FeignClient接口如使用@PathVariable
,必須指定value屬性git
//在一些早期版本中, @PathVariable("id") 中的 "id" ,也就是value屬性,必須指定,不能省略。 @FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); ... }
Java代碼自定義Feign Client的注意點與坑github
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", configuration = UserFeignConfig.class) public interface UserFeignClient { @GetMapping("/users/{id}") User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); } /** * 該Feign Client的配置類,注意: * 1. 該類能夠獨立出去; * 2. 該類上也可添加@Configuration聲明是一個配置類; * 配置類上也可添加@Configuration註解,聲明這是一個配置類; * 但此時千萬別將該放置在主應用程序上下文@ComponentScan所掃描的包中, * 不然,該配置將會被全部Feign Client共享,沒法實現細粒度配置! * 我的建議:像我同樣,不加@Configuration註解 * * @author zhouli */ class UserFeignConfig { @Bean public Logger.Level logger() { return Logger.Level.FULL; } }
@FeignClient 註解屬性web
//@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user") //在早期的Spring Cloud版本中,無需提供name屬性,從Brixton版開始,@FeignClient必須提供name屬性,不然應用將沒法正常啓動! //另外,name、url等屬性支持佔位符。例如: @FeignClient(name = "${feign.name}", url = "${feign.url}")
類級別的@RequestMapping會被Spring MVC加載spring
@RequestMapping("/users") @FeignClient(name = "microservice-user") public class TestFeignClient { // ... }
類上的@RequestMapping
註解也會被Spring MVC加載。該問題現已經被解決,早期的版本有兩種解決方案:方案1:不在類上加@RequestMapping 註解;方案2:添加以下代碼:json
@Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Feign.class }) public class FeignMappingDefaultConfiguration { @Bean public WebMvcRegistrations feignWebRegistrations() { return new WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter() { @Override public RequestMappingHandlerMapping getRequestMappingHandlerMapping() { return new FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping(); } }; } private static class FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingHandlerMapping { @Override protected boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType) { return super.isHandler(beanType) && !beanType.isInterface(); } } }
首次請求失敗Ribbon的飢餓加載(eager-load)模式性能優化
如需產生Hystrix Stream監控信息,須要作一些額外操做Feign自己已經整合了Hystrix,可直接使用@FeignClient(value = "microservice-provider-user", fallback = XXX.class)
來指定fallback類,fallback類繼承@FeignClient
所標註的接口便可。app
可是假設如需使用Hystrix Stream進行監控,默認狀況下,訪問http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream 是會返回404,這是由於Feign雖然整合了Hystrix,但並無整合Hystrix的監控。如何添加監控支持呢?須要如下幾步:ide
第一步:添加依賴,示例:svg
<!-- 整合hystrix,其實feign中自帶了hystrix,引入該依賴主要是爲了使用其中的hystrix-metrics-event-stream,用於dashboard --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency>
第二步:在啓動類上添加@EnableCircuitBreaker 註解,示例:wordpress
@SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableCircuitBreaker public class MovieFeignHystrixApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MovieFeignHystrixApplication.class, args); } }
第三步:在application.yml中添加以下內容,暴露hystrix.stream端點:
management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: 'hystrix.stream'
這樣,訪問任意Feign Client接口的API後,再訪問http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream ,就會展現一大堆Hystrix監控數據了。
原文連接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-problems/
加依賴
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency>
編寫Feign Client
@FeignClient(name = "ms-content-sample", configuration = UploadFeignClient.MultipartSupportConfig.class) public interface UploadFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE}, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) @ResponseBody String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file); class MultipartSupportConfig { @Bean public Encoder feignFormEncoder() { return new SpringFormEncoder(); } } }
如代碼所示,在這個Feign Client中,咱們引用了配置類MultipartSupportConfig
,在MultipartSupportConfig
中,咱們實例化了SpringFormEncoder
。這樣這個Feign Client就可以上傳啦。
//RequestMapping註解中的produeces 、consumes 不能少; @RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE}, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@RequestPart(value = "file")
不能寫成@RequestParam(value = "file")
。 原文連接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/spring-cloud-feign-upload/
添加依賴:
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency>
Feign Client示例:
@FeignClient(name = "xxx", url = "http://www.itmuch.com/", configuration = TestFeignClient.FormSupportConfig.class) public interface TestFeignClient { @PostMapping(value = "/test", consumes = {MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE}, produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE} ) void post(Map<String, ?> queryParam); class FormSupportConfig { @Autowired private ObjectFactory<HttpMessageConverters> messageConverters; // new一個form編碼器,實現支持form表單提交 @Bean public Encoder feignFormEncoder() { return new SpringFormEncoder(new SpringEncoder(messageConverters)); } // 開啓Feign的日誌 @Bean public Logger.Level logger() { return Logger.Level.FULL; } } }
調用示例:
@GetMapping("/user/{id}") public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) { HashMap<String, String> param = Maps.newHashMap(); param.put("username","zhangsan"); param.put("password","pwd"); this.testFeignClient.post(param); return new User(); }
日誌:
...[TestFeignClient#post] ---> POST http://www.baidu.com/test HTTP/1.1 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Accept: application/json;charset=UTF-8 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Content-Length: 30 ...[TestFeignClient#post] ...[TestFeignClient#post] password=pwd&username=zhangsan ...[TestFeignClient#post] ---> END HTTP (30-byte body)
由日誌可知,此時Feign已能使用Form表單方式提交數據。
原文連接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-form-params/
假設需請求的URL包含多個參數,例如http://microservice-provider-user/get?id=1&username=張三 ,該如何使用Feign構造呢?咱們知道,Spring Cloud爲Feign添加了Spring MVC的註解支持,那麼咱們不妨按照Spring MVC的寫法嘗試一下:
@FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User get0(User user); }
然而,這種寫法並不正確,控制檯會輸出相似以下的異常。
feign.FeignException: status 405 reading UserFeignClient#get0(User); content: {"timestamp":1482676142940,"status":405,"error":"Method Not Allowed","exception":"org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException","message":"Request method 'POST' not supported","path":"/get"}
由異常可知,儘管咱們指定了GET方法,Feign依然會使用POST方法發送請求。因而致使了異常。正確寫法以下
方法一[推薦]注意:使用該方法沒法使用Fegin的繼承模式
@FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @GetMapping("/get") public User get0(@SpringQueryMap User user); }
方法二[推薦]
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User get1(@RequestParam("id") Long id, @RequestParam("username") String username); }
這是最爲直觀的方式,URL有幾個參數,Feign接口中的方法就有幾個參數。使用@RequestParam註解指定請求的參數是什麼。
方法三[不推薦]多參數的URL也可以使用Map來構建。當目標URL參數很是多的時候,可以使用這種方式簡化Feign接口的編寫。
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User get2(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> map); }
在調用時,可以使用相似如下的代碼。
public User get(String username, String password) { HashMap<String, Object> map = Maps.newHashMap(); map.put("id", "1"); map.put("username", "張三"); return this.userFeignClient.get2(map); }
注意:這種方式不建議使用。主要是由於可讀性很差,並且若是參數爲空的時候會有一些問題,例如map.put("username", null);
會致使服務調用方(消費者服務)接收到的username是"" ,而不是null。
原文連接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-multiple-params-2/
加依賴引入okhttp3
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId> <artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId> <version>${version}</version> </dependency>
寫配置
feign: # feign啓用hystrix,才能熔斷、降級 # hystrix: # enabled: true # 啓用 okhttp 關閉默認 httpclient httpclient: enabled: false #關閉httpclient # 配置鏈接池 max-connections: 200 #feign的最大鏈接數 max-connections-per-route: 50 #fegin單個路徑的最大鏈接數 okhttp: enabled: true # 請求與響應的壓縮以提升通訊效率 compression: request: enabled: true min-request-size: 2048 mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json response: enabled: true
參數配置
/** * 配置 okhttp 與鏈接池 * ConnectionPool 默認建立5個線程,保持5分鐘長鏈接 */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass(Feign.class) @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class) //SpringBoot自動配置 public class OkHttpConfig { // 默認老外留給你彩蛋中文亂碼,加上它就 OK @Bean public Encoder encoder() { return new FormEncoder(); } @Bean public okhttp3.OkHttpClient okHttpClient() { return new okhttp3.OkHttpClient.Builder() //設置鏈接超時 .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //設置讀超時 .readTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //設置寫超時 .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //是否自動重連 .retryOnConnectionFailure(true) .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(10, 5L, TimeUnit.MINUTES)) .build(); } }
原文連接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PAjXS9d6Sxa04pw1Lw2HXQ