記錄一次CentOS環境升級Python2.6到Python2.7並安裝最新版pip

背景介紹

一次實驗中須要安裝python-etcd包。安裝這個包時要求的python和pip版本比目前系統的版本高。

 

系統是centos6.6    64位

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[root@minion01 ~] # uname -r 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 [root@minion01 ~] # uname -m x86_64 [root@minion01 ~] # cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.6 (Final) [root@minion01 ~] #

 

使用pip安裝python-ectd包時提示命令找不到，須要先安裝python-pip，pip是python的包管理工具

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[root@minion01 ~] # pip install python-etcd - bash : pip:  command  not found [root@minion01 ~] # yum install python-pip -y Installed:    python-pip.noarch 0:7.1.0-1.el6     此處省略安裝過程     [root@minion01 ~] #

 

繼續安裝python-ectd，提示pip版本過低，須要先升級pip。

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[root@minion01 ~] # pip install python-etcd /usr/lib/python2 .6 /site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_ .py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A  true  SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For  more  information, see https: //urllib3 .readthedocs.org /en/latest/security .html #insecureplatformwarning.    InsecurePlatformWarning You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 9.0.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the  'pip install --upgrade pip'  command . Collecting python-etcd /usr/lib/python2 .6 /site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_ .py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A  true  SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For  more  information, see https: //urllib3 .readthedocs.org /en/latest/security .html #insecureplatformwarning.    InsecurePlatformWarning    Downloading python-etcd-0.4.3. tar .gz      Complete output from  command  python setup.py egg_info:      Traceback (most recent call last):        File  "<string>" , line 20,  in  <module>        File  "/tmp/pip-build-dByULi/python-etcd/setup.py" , line 12,  in  <module>          if  sys.version_info.major == 2:      AttributeError:  'tuple'  object has no attribute  'major'            ---------------------------------------- Command  "python setup.py egg_info"  failed with error code 1  in  /tmp/pip-build-dByULi/python-etcd

 

按照上面的提示先升級pip

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[root@minion01 ~] # pip install --upgrade pip You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 9.0.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the  'pip install --upgrade pip'  command . /usr/lib/python2 .6 /site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_ .py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A  true  SSLContext object is not available. <br>This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For  more  information, see https: //urllib3 .readthedocs.org /en/latest/security .html #insecureplatformwarning.    InsecurePlatformWarning Collecting pip    Downloading pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)      100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 46kB /s Installing collected packages: pip    Found existing installation: pip 7.1.0      Uninstalling pip-7.1.0:        Successfully uninstalled pip-7.1.0 Successfully installed pip-9.0.1

 

繼續執行命令，提示python版本過低

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[root@minion01 ~] # pip install python-etcd DEPRECATION: Python 2.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team, please upgrade your Python. A future version of pip will drop support  for  Python 2.6 Collecting python-etcd    Using cached python-etcd-0.4.3. tar .gz      Complete output from  command  python setup.py egg_info:      Traceback (most recent call last):        File  "<string>" , line 1,  in  <module>        File  "/tmp/pip-build-okuCUU/python-etcd/setup.py" , line 12,  in  <module>          if  sys.version_info.major == 2:      AttributeError:  'tuple'  object has no attribute  'major'            ---------------------------------------- Command  "python setup.py egg_info"  failed with error code 1  in  /tmp/pip-build-okuCUU/python-etcd/

 

查看當前系統默認的python版本

1 2	[root@minion01 ~] # python -V Python 2.6.6

 

 

下載並解壓python2.7.10

新建一個tools目錄用於存放下載的tar包，下載並解壓，命令以下

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[root@minion01 ~] # mkdir /tools -p [root@minion01 ~] # cd /tools [root@minion01 tools] # wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tar.xz [root@minion01 tools] # unxz Python-2.7.10.tar.xz [root@minion01 tools] # tar -xf Python-2.7.10.tar [root@minion01 tools] # cd Python-2.7.10

 

配置編譯參數

1	[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # ./configure --enable-shared --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions --with-zlib

 

修改一個文件

1 2	[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # vim ./Modules/Setup 找到 #zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz去掉註釋並保存，而後進行編譯和安裝

 

編譯和安裝

1	[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # make && make install

 

查看安裝後的結果，備份原先的可執行文件，給新的文件作軟連接

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[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # ll /usr/local/bin/ total 48 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   101 Dec 19 13:29 2to3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    99 Dec 19 13:29 idle -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    84 Dec 19 13:29 pydoc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     7 Dec 19 13:29 python -> python2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     9 Dec 19 13:29 python2 -> python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  9776 Dec 19 13:29 python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  1687 Dec 19 13:29 python2.7-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    16 Dec 19 13:29 python2-config -> python2.7-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    14 Dec 19 13:29 python-config -> python2-config -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18547 Dec 19 13:29 smtpd.py [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # mv /usr/bin/python  /usr/bin/python_bak [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

 

再次查看版本，遇到以下報錯，修改配置文件

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[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # python -V python: error  while  loading shared libraries: libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot  open  shared object  file : No such  file  or directory <br>編輯配置文件，添加新的一行內容 /usr/local/lib ，保存退出 [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # vim /etc/ld.so.conf<br><br>查看添加後的結果，在第一行 [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # cat /etc/ld.so.conf /usr/local/lib include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf<br><br>執行ldconfig加載配置 [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # ldconfig<br><br>再次執行查看版本命令，正確顯示 [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] #  python -V Python 2.7.10

 

再次執行安裝python-ectd，有報錯。pip有問題

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[root@minion01 tools] # pip install python-etcd Traceback (most recent call last):    File  "/usr/bin/pip" , line 7,  in  <module>      from pip  import  main ImportError: No module named pip [root@minion01 tools] #

 

爲了解決上面問題，手動安裝pip，依次執行下面命令

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[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10] # cd .. [root@minion01 tools] # wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py [root@minion01 tools] # python get-pip.py [root@minion01 tools] # mv /usr/bin/pip  /usr/bin/pip_bak [root@minion01 tools] # ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip2.7 /usr/bin/pip

 

再次安裝python-ectd，成功執行

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再次安裝python-etcd，成功了 [root@minion01 tools] # pip install python-etcd Collecting python-etcd    Using cached python-etcd-0.4.3. tar .gz Collecting urllib3>=1.7.1 (from python-etcd)    Downloading urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (104kB)      100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 65kB /s Collecting dnspython (from python-etcd)    Downloading dnspython-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (177kB)      100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 68kB /s Building wheels  for  collected packages: python-etcd    Running setup.py bdist_wheel  for  python-etcd ...  done    Stored  in  directory:  /root/ .cache /pip/wheels/a4/72/72/513173535d5ec25c11dbb53ce7c53c92746bff62b362a402a7 Successfully built python-etcd Installing collected packages: urllib3, dnspython, python-etcd Successfully installed dnspython-1.15.0 python-etcd-0.4.3 urllib3-1.19.1 [root@minion01 tools] #