息的增刪改查css

一對多出版社信息與書籍信息的增刪改查html

多對多書籍信息與做者信息的增刪改查數據庫

建表

from django.db import models

class Publisher(models.Model):
    pid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)            # 自增字段且設置爲主鍵
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)  # 設置惟一

    def __str__(self):
        return "{}--{}".format(self.pid,self.name)


class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
    pub = models.ForeignKey('Publisher',on_delete=models.CASCADE)    # 外鍵  要連接的類名能夠直接寫,也能夠寫在字符串內    級聯刪除

class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    books = models.ManyToManyField('Book')     # 多對多,生成第三張表

orm建表

一對一

1.設計URLnpm

URLdjango

2.寫函數bootstrap

from app01 import models

def publisher_list(request):
    '''展現數據'''
    # 獲取數據庫內全部出版社的數據
    publishers = models.Publisher.objects.all().order_by('pid')      # 獲取對象列表並按照pid字段排序
    return render(request,'publisher_list.html',{'publishers':publishers})  # 第三個參數是爲了給html文件傳值調用

def add_publisher(request):
    '''新增數據'''
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 獲取提交的數據(括號內爲input的name屬性值),沒有默認空字符串
        new_name = request.POST.get('new_name','').strip()
        # 設定輸入不能爲空
        if not new_name:
            return render(request,'add_publisher.html',{'err_msg':'輸入不能爲空','name':new_name})
        # 設定不能與數據庫現有數據重複
        obj_list =  models.Publisher.objects.filter(name=new_name)    # 在數據庫中查詢數據是否存在
        if obj_list:        # 數據重複
            return render(request, 'add_publisher.html', {'err_msg': '出版社名稱已存在', 'name': new_name})
        # orm往數據庫中寫入數據
        if new_name and not obj_list:
            models.Publisher.objects.create(name=new_name)
            return redirect('/publisher_list/')
    # 若是不是post請求,仍是返回本頁面
    return render(request,'add_publisher.html')

def delete_publisher(request):
    '''刪除數據'''
    # 找到須要刪除的數據的id
    pk = request.GET.get('pk')
    # 經過id在數據庫中找到對應的數據
    obj = models.Publisher.objects.filter(pid=pk)
    # 若是數據不存在(經過地址欄指定id進行刪除)
    if not obj:
        return HttpResponse('要編輯的數據不存在')
    # 刪除數據 返回展現頁面
    obj.delete()
    return redirect('/publisher_list/')

def edit_publisher(request):
    # 找到須要編輯的數據的id
    pk = request.GET.get('pk')
    # 經過id在數據庫中找到對應的數據  對象列表<QuerySet [<Publisher: 1--人民郵電出版社>]>
    obj_list = models.Publisher.objects.filter(pk=pk)
    # 若是數據不存在(經過地址欄指定id進行編輯)
    if not obj_list:
        return HttpResponse('要編輯的數據不存在')
    # 拿到數據    1--人民郵電出版社
    obj = obj_list[0]
    err_msg = ''
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 獲取用戶輸入的數據
        new_name = request.POST.get('new_name','').strip()
        # 設定輸入不能爲空,返回添加頁面
        if not new_name:
            err_msg = '輸入不能爲空'
            # return render(request, 'edit_publisher.html', {'obj': obj, 'err_msg': '輸入不能爲空'})
        # 設定不能與數據庫現有數據重複
        obj_list = models.Publisher.objects.filter(name=new_name)  # 在數據庫中查詢數據是否存在
        if obj_list:                      #有重複數據,返回添加頁面
            err_msg = '出版社名稱已存在'
            # return render(request, 'edit_publisher.html', {'obj': obj, 'err_msg': '出版社名稱已存在'})
        #修改數據
        if new_name and not obj_list:
            obj.name = new_name    # 在內存中修改
            obj.save()             # 寫入數據庫
            return redirect('/publisher_list/')   #跳轉到展現頁面

        return render(request,'edit_publisher.html',{'obj':obj,'err_msg':err_msg})
    return render(request, 'edit_publisher.html')

函數

3.寫模板app

在模板中 {% 邏輯 %} 表示邏輯 {{ 變量 }},能夠使用函數傳的參數進行渲染ide

<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>出版社信息</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <a class="btn btn-success" href="/add_publisher/" role="button">新增</a>
    <table class="table table-condensed">
        <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>序號</th>
            <th>ID</th>
            <th>名稱</th>
            <th>操做</th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
        {% for foo in publishers %}           # 開始循環
            <tr>
                <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                <td>{{ foo.pk }}</td>
                <td>{{ foo.name }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a class="btn btn-info" href="/delete_publisher/?pk={{ foo.pk }}" role="button">刪除</a>
                    <a class="btn btn-info" href="/edit_publisher/?pk={{ foo.pk }}" role="button">編輯</a>
                </td>
            </tr>
        {% endfor %}                        # 結束循環
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

publisher_list

<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加信息</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="">
    <div class="form-group">
            <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">名稱</label>
        <div class="col-sm-5">
            <input type="text" class="form-control" name="new_name" placeholder="出版社名稱" value="{{ name }}">
            <span>{{ err_msg }}</span>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
        </div>
    </div>
</form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

add_publisher

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>編輯信息</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="">
    <div class="form-group">
            <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">名稱</label>
        <div class="col-sm-5">
            <input type="text" class="form-control" name="new_name" value="{{ obj.name}}">
            <span>{{ err_msg }}</span>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
        </div>
    </div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

edit_publisher

一對多

1.設計URL函數

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^publisher_list/', views.publisher_list),
    url(r'^add_publisher/', views.add_publisher),
    url(r'^delete_publisher/', views.delete_publisher),
    url(r'^edit_publisher/', views.edit_publisher),

    url(r'^book_list/', views.book_list),
    url(r'^add_book/', views.add_book),
    url(r'^del_book/', views.del_book),
    url(r'^edit_book/', views.edit_book),
]

URL對應

2.寫函數oop

def book_list(request):
    '''書籍數據展現'''
    # 將數據庫中的數據讀取出來
    books = models.Book.objects.all()      #對象列表
    return render(request,'book_list.html',{'books':books})

def add_book(request):
    '''添加書籍信息'''
    # 獲取全部出版社信息
    publishers = models.Publisher.objects.all()
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 獲取提交的數據
        new_name = request.POST.get('new_name','').strip()
        pub_id = request.POST.get('pub_id')
        err_msg = ''
        # 不能爲空
        if not new_name:
            err_msg = '輸入不能爲空'
        # 不能與現有書籍重複
        obj = models.Book.objects.filter(name=new_name)
        if obj:
            err_msg = '書籍已存在'
        # 寫入數據庫
        if new_name and not obj:
            models.Book.objects.create(name=new_name,pub_id=pub_id)
            # 跳轉到展現頁面
            return redirect('/book_list/')
        return render(request,'add_book.html',{'publishers':publishers,'err_msg':err_msg,'new_name':new_name})
    # 若是不是post請求
    return render(request,'add_book.html',{'publishers':publishers})

def del_book(request):
    '''刪除書籍'''
    # 獲取刪除數據的pk
    pk = request.GET.get('pk')
    # 根據pk在數據庫中找出對應的數據
    obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk)
    # 若是pk不存在
    if not obj:
        return HttpResponse('要刪除的數據不存在')
    # 刪除數據
    obj.delete()
    # 返回展現頁面
    return redirect('/book_list/')

def edit_book(request):
    '''編輯書籍信息'''
    # 找到須要編輯數據的pk
    pk = request.GET.get('pk')
    #根據pk找到數據庫中的對應的數據
    obj_list = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk)
    obj = obj_list[0]
    publishers = models.Publisher.objects.all()
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 獲取提交的數據
        new_name = request.POST.get('new_name','').strip()
        pub_id = request.POST.get('pub_id','').strip()
        err_msg = ''
        if not new_name:
            err_msg = '輸入不能爲空'
        book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(name=new_name)
        if book_obj:
            err_msg = '書籍已存在'
        if new_name and not book_obj:
            obj.name = new_name
            obj.pub_id = pub_id
            obj.save()
            return redirect('/book_list/')
        return render(request,'edit_book.html',{'err_msg':err_msg,'obj':obj,'publishers':publishers})
    return render(request,'edit_book.html',{'publishers':publishers,'obj':obj})

函數

3.寫模板

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>書籍信息</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="panel panel-primary" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="panel-heading">書籍信息</div>
        <div class="panel-body">
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/add_book/" role="button">新增</a>
            <table class="table table-condensed">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>序號</th>
                    <th>ID</th>
                    <th>書名</th>
                    <th>出版社</th>
                    <th>操做</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for book in books %}
                    <tr>
                        <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                        <td>{{ book.pk }}</td>
                        <td>{{ book.name }}</td>
                        <td>{{ book.pub.name }}</td>
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-danger" href="/del_book/?pk={{ book.pk }}" role="button">刪除</a>
                            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/edit_book/?pk={{ book.pk }}" role="button">編輯</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                {% endfor %}
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>

</body>
</html>

book_list

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加書籍信息</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="panel panel-primary" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="panel-heading">添加書籍信息</div>
        <div class="panel-body">
            <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">書名</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-5">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" name="new_name" placeholder="書名" value="{{ new_name }}">
                        <span>{{ err_msg }}</span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">出版社</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-5">
                        <select name="pub_id" id="" class="form-control">
                            {% for publisher in publishers %}
                                <option value="{{ publisher.pk }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>
                                <span>{{ err_msg }}</span>
                            {% endfor %}
                        </select>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>

</body>
</html>

add_book

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>編輯書籍信息</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="panel panel-primary" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="panel-heading">編輯書籍信息</div>
        <div class="panel-body">
            <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">書名</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-5">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" name="new_name" value="{{ obj.name }}">
                        <span>{{ err_msg }}</span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">出版社</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-5">
                        <select name="pub_id" id="" class="form-control">
                            {% for publisher in publishers %}
                                {% if publisher == obj.pub %}
                                    <option selected value="{{ publisher.pk }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>
                                {% else %}
                                    <option value="{{ publisher.pk }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>
                                {% endif %}
                            {% endfor %}
                        </select>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>
</body>
</html>

edit_book

多對多

1.設計URL

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^publisher_list/', views.publisher_list),
    url(r'^add_publisher/', views.add_publisher),
    url(r'^delete_publisher/', views.delete_publisher),
    url(r'^edit_publisher/', views.edit_publisher),

    url(r'^book_list/', views.book_list),
    url(r'^add_book/', views.add_book),
    url(r'^del_book/', views.del_book),
    url(r'^edit_book/', views.edit_book),

    url(r'^author_list/', views.author_list),
    url(r'^add_author/', views.add_author),
    url(r'^del_author/', views.del_author),
    url(r'^edit_author/', views.edit_author),
]

URL對應

2.寫函數

def author_list(request):
    '''展現做者'''
    authors = models.Author.objects.all()
    # for i in authors:
    #     print(i.books)           # 關係管理對象
    #     print(i.books.all())     # 關聯的書籍對象
    return render(request,'author_list.html',{'authors':authors})

def add_author(request):
    '''新增做者'''
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        book_id = request.POST.getlist('book_id')   # get方法只會取一條數據,書籍爲多選,使用getlist方法,結果爲列表
        # 寫入數據庫,返回展現頁面
        author_obj = models.Author.objects.create(name=name)   # 建立做者對象
        author_obj.books.set(book_id)    # set方法 設置做者和書籍的多對多的關係  每次都是從新設置.刪除原有數據,生成新的id
        return redirect('/author_list/')
    books = models.Book.objects.all()
    return render(request,'add_author.html',{'books':books})

def del_author(request):
    '''刪除做者'''
    pk = request.GET.get('pk')
    models.Author.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
    return redirect('/author_list/')

def edit_author(request):
    '''編輯做者'''
    pk = request.GET.get('pk')
    edit_obj = models.Author.objects.get(pk=pk)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        books_id = request.POST.getlist('book_id')
        edit_obj.name = name
        edit_obj.save()
        edit_obj.books.set(books_id)  # 修改做者與書籍的多對多關係
        return redirect('/author_list/')
    books = models.Book.objects.all()
    return render(request,'edit_author.html',{'obj':edit_obj,'books':books})

函數

3.寫模板

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>做者信息</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="panel panel-primary" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="panel-heading"><h4>做者信息</h4></div>
        <div class="panel-body">
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/add_author/" role="button">新增</a>
            <table class="table table-condensed">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>序號</th>
                    <th>ID</th>
                    <th>做者</th>
                    <th>表明做</th>
                    <th>操做</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for author in authors %}
                    <tr>
                        <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                        <td>{{ author.pk }}</td>
                        <td>{{ author.name }}</td>
                        <td>
                            {% for book in author.books.all %}
                                {{ book.name }}
                            {% endfor %}
                        </td>
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn btn-danger" href="/del_author/?pk={{ author.pk }}" role="button">刪除</a>
                            <a class="btn btn-success" href="/edit_author/?pk={{ author.pk }}" role="button">編輯</
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                {% endfor %}
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

author_list

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加做者信息</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="panel panel-primary" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="panel-heading">添加做者信息</div>
        <div class="panel-body">
            <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-5">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" placeholder="姓名">
                        <span>{{ err_msg }}</span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">表明做</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-5">
                        <select name="book_id" id="" class="form-control" multiple>
                            {% for book in books %}
                                <option value="{{ book.pk }}">{{ book.name }}</option>
                            {% endfor %}
                        </select>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

add_author

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>修改做者信息</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="panel panel-primary" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="panel-heading">編輯做者信息</div>
        <div class="panel-body">
            <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-5">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" name="new_name" value="{{ obj.name }}">
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputName3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">表明做</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-5">
                        <select name="book_id" id="" class="form-control" multiple>
                            {% for book in books %}
                                {% if book in obj.books.all %}
                                    <option selected value="{{ book.pk }}">{{ book.name }}</option>
                                {% else %}
                                    <option value="{{ book.pk }}">{{ book.name }}</option>
                                {% endif %}
                            {% endfor %}
                        </select>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>
</body>
</html>

edit_author

建立多對多關係的三種方式

1.Django建立第三張表

class Author(models.Model):
   name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
   books = models.ManyToManyField('Book')  # 表示多對多的關係  生成第三張表

2.本身建立第三張表

　　能夠在第三張表中添加另外的字段和數據,利用django直接建立是作不到的,可是查詢數據比較複雜

class Author(models.Model):
   name = models.CharField(max_length=32)


class Author_Book(models.Model):
   author = models.ForeignKey('Author')
   book = models.ForeignKey('Book')
   time = models.CharField(max_length=32)

3.Django + 自建表

　　經過Django和自建表的形式,既能夠在表中添加字段和數據,也解決了查詢困難的事情

class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    books = models.ManyToManyField('Book',through='Author_Book')  # 表示多對多的關係 

class Author_Book(models.Model):
   author = models.ForeignKey('Author')
   book = models.ForeignKey('Book')
   time = models.CharField(max_length=32)

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