按下右側的「點擊預覽」按鈕能夠在當前頁面預覽,點擊連接能夠全屏預覽。javascript
https://codepen.io/comehope/pen/gBKWdWcss
此視頻是能夠交互的,你能夠隨時暫停視頻,編輯視頻中的代碼。html
請用 chrome, safari, edge 打開觀看。前端
第 1 部分:
https://scrimba.com/p/pEgDAM/cazRgcLjava
第 2 部分:
https://scrimba.com/p/pEgDAM/ceDK7cBgit
每日前端實戰系列的所有源代碼請從 github 下載:github
https://github.com/comehope/front-end-daily-challengeschrome
定義 dom,包含 5 個子元素,分別表明 iphone, mini, ipad, macbook, imac 這 5 種設備:數組
<div class="container"> <div class="device iphone"></div> <div class="device mini"></div> <div class="device ipad"></div> <div class="device macbook"></div> <div class="device imac"></div> </div>
居中顯示:dom
body { margin: 0; height: 100vh; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; background-color: #aaa; }
設置容器中子元素的佈局方式:
.container { position: relative; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }
設置設備的共有屬性,線性漸變圖案將做爲屏幕的背景:
.device { box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; display: flex; justify-content: center; background: linear-gradient(120deg, #ddd 30%, #ccc 30%); } .device::before, .device::after { content: ''; position: absolute; }
iphone, mini, ipad 的造型類似,都有頂部攝像頭、傳感器開口和底部按鈕,因此這些共有屬性能夠一塊兒設置,用 ::before
僞元素畫出頂部細節,::after
僞元素畫出底部按鈕:
.iphone::before, .mini::before, .ipad::before { width: 2px; height: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: #a5adbe; border-width: 0 12px 0 2px; } .iphone::after, .mini::after, .ipad::after { width: 8px; height: 8px; background-color: white; border-radius: 50%; }
接下來逐個畫出設備。先畫出 iphone 的輪廓:
.iphone { width: 59px; height: 124px; border: #484f5e solid; border-width: 18px 4px; border-radius: 6px; }
定位 iphone 的頂部和底部細節:
.iphone::before { top: -10px; } .iphone::after { bottom: -13px; }
相似地,畫出 mini:
.mini { width: 93px; height: 138px; border: #484f5e solid; border-width: 14px 5px; border-radius: 10px; } .mini::before { top: -8px; } .mini::after { bottom: -11px; }
再畫出 ipad:
.ipad { width: 134px; height: 176px; border: #484f5e solid; border-width: 18px 13px; border-radius: 12px; } .ipad::before { top: -10px; } .ipad::after { bottom: -13px; }
接下來畫 macbook,先畫屏幕:
.macbook { width: 234px; height: 155px; border: 8px solid #484f5e; border-radius: 7px 7px 0 0; }
用 ::before
僞元素畫出攝像頭:
.macbook::before { width: 294px; height: 14px; background-color: #e8ebf0; top: calc(100% + 8px); border-radius: 0 0 14px 14px; }
用 ::after
僞元素畫出主機:
.macbook::after { width: 3px; height: 3px; background-color: #a5adbe; top: -6px; border-radius: 50%; }
接下來畫 imac,先畫屏幕,屏幕的左、上、右的黑色邊框沒有用 border
屬性畫,是由於 border
會在端點處遺留一個斜角,因此改用 box-shadow
實現:
.imac { width: 360px; height: 215px; border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: inset 0 14px #484f5e, inset 14px 0 #484f5e, inset -14px 0 #484f5e; border-bottom: 33px solid #e8ebf1; transform: translateY(14px); }
用 ::before
僞元素畫出梯形的底座:
.imac::before { width: 90px; height: 0; top: calc(100% + 33px); border: solid transparent; border-bottom-color: #e2e4e8; border-width: 0 10px 47px 10px; }
用 ::after
僞元素畫出頂部的攝像頭和屏幕底部的按鈕,注意按鈕是用 box-shadow
實現的:
.imac::after { width: 4px; height: 4px; background-color: #a5adbe; top: 5px; border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: 0 191px 0 4px #464e5d; }
至此,設備所有繪製完成。
刪除除 iphone 以外的其餘設備的 dom 元素,只保留 1 個 dom 元素,後面的動畫效果都在這個 dom 元素上變化:
<div class="container"> <div class="device iphone"></div> <!-- <div class="device mini"></div> <div class="device ipad"></div> <div class="device macbook"></div> <div class="device imac"></div> --> </div>
設置容器尺寸,子元素垂直居中,設備的高度佔容器高度的 75%:
.container { width: 360px; height: 350px; justify-content: center; } .device { transform: translateY(-25%); }
在 dom 中增長 2 個按鈕元素,分別用 .left
和 .right
表示:
<div class="container"> <div class="device iphone"></div> <div class="buttons"> <span class="left"></span> <span class="right"></span> </div> </div>
定位按鈕的位置:
.buttons { position: absolute; width: inherit; font-size: 30px; height: 2em; bottom: 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-around; } .buttons > * { position: relative; width: 4em; }
按鈕爲向左和向右的箭頭:
.buttons > *::before { position: absolute; } .buttons .left::before { content: '←'; right: 0; } .buttons .right::before { content: '→'; }
設置按鈕樣式爲圓形:
.buttons > *::before { position: absolute; width: 2em; height: 2em; background-color: #484f5e; color: silver; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; border-radius: 1em; cursor: pointer; }
增長鼠標懸停效果:
.buttons > *::before { transition: 0.2s; } .buttons .left:hover::before { width: 4em; content: '⟵'; } .buttons .right:hover::before { width: 4em; content: '⟶'; }
增長按鈕點擊效果:
.buttons > *:active { transform: scale(0.9); filter: brightness(0.8); }
至此,按鈕製做完畢,接下來建立交互腳本。
定義一個獲取元素的函數 $
:
const $ = (className) => document.getElementsByClassName(className)[0]
定義一個存放設備名稱的數組:
let devices = ['iphone', 'mini', 'ipad', 'macbook', 'imac']
定義點擊行爲對數據的加工方法,當點擊左側按鈕時,把數組最左邊的 1 個元素移到最右邊,相反地,當點擊右側按鈕時,把數組最右邊的 1 個元素移到最左邊,這樣就能夠從 2 個方向循環遍歷數組了:
let loop = { 'left': () => devices.unshift(devices.pop()), 'right': () => devices.push(devices.shift()) }
定義點擊事件,根據數組的變化切換設備:
Array.from($('buttons').children).forEach(element => element.addEventListener('click', function(e) { loop[e.target.className]() $('device').className = 'device ' + devices[0] }) )
最後,設置設備切換的緩動效果:
.device, .device::before, .device::after { transition: 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.5, 1.7, 0.5, 1.2); }
大功告成!