CentOS6.x 下 LNMP環境搭建（1、安裝 MySQL）

CentOS6.x 下 LNMP環境搭建（準備篇）

CentOS6.x 下 LNMP環境搭建（1、安裝 MySQL）

CentOS6.x 下 LNMP環境搭建（2、安裝 Nginx）

CentOS6.x 下 LNMP環境搭建（3、安裝 PHP）

1. 建立用戶

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql

    ---- 檢查 ----
    # tail -1 /etc/passwd
    mysql:x:501:501::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
    # id mysql
    uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)
    ---- 檢查 ----
注：也能夠用一條命令代替【useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M】

2. 解壓、配置

# cd /root/src
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.50-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
# mv mysql-5.5.50-linux2.6-x86_64 /lnmp/server/mysql-5.5.50 && cd /lnmp/server
# ls -l
# ln -s /lnmp/server/mysql-5.5.50/ mysql
# ls -l
# cd mysql
# ls -l support-files/*.cnf    <------- 查看全部配置樣例
# /bin/cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf    <------- /bin/cp 直接覆蓋重名文件，不提示

3. 初始化數據（是否須要單獨掛一個目錄？根據須要）
 

# mkdir -p /data/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/lnmp/server/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql
...
Installing MySQL system tables...
160529 18:23:19 [Note] /lnmp/server/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.50) starting as process 33182 ...
OK
Filling help tables...
160529 18:23:20 [Note] /lnmp/server/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.50) starting as process 33189 ...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
...

注：如上出現兩個ok，標識初始化成功；不然失敗，需解決初始化錯誤

4. 修改設置並啓動服務

# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/lnmp/server/mysql#g' /lnmp/server/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld
    <------- 替換二進制包的默認MySQL安裝路徑
# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld    <------- 修改 basedir 和 datadir，以下
basedir=/lnmp/server/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start  <------- 啓動服務
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!

檢查 3306 是否啓動：
# netstat -tlunp|grep mysql
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306     0.0.0.0:*      LISTEN      33457/mysqld

5. 設置開機自啓動

# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig mysqld on
# chkconfig --list|grep mysqld
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

6. 配置MySQL命令全局使用

# echo 'export PATH=/lnmp/server/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
# tail -1 /etc/profile  <------- 檢查寫入文件
export PATH=/lnmp/server/mysql/bin:$PATH
# source /etc/profile   <------- 使修改立刻生效
# echo $PATH    <------- 檢查最終設置結果
/lnmp/server/mysql/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/whoru/bin

7. 登陸測試，更改默認管理員密碼
 

# mysql     <------- 輸入 mysql 能夠直接登陸，安裝好後默認密碼爲空
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
.....
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>quit;     <------- 退出 mysql 命令行
# mysqladmin -u root password 'whoru123'    <------- 修改 root 默認的空密碼
# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
# mysql -uroot -p   <------- 必須使用用戶名和密碼登陸
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
.....
mysql>

8. 清理沒有用的用戶及庫

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1       |
|      | localhost |
| root | localhost |
|      | web1      |
| root | web1      |
+------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user "root"@"::1";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ""@"localhost";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ""@"web1";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user "root"@"web1";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;    <------- 清除緩存
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)