【Java進階面試系列之五】消息中間件集羣崩潰，如何保證百萬生產數據不丟失？【石杉的架構筆記】

時間  2021-08-13
標籤 面試 算法 性能優化 服務器 微信 markdown 架構 併發 app 分佈式 欄目 負載均衡 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

歡迎關注微信公衆號：石杉的架構筆記（id：shishan100）面試

個人新課**《C2C 電商系統微服務架構120天實戰訓練營》在公衆號儒猿技術窩**上線了，感興趣的同窗，能夠點擊下方連接瞭解詳情：算法

《C2C 電商系統微服務架構120天實戰訓練營》性能優化

**「**上一篇講消息中間件的文章《扎心！線上服務宕機時，如何保證數據100%不丟失？》，初步給你們介紹了一個在生產環境中可能遇到的問題，就是你的消費者服務可能會宕機，一旦宕機，你就須要考慮是否會致使沒處理完的消息丟失。這篇文章，再給不太熟悉MQ技術的同窗，介紹另一個生產環境中可能會遇到的問題。服務器

目前爲止，你的RabbitMQ部署在線上服務器了，對吧？而後訂單服務和倉儲服務均可以基於RabbitMQ來收發消息，同時倉儲服務宕機，不會致使消息丟失。微信

好，咱們來看下目前爲止的架構圖。markdown

那若是此時出現一個問題，就是說訂單服務投遞了訂單消息到RabbitMQ裏去，RabbitMQ暫時放在了本身的內存中，還沒來得及投遞給下游的倉儲服務呢，此時RabbitMQ忽然宕機了，會怎麼樣？架構

答案其實很簡單，默認狀況下，按照咱們目前的代碼和配置，這個數據就會丟失了。併發

因此在這裏而言，就牽扯到了RabbitMQ的一個較爲重要的概念：消息的持久化，用英文來講就是durable機制。app

而後這裏又有一個引伸的概念，若是按照咱們以前的代碼和配置，默認狀況下，RabbitMQ一旦宕機就再次重啓，就會丟失咱們以前建立的queue。因此首先得先讓queue是持久化的。分佈式

使用下面的代碼，就能夠把咱們的「warehouse_schedule_delivery」這個queue，也就是倉儲調度發貨的queue，設置爲持久化的。

這樣，即便RabbitMQ宕機後重啓，也會恢復以前建立好的這個queue。

channel.queueDeclare(
       "warehouse_schedule_delivery",
        true, 
        false,
        false,
        null);
複製代碼

你們看到上面那行定義和建立queue的代碼麼？核心在於第二個參數，第二個參數是true。

他的意思就是說，這個建立的queue是durable的，也就是支持持久化的。

RabbitMQ會把這queue的相關信息持久化的存儲到磁盤上去，這樣RabbitMQ重啓後，就能夠恢復持久化的queue。

OK，如今你的queue的信息能夠持久化了，RabbitMQ宕機重啓後會自動恢復queue。可是，你的queue裏的message數據呢？

queue裏都是訂單服務發送過去的訂單消息數據，若是RabbitMQ還沒來得及投遞queue裏的訂單消息到倉儲服務，結果RabbitMQ就宕機了。

那此時RabbitMQ重啓以後，他能夠恢復queue的信息，可是queue的message數據是無法恢復了。

因此此時還有一個重要的點，就是在你的訂單服務發送消息到RabbitMQ的時候，須要定義這條消息也是durable，即持久化的。

channel.basicPublish(
 "", 
 "warehouse_schedule_delivery",
 MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,
 message.getBytes());
複製代碼

經過上面的方式來發送消息，就可讓發送出去的消息是持久化的。

一旦標記了消息是持久化以後，就會讓RabbitMQ把消息持久化寫入到磁盤上去，此時若是RabbitMQ還沒投遞數據到倉儲服務，結果就忽然宕機了。那麼再次重啓的時候，就會把磁盤上持久化的消息給加載出來。

整個過程，以下圖所示：

可是這裏要注意一點，RabbitMQ的消息持久化，是不承諾100%的消息不丟失的。

由於有可能RabbitMQ接收到了消息，可是還沒來得及持久化到磁盤，他本身就宕機了，這個時候消息仍是會丟失的。

若是要徹底100%保證寫入RabbitMQ的數據必須落地磁盤，不會丟失，須要依靠其餘的機制。

下次有機會再繼續給不太熟悉MQ技術的同窗，來說解這裏的東西。

END

若有收穫，請幫忙轉發，您的鼓勵是做者最大的動力，謝謝！

一大波微服務、分佈式、高併發、高可用的原創系列文章正在路上

歡迎掃描下方二維碼，持續關注：

石杉的架構筆記（id:shishan100）

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做者：石杉的架構筆記
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