實現一個 Trie (前綴樹),包含 insert, search, 和 startsWith 這三個操做。app
示例:code
Trie trie = new Trie(); trie.insert("apple"); trie.search("apple"); // 返回 true trie.search("app"); // 返回 false trie.startsWith("app"); // 返回 true trie.insert("app"); trie.search("app"); // 返回 true字符串
說明:string
前綴樹的基礎原理實現it
class Trie { public: struct TrieNode { TrieNode() : isword(false), children(26, nullptr){} ~TrieNode() { for(TrieNode* child : children) { if(child) delete child; } } bool isword; vector<TrieNode*> children; }; /** Initialize your data structure here. */ Trie() : root(new TrieNode()) { } TrieNode* root; const TrieNode* Find(const string &prefix) const { const TrieNode* newRoot = root; for(const char c : prefix) { newRoot = newRoot ->children[c - 'a']; if(newRoot == nullptr) break; } return newRoot; } /** Inserts a word into the trie. */ void insert(string word) { TrieNode* newRoot = root; for(char c : word) { if(newRoot ->children[c - 'a'] == nullptr) { newRoot ->children[c - 'a'] = new TrieNode(); } newRoot = newRoot ->children[c - 'a']; } newRoot ->isword = true; } /** Returns if the word is in the trie. */ bool search(string word) { const TrieNode* tmp = Find(word); return tmp != nullptr && tmp ->isword == true; } /** Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix. */ bool startsWith(string prefix) { return Find(prefix) != nullptr; } };