(轉)rvm安裝與經常使用命令

時間 2019-11-12

標籤 rvm 安裝經常使用命令简体版

原文原文鏈接

rvm是一個命令行工具，能夠提供一個便捷的多版本ruby環境的管理和切換。php

若是你打算學習ruby/rails, rvm是必不可少的工具之一。html

這裏全部的命令都是再用戶權限下操做的，任何命令最好都不要用sudo.html5

rvm安裝

$ curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
$ source ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bash_profile

修改 RVM 的 Ruby 安裝源到國內的淘寶鏡像服務器，這樣能提升安裝速度

$ sed -i -e 's/ftp\.ruby-lang\.org\/pub\/ruby/ruby\.taobao\.org\/mirrors\/ruby/g' ~/.rvm/config/db

ruby的安裝與切換

列出已知的ruby版本

rvm list known

安裝一個ruby版本

rvm install 1.9.3

這裏安裝了最新的1.9.3, rvm list known列表裏面的均可以拿來安裝。jquery

使用一個ruby版本

rvm use 1.9.3

若是想設置爲默認版本，能夠這樣linux

rvm use 1.9.3 --default

查詢已經安裝的ruby

rvm list

卸載一個已安裝版本

rvm remove 1.9.2

gemset的使用

rvm不只能夠提供一個多ruby版本共存的環境，還能夠根據項目管理不一樣的gemset.nginx

gemset能夠理解爲是一個獨立的虛擬gem環境，每個gemset都是相互獨立的。git

好比你有兩個項目，一個是rails 2.3 一個是 rails 3. gemset能夠幫你便捷的創建兩套gem開發環境，而且方便的切換。github

gemset是附加在ruby語言版本下面的，例如你用了1.9.2, 創建了一個叫rails3的gemset,當切換到1.8.7的時候，rails3這個gemset並不存在。ubuntu

創建gemset

rvm use 1.8.7
rvm gemset create rails23

而後能夠設定已創建的gemset作爲當前環境

use 能夠用來切換語言，或者gemset,前提是他們已經被安裝(或者創建)。並能夠在list命令中看到。

rvm use 1.8.7
rvm use 1.8.7@rails23

而後全部安裝的gem都是安裝在這個gemset之下。

列出當前ruby的gemset

rvm gemset list

清空gemset中的gem

若是你想清空一個gemset的全部gem,想從新安裝全部gem，能夠這樣

rvm gemset empty 1.8.7@rails23

刪除一個gemset

rvm gemset delete rails2-3

項目自動加載gemset

rvm還能夠自動加載gemset.

例如咱們有一個rails3.1.3項目，須要1.9.3版本ruby.整個流程能夠這樣。

rvm install 1.9.3
rvm use 1.9.3
rvm gemset create rails313
rvm use 1.9.3@rails313

下面進入到項目目錄，創建一個.rvmrc文件。

在這個文件裏能夠很簡單的加一個命令：

rvm use 1.9.3@rails313

而後不管你當前ruby設置是什麼，cd到這個項目的時候，rvm會幫你加載 ruby 1.9.3和rails313 gemset.

使用rvm來快速部署nginx+passenger

*首先安裝passenger

gem install passenger

而後使用passenger-install-nginx-module 來安裝nginx和部署。

由於這一步須要root權限（由於要編譯nginx）能夠用rvmsudo這個東西。（這個東西真是個好東西）

rvmsudo passenger-install-nginx-module

而後會讓你選擇是下載nginx源碼自動編譯安裝，仍是本身選擇nginx源碼位置。

選擇nginx手動安裝的能夠添加別的編譯參數，方便自定義編譯nginx。

而後一路下載安裝。默認的安裝位置爲/opt/nginx.

而後看看nginx.conf，都給你配置好了，只須要加上root位置（yourapp/public）就能夠了。

當我第一次安裝完成了，就驚呼，這也太爽了吧。

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RubyGems 鏡像 - 淘寶網

爲何有這個？

因爲國內網絡緣由（你懂的），致使 rubygems.org 存放在 Amazon S3 上面的資源文件間歇性鏈接失敗。因此你會與遇到 gem install rack 或 bundle install 的時候半天沒有響應，具體能夠用 gem install rails -V來查看執行過程。

這是一個完整 rubygems.org 鏡像，你能夠用此代替官方版本，同步頻率目前爲 15分鐘一次以保證儘可能與官方服務同步。

如何使用？

$ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
$ gem sources -a http://ruby.taobao.org/ $ gem sources -l *** CURRENT SOURCES *** http://ruby.taobao.org # 請確保只有 ruby.taobao.org $ gem install rails

若是你是用 Bundle (Rails 項目)

source 'http://ruby.taobao.org/' gem 'rails', '3.2.12' ...

Ruby 源代碼下載

RVM 改用本站做爲下載源, 提升 Ruby 安裝速度

For Mac

$ sed -i .bak 's!ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby!ruby.taobao.org/mirrors/ruby!' $rvm_path/config/db

For Linux

$ sed -i 's!ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby!ruby.taobao.org/mirrors/ruby!' $rvm_path/config/db

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https://github.com/saberma/vimfiles

介紹

這是經典的vim on rails開發工具

安裝

請確保您已經安裝了git-core,vim-7.2,ruby,rvm

sudo apt-get install exuberant-ctags ncurses-term vim-nox

git clone git://github.com/saberma/vimfiles.git ~/.vim

#初始化插件
cd ~/.vim
git submodule init
git submodule update
ln -s ~/.vim/vimrc ~/.vimrc

cd ~/.vim/bundle/Command-T/ruby/command-t
#必定要先切換回ruby1.8.7，不然vim會報錯:Vim: Caught deadly signal SEGV
rvm system
ruby extconf.rb
make
rvm default

注意

最新版本的rails vimfiles已經再也不使用fuzzy_finder實現快速打開文件的功能，而改用CommandT
其快捷鍵也由原來的ctrl + t 改成 leader + t，leader鍵即\鍵

外部新增文件後，CommandT列表中看不到時，須要手動輸入:CommandTFlush，刷新緩存

升級

2011.08.19已升級至最新版本，手動升級方法以下:

cd ~/.vim
git remote add akitaonrails git://github.com/akitaonrails/vimfiles.git
git pull akitaonrails master
git submodule foreach git pull

參考資源

使用說明參考這裏

如下爲akitaonrails原版詳細說明:

Vim

It is recommended that you use gVim in either Windows or Linux and MacVim for
Mac. Download from:

(Windows) http://www.vim.org/download.php#pc (gvim73_46.exe)
(Mac) https://github.com/b4winckler/macvim/downloads (snapshot-56)

Bundled Plugins

Ack – type :Ack [search pattern] to search your entire project
Align – align blocks of text using equal sign, make comment boxes and more
bufexplorer – manage your file buffers
Command-T – the fastest and most intuitive way for opening files in your project
cucumber – support for cucumber features such as syntax highlight, indentation, etc
endwise – support to close Ruby blocks such as ‘if’, ‘do’ with ‘end’
fugitive – support for Git, adding convenient commands such as :Gstatus, :Gread, :Gmove
haml – syntax highlight for HAML
html5.vim – omnicomplete function and syntax for HTML5
markdown – syntax highlight for Markdown
NERD_commenter – support to comment lines of code
NERD_tree – project pane that you can open with [leader] p
ragtag – easier way to create tags for html, erb, etc
rails – lot’s of tools to make it easier to manage your Rails projects
snipmate – support for textmate-like snippets for several languages
supertab – pseudo auto-complete with tab
surround – add, change, remove surrounding parentheses, brackets, quotes, etc
syntastic – checks for syntax errors in many languages
textile – syntax highlight for Textile
vim-coffee-script – syntax highlight for Coffee Script
vim-jade – Vim syntax highlighting for the Jade templating engine
vim-jquery – Vim syntax file to add some colorations for jQuery keywords and css selectors
vim-preview – [leader] P previews Markdown, Rdoc, Textile, html. Requires Ruby and other gems.
vim-ruby-sinatra – syntax highlight for Sinatra
vim-ruby – syntax highlight, smart identation, auto-complete for Ruby
vim-textobj-rubyblock – smart block selection in Ruby code
vividchalk – color scheme inspired by the classic Vibrant for Textmate
Zencoding – powerful way for HTML abbreviations (learn here: http://code.google.com/p/zen-coding/). Type abbreviation and press Ctrl+Y+comma (c-y ,)

Usage

Troubleshoot: Because of the large amount of submodules, if you ever have any
trouble after pulling from the repository, it will be easier to just back up
your old .vim folder and just git clone a new version.

Clone this repo into your home directory either as .vim (linux/mac) or
vimfiles (Windows). Such as:

git clone git://github.com/akitaonrails/vimfiles.git ~/.vim

Then ‘cd’ into the repo and run this to get the snippets submodule:

git submodule update --init

Now you should create a new .vimrc file in your home directory that
loads the pre-configured one that comes bundled in this package. You can do it
on Linux/Mac like this:

echo "source ~/.vim/vimrc" > ~/.vimrc

On Windows you should create a _vimrc (underline instead of dot) and add
the following line inside:

source ~/vimfiles/vimrc

This way you can override the default configuration by adding your own inside
this file.

You should also create a new .gvimrc file in your home directory. You can do
it on Linux/Mac like this:

echo "source ~/.vim/gvimrc" > ~/.gvimrc

On Windows you should create a _gvimrc (underline instead of dot) and add
the following line inside:

source ~/vimfiles/gvimrc

This way you can override the default GUI configuration by adding your own inside
this file.

Help Tags

At first usage of vim, type 「:」 while in command mode and execute:

call pathogen#helptags()

This will make the plugins documentations available upon :help

Dependencies

You will need these dependencies figured out:

Ruby (for the fuzzy finder plugin)
Exuberant Ctags (http://ctags.sourceforge.net/)
Ncurses-term (in Linux only)

In Ubuntu, for example, you will have to do:

apt-get install exuberant-ctags ncurses-term

In OS X, you can install ctags with homebrew

brew install ctags

On Windows you have to download Ctags and add ctags.exe in your PATH.

Mac OS X and most Linux distros come with Ruby already. If you’re in Windows
look for Luis Lavena’s latest Ruby Installer (http://rubyforge.org/projects/rubyinstaller/)

IMPORTANT: Command-T

The latest version replaces the old Fuzzy Finder with a new one called
「Command-T」 form wincent.com. I’ve replaced the old 「Command-T」 key
binding that used to open new tabs and assigned it to this new plugin
so it behaves the same as Textmate.

You may have problems in Mac/Linux because this plugin requires a native
extension, so you will have to do this:

rvm use system # use this line if using rvm
cd ~/.vim/bundle/Command-T/ruby/command-t
ruby extconf.rb
make

This means that you need to have your Ruby source files and GCC also
installed. A binary for Windows is already bundled so it should just
work. I’ve also included a binary compiled for Ruby Enterprise Edition,
but if you are using other Ruby distros, you will need to recompile.

There are binaries for Mac and Windows. The Mac version is compiled
against the default system Ruby for Mac OS X 10.6.5. The Windows version
is compiled against Ruby Installer 1.8.7-p330.

Ubuntu 11.04 and/or Vim 7.3.35

Ubuntu 11.04 comes bundled with Vim 7.3.35, which has 「flaky」 Ruby support.
Even if you do everything right, you might see the following crashes when
trying to use Command-T:

Vim: Caught deadly signal SEGV
Vim: Finished.

Segmentation fault

If this happens to you, update Vim to 7.3.154:

hg clone https://vim.googlecode.com/hg/ ~/vim
cd ~/vim
hg update -C v7-3-154
./configure --enable-rubyinterp
make
sudo make install

More details can be found here

Learn Vim

Visit the following sites to learn more about Vim:

http://vimcasts.org

There are many sites teaching Vim, if you know of any other that are easy
to follow for newcomers, let me know.

Credits

Original project and most of the heavy lifting: @scrooloose
All the cool plugins for Rails, Cucumber and more: @timpope
Great Command-T plugin by: Wincent
Hacks and some snippets: @akitaonrails

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Installing Prebuilt Binaries with RVM

Originally posted 2012-12-21.

I've been working with a lot of virtual machines lately, and using RVM to install the version of ruby I need took longer than installing the base system. If you go through the motions of rvm install {VERSION}, you might just gloss over this message:

No binary rubies available for: ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/{VERSION}.

Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm mount' to get more information on binary rubies.

Not reading the documentation for rvm mount might end up costing you a lot of time.

RVM Prepare

RVM has a list of premade binaries that it will download if it gets the chance - you can see the list in/usr/local/rvm/config/remote or on github (I used a system-wide RVM install for this. Your path may be ~/.rvm/config/remote). For binaries that don't exist in that list, there's the option of packaging your own.

I'll be assuming that we're building a 2.0.0-preview2 binary, using a server you can scp files to, which is also accessable at http://artifacts.corp/binaries/

rvm install 2.0.0-preview2 rvm prepare 2.0.0-preview2 --install -r artifacts.corp:/var/www/binaries/

The rvm prepare command should have made a file called ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2 in your current directory, and output something like the following.

--- upload: ssh "artifacts.corp" "mkdir -p /var/www/binaries//ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/" scp "ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2" "artifacts.corp:/var/www/binaries//ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2"

RVM rightly cares quite a bit about the OS that the build will be installed on, and strongly recommends that you follow the naming convention seen in that output as a way to organize and name your builds. Once those commands are run and the file is uploaded, we'll be ready for the next time that we need to install 2.0.0-preview2 on this OS.

RVM Mount

There are two ways to download premade binaries - rvm install {name}, which uses the list of prebuilt binaries if possible, or rvm mount -r {URI}. The former works with data from configuration files, while the latter works using just command line parameters. Let's install our Ruby using mount first, since it takes fewer steps:

rvm mount -r http://artifacts.corp/binaries//ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2 --verify-downloads 1

On the VM I tested this with, rvm mount takes 12 seconds, while rvm install takes 4 minutes. Of course, there's that verify-downloads flag and the lists of prebuilt binaries left to explain..

RVM Remote

As mentioned above, RVM has a list of prebuilt binaries for different platforms that it can download. In addition to the file (on ubuntu) at /usr/local/rvm/config/remote, RVM will also use/usr/local/rvm/users/remote, if present. You can see the rubies that RVM can download as binaries for your system with rvm list remote

# Rubies available for 'ubuntu/12.04/x86_64': rbx-2.0.0-rc1 ruby-1.9.3-p194 ruby-1.9.3-p286 ruby-1.9.3-p327

If we add the URL to our precompiled 2.0.0-preview2 binary to /usr/local/rvm/users/remote, it will show up in that list.

root$ echo "http://artifacts.corp/binaries//ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2" >> /usr/local/rvm/user/remote root$ rvm list remote # Rubies available for 'ubuntu/12.04/x86_64': rbx-2.0.0-rc1 ruby-1.9.3-p194 ruby-1.9.3-p286 ruby-1.9.3-p327 ruby-2.0.0-preview2

For this bit, there is every chance that I am missing, or misunderstanding, something. This may not be the best or right way to do things

Even though it shows up in the remote list, we still have to tell RVM that our server is an acceptable place to download rubies from. We do this by adding it to another textfile.

echo "rvm_remote_server_url=http://artifacts.corp/" >> /usr/local/rvm/user/db

Checksums

At this point, if you try rvm install 2.0.0-preview2 you would get an error message about checksums not matchng. With RVM's mount we used the --verify-downloads flag, which saves checksums of the file we download after the fact. Using that same flag, rvm install 2.0.0-preview2 --verify-downloads 1, will download and install the package correctly.

If however, you want to have RVM to use checksums to verify the download was successful, we can refer way back to the rest of the output from our rvm prepare command:

--- rvm/config/md5: http://artifacts.corp/binaries/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2=fdb22cbad861616f5e3b56f0e3d976be --- rvm/config/sha512: http://artifacts.corp/binaries/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2=eb1972575cee09b0de59f39815b2f9992366cd6aaf3e32ab214d39b054029cf904260933e8b2fa101c7b5eb548d013e0e05c09d3e93dbc97a1ae55789d6a046b

And add those lines to our user/* files

echo "http://artifacts.corp/binaries/ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2=eb1972575cee09b0de59f39815b2f9992366cd6aaf3e32ab214d39b054029cf904260933e8b2fa101c7b5eb548d013e0e05c09d3e93dbc97a1ae55789d6a046b" >> /usr/local/rvm/user/sha512 echo "http://artifacts.corp/binaries/ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2=fdb22cbad861616f5e3b56f0e3d976be" >> /usr/local/rvm/user/md5

Now, rvm install 2.0.0-preview2 will download a prebuilt binary from a server of your choosing, as well as verify that the checksum is the same as the package you built at the very beginning.

Phew.