0029-如何實現CDH元數據庫MySQL的主備

時間  2019-11-07
標籤 如何 實現 cdh 數據庫 mysql 欄目 SQL 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

1.文檔編寫目的mysql

MySQL數據庫自身提供的主從複製功能能夠方便的實現數據的多處自動備份，實現數據庫的擴展。多個數據備份不只能夠增強數據的安全性，經過實現讀寫分離還能進一步提高數據庫的負載性能。本文檔講述如何實現MySQL主從複製。注：本文檔實現的MySQL主備模式爲Active-Passive而不是Active-Active，若是使用雙活的方式，建議企業內部配備MySQL的DBA來維護MySQL。CDH集羣在運行過程當中，MySQL的負載並不會過高，推薦的方式是Active-Passive模式，以下降維護成本和維護難度。sql

  • 內容概述

1.Master和Slave配置數據庫

2.構建主從複製vim

3.主從複製驗證安全

  • 測試環境

1.兩臺Linux服務器（172.31.10.118(主)/172.31.5.190），操做系統爲CentOS6.5服務器

2.MySQL5.1.73socket

3.採用root用戶操做oop

  • 前置條件

1.兩個MySQL版本必須一致性能

2.兩個MySQL已安裝好，且沒有任何數據測試

3.主MySQL必須開啓bin-log日誌

2.MySQL主從複製

2.1Master和Slave配置

配置文件說明：

log-bin：開啓二進制日誌，日誌文件前綴

server-id：數據庫服務的惟一標識確保標識不重複，通常設置爲服務器ip的末尾數

binlog-format：設置Mysql binlog記錄日誌的格式（格式含：Statement、MIXED、ROW），MySQL默認使用的是Statement，推薦使用MIXED。

  • Master主服務配置(172.31.10.118)

修改/etc/my.conf文件，增長以下配置

[root@ip-172-31-10-118 cloudera-scm-server]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=118
binlog_format=MIXED

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

  • Slave服務配置(172.31.5.190)

修改/etc/my.conf文件，增長以下配置

[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=190

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

  • 修改配置後重啓Master和Slave的MySQL服務。
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]#

2.1構建主從複製

  1. 在Master(172.31.10.118) 主MySQL上建立一個mysnc用戶

用戶名：mysync 密碼：mysync

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysync'@'172.31.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysync';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mysync用戶必須具備REPLICATION SLAVE權限。說明一下172.31.%，這個配置是指明mysync用戶所在服務器，這裏%是通配符，表示IP以172.31開頭的Server均可以使用mysync用戶登錄Master主服務器。也能夠指定固定IP。

命令行操做

[root@ip-172-31-10-118 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'mysync'@'172.31.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysync';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

2.查看Master(172.31.10.118) MySQL二進制日誌File與Position

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 |     1121 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

3.在Slave從MySQL上執行以下SQL

change master to
master_host='172.31.10.118',
master_user='mysync',
master_password='mysync',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
master_log_pos=1121;

命令行執行

[root@ip-172-31-5-190 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
...
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
...
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='172.31.10.118',
    -> master_user='mysync',
    -> master_password='mysync',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
    -> master_log_pos=1121;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql>

4.在Slave從MySQL上執行命令，啓動同步

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

5.在Slave MySQL上查看Slave狀態

mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.31.10.118
                  Master_User: mysync
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1121
               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 251
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1121
              Relay_Log_Space: 407
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

注意：上圖標註部分顯示爲「Yes」則表示主從複製構建成功。

2.3主從複製驗證

  1. 登陸Master主MySQL上執行SQL

2.登陸Slave從MySQL上執行SQL

3.在Master主MySQL上執行SQL

mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table table1(id int, name varchar(32));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| table1         |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

4.在Slave從MySQL上執行SQL查看

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| table1         |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

經過上述測試，Master主MySQL建立的庫和表都正常的同步到Slave從MySQL。

3.備註

  • 如何中止並刪除主從同步，在Slave從MySQL上執行以下SQL
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> reset slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

注意：執行上述操做後，須要重啓MySQL服務。

  • MySQL配置參數說明

參考文檔：http://blog.csdn.net/wlzx120/article/details/52301383

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