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1、日誌簡介
nginx日誌主要有兩種:訪問日誌和錯誤日誌。訪問日誌主要記錄客戶端訪問nginx的每個請求,格式
能夠自定義;錯誤日誌主要記錄客戶端訪問nginx出錯時的日誌,格式不支持自定義。兩種日誌均可以選擇
性關閉。
經過訪問日誌,你能夠獲得用戶地域來源、跳轉來源、使用終端、某個URL訪問量等相關信息;經過
錯誤日誌,你能夠獲得系統某個服務或server的性能瓶頸等。所以,將日誌好好利用,你能夠獲得不少有價
值的信息。
nginx
2、訪問日誌
[Access.log]
log_format main '$remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $http_host '
'$status $upstream_status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $ssl_protocol $ssl_cipher $upstream_addr '
'$request_time $upstream_response_time';
算法
變量名稱 | 變量描述 | 舉例說明 |
$remote_addr | 客戶端地址 | 113.140.15.90 |
$remote_user | 客戶端用戶名稱 | - |
$time_local | 訪問時間和時區 | 18/Jul/2012:17:00:01 +0800 |
$request | 請求的URI和HTTP協 議 |
"GET /pa/img/home/logo-alipay-t.png HTT P/1.1" |
$http_host | 請求地址,即瀏覽器中 你輸入的地址(IP或域 名) |
img.alipay.com 10.253.70.103 |
$status | HTTP請求狀態 | 200 |
$upstream_status | upstream狀態 | 200 |
$body_bytes_sent | 發送給客戶端文件內容 大小 |
547 |
$http_referer | 跳轉來源 | "https://cashier.alipay.com.../" |
$http_user_agent | 用戶終端代理 | "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windo ws NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; GTB7.0; .NET 4.0C; |
$ssl_protocol | SSL協議版本 | TLSv1 |
$ssl_cipher | 交換數據中的算法 | RC4-SHA |
$upstream_addr | 後臺upstream的地址, 即真正提供服務的主機 地址 |
10.228.35.247:80 |
$request_time | 整個請求的總時間 | 0.205 |
$upstream_response_ time |
請求過程當中,upstream 響應時間 |
0.002 |
線上實例:
116.9.137.90 - [02/Aug/2012:14:47:12 +0800] "GET /images/XX/20100324752729.png HTTP/1.1"img.alipay.com 200 200 2038 https://cashier.alipay.com/XX/PaymentResult.htm?payNo=XX&outBizNo=2012XX "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; Tablet PC 2.0; 360SE)" TLSv1 A後端
ES128-SHA 10.228.21.237:80 0.198 0.001
線下測試($http_referer):瀏覽器
10.14.21.197 - - [14/Aug/2012:17:28:22 +0800] "GET /spanner/watch/v1?--db=ztg-1&--mode=compare&--index=status&--option=&--cluster=whole&-F=2012%2F8%2F12-00%3A00%3A00&-T=%2B2880&-i=1&n=0&_=1344936501292 HTTP/1.1" 200 94193 "http://spanner.alipay.net/optionFrame/history.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT
6.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.60 Safari/537.1"
備註:$http_referer和重定向有關。
線下測試($http_host):
備註:$http_host的值和你在瀏覽器裏輸入的值有關。
3、錯誤日誌
服務器
錯誤信息 | 錯誤說明 |
"upstream prematurely(過早的) cl osed connection" |
請求uri的時候出現的異常,是因爲upst ream還未返回應答給用戶時用戶斷掉 鏈接形成的,對系統沒有影響,能夠 忽略 |
"recv() failed (104: Connection reset b y peer)" |
(1)服務器的併發鏈接數超過了其承 載量,服務器會將其中一些鏈接Down 掉; (2)客戶關掉了瀏覽器,而服務器還 在給客戶端發送數據; (3)瀏覽器端按了Stop |
"(111: Connection refused) while conn ecting to upstream" |
用戶在鏈接時,若遇到後端upstream掛 掉或者不通,會收到該錯誤 |
"(111: Connection refused) while readi ng response header from upstream" |
用戶在鏈接成功後讀取數據時,若遇 到後端upstream掛掉或者不通,會收到 該錯誤 |
"(111: Connection refused) while send ing request to upstream" |
Nginx和upstream鏈接成功後發送數據 時,若遇到後端upstream掛掉或者不 通,會收到該錯誤 |
"(110: Connection timed out) while co nnecting to upstream" |
nginx鏈接後面的upstream時超時 |
"(110: Connection timed out) while re ading upstream" |
nginx讀取來自upstream的響應時超時 |
"(110: Connection timed out) while re ading response header from upstream" |
nginx讀取來自upstream的響應頭時超時 |
"(110: Connection timed out) while re ading upstream" |
nginx讀取來自upstream的響應時超時 |
"(104: Connection reset by peer) while connecting to upstream" |
upstream發送了RST,將鏈接重置 |
"upstream sent invalid header while re ading response header from upstream" |
upstream發送的響應頭無效 |
"upstream sent no valid HTTP/1.0 hea der while reading response header fro m upstream" |
upstream發送的響應頭無效 |
"client intended to send too large bod y" |
用於設置容許接受的客戶端請求內容 的最大值,默認值是1M,client發送的 body超過了設置值 |
"reopening logs" | 用戶發送kill -USR1命令 |
"gracefully shutting down", | 用戶發送kill -WINCH命令 |
"no servers are inside upstream" | upstream下未配置server |
"no live upstreams while connecting t o upstream" |
upstream下的server全都掛了 |
"SSL_do_handshake() failed" | SSL握手失敗 |
"SSL_write() failed (SSL:) while send ing to client" |
|
"(13: Permission denied) while readin g upstream" |
|
nnecting to upstream" | |
"(99: Cannot assign requested address) while connecting to upstream" |
|
"ngx_slab_alloc() failed: no memory i n SSL session shared cache" |
ssl_session_cache大小不夠等緣由形成 |
"could not add new SSL session to the session cache while SSL handshaking" |
ssl_session_cache大小不夠等緣由形成 |
"send() failed (111: Connection refused) |