【筆記】CentOS升級Python2.7及安裝pip

CentOS升級Python2.7及安裝pip

1) 升級Python2.7

python -V  # 查看版本：Python 2.6.6

mkdir -p ~/Env/python; cd ~/Env/python  # 建立個目錄

wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.6/Python-2.7.6.tar.xz
tar Jxvf Python-2.7.6.tar.xz
cd Python-2.7.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/py-2.7.6  # "./configure -h"查看幫助
make  # 報模塊缺失時，有須要的安裝後重make
# issue: INFO: Can't locate Tcl/Tk libs and/or headers
#        Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
#        ...
# 注1：zlib必要，以後安裝setuptools要用。見"安裝setuptools"。
# 注2：openssl必要，以後pip要用。見"安裝pip"。
# 注3：bzip2也最好加，執行"yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel -y"。
make install

# 創建軟連接，默認指向Python2.7
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6.6
ln -s /usr/local/py-2.7.6/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
python -V  # Python 2.7.6

# yum不兼容Python2.7，須要指定爲原版本
vi /usr/bin/yum
# 將"!/usr/bin/python"改成"!/usr/bin/python2.6.6"

# ibus也不兼容Python2.7，須要修改
# 將"exec python"改成"exec python2.6.6"
ll /usr/bin | grep python  # 確認下python2.6.6
vi /usr/bin/ibus-setup  # 修改
vi /usr/libexec/ibus-ui-gtk  # 修改
reboot  # 可能須要重啓

2) 準備基礎環境

2.1) 安裝setuptools

cd ~/Env/python

wget http://pypi.douban.com/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-3.3.tar.gz  # 豆瓣源
tar zxvf setuptools-3.3.tar.gz
cd setuptools-3.3
python setup.py build
sudo python setup.py install
# 或者用ez_setup.py，一樣改成豆瓣源
# wget https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py
# python ez_setup.py --download-base http://pypi.douban.com/packages/source/s/setuptools/

# 缺乏zlib，安裝setuptools時出錯。
# issue: RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module
yum install zlib zlib-devel -y
# 重make Python2.7再安裝
cd ../Python-2.7.6
make  # 這時才注意先前make時缺了好多模塊
make install

# 環境變量
vi /etc/profile
# 添加以下內容：
# PY_HOME=/usr/local/py-2.7.6
# export PATH=$PY_HOME/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile  # 當前終端生效，reboot後纔會徹底生效
echo $PATH

2.2) 安裝pip

easy_install -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple pip

# 缺乏ssl模塊，pip使用時出錯
# issue: ImportError: cannot import name HTTPSHandler
yum install openssl openssl-devel -y
make  # Python-2.7.6目錄
make install

# 配置pip爲豆瓣源
mkdir ~/.pip  # ls或ll -a 查看隱藏內容
vi ~/.pip/pip.conf
# 添加以下內容：
# [global]
# index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple

2.3) 安裝virtualenv

su
pip install virtualenv
pip install virtualenvwrapper

virtualenv用於建立隔離的Python運行環境，依賴不一樣庫和版本時避免混亂。

virtualenvwrapper爲virtualenv上的擴展，提供更方便的命令。

2.4) 其餘

Document

• Sphinx
  • pip install Sphinx

Network

• Twisted
  • pip install Twisted
  • zope.interface
• Scrapy
  • pip install Scrapy

Web framework

• Django
  • pip install Django
• Tornado
  • pip install tornado
• Flask
  • pip install Flask

3) 參考

1. Centos 6.4 python 2.6 升級到 2.7