Spring源碼:IOC原理解析(一)

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       IOC(Inversion of Control),即控制反轉,意思是將對象的建立和依賴關係交給第三方容器處理,咱們要用的時候告訴容器咱們須要什麼而後直接去拿就好了。舉個例子,咱們有一個工廠,它生產各類產品,當你須要某個產品,好比你須要一輛汽車,你就告訴工廠你須要一輛汽車,工廠就會直接返回給你一輛汽車,而不須要你本身經過付出勞動來獲得這輛汽車,你也不用關心工廠是如何生產這輛汽車。對應到咱們的程序中就是,IOC容器會幫咱們建立和管理對象,當你告訴容器你須要某個對象時,容器會把這個對象返回給你,而不須要本身去new出一個對象來,對象的建立和管理會由容器自動進行,直接從容器中拿來用就能夠了。IOC能夠說是Spring最核心的思想,它使咱們的開發變得簡單(對象之間的依賴關係能夠經過配置文件或者註解來創建),對於這種優秀的設計思想,咱們固然有必要研究一下它的底層實現原理。spring

       首先咱們來關注一個接口,源碼以下:     app

package org.springframework.beans.factory;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;

/**
 * 
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 13 April 2001
 * 
 */
public interface BeanFactory {

    
    String FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX = "&";


    
    Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException;

    
    <T> T getBean(String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException;

    
    Object getBean(String name, Object... args) throws BeansException;

    
    <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException;

    
    <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType, Object... args) throws BeansException;


    
    boolean containsBean(String name);

    
    boolean isSingleton(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;

    
    boolean isPrototype(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;

    
    boolean isTypeMatch(String name, ResolvableType typeToMatch) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;

    
    boolean isTypeMatch(String name, @Nullable Class<?> typeToMatch) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;

    
    @Nullable
    Class<?> getType(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;

    
    String[] getAliases(String name);

}

     

       這個接口即是spring核心的bean工廠定義,它是IOC容器的頂層接口,spring中全部bean工廠都直接或間接的繼承或實現了這個接口。咱們平時使用的最多的ApplicationContext接口也繼承了BeanFactory接口,所以它具備BeanFactory接口的全部功能,這裏順便提一下,從BeanFactory獲取bean時,實例化BeanFactory容器並不會實例化所配置的bean,只有當使用某個bean(getBean)時,纔會實時的實例化該bean;從ApplicationContext獲取bean時,實例化ApplicationContext容器時會一併實例化容器中的全部的bean。ide

       從BeanFactory的源碼能夠看出,它實現的核心功能就是根據名稱或類型來返回一個bean實例。一個工廠若是要具有這種功能,結合工廠模式的思想,咱們能夠試想一下它須要具有如下幾個條件:函數

       一、持有各類bean的定義,只有拿到了bean的定義信息,才能根據這些信息進行實例化;工具

       二、持有各類bean之間的依賴關係,若是一個類中持有對另外一個類的引用,那麼在對該類進行實例化時,必須根據類之間的依賴關係對相關類也進行實例化,所以,工廠必須得到類之間的依賴關係,不然沒法正確實例化;學習

       三、以上兩種信息都依賴於咱們的配置信息定義,好比xml配置文件,工廠須要一個工具來讀取配置文件的信息。測試

       以上是咱們設想IOC的實現思路,只要知足以上三個條件,就能構造一個工廠,生產各類bean。可是咱們仍是有一些疑問,好比在第一個條件中,咱們如何持有bean的定義呢?咱們先來看另一個接口:        ui

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;

import org.springframework.beans.BeanMetadataElement;
import org.springframework.beans.MutablePropertyValues;
import org.springframework.core.AttributeAccessor;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;

/**
 * 一個BeanDefinition描述一個bean實例具備的屬性值,構造函數參數值,以及具體實現的進一步信息。
 * 
 * A BeanDefinition describes a bean instance, which has property values,
 * constructor argument values, and further information supplied by
 * concrete implementations.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Rob Harrop
 * @since 19.03.2004
 */
public interface BeanDefinition extends AttributeAccessor, BeanMetadataElement {

    
    String SCOPE_SINGLETON = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_SINGLETON;

    
    String SCOPE_PROTOTYPE = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE;


    int ROLE_APPLICATION = 0;

    
    int ROLE_SUPPORT = 1;

    
    int ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE = 2;


    void setParentName(@Nullable String parentName);

    
    @Nullable
    String getParentName();

    
    void setBeanClassName(@Nullable String beanClassName);

    
    @Nullable
    String getBeanClassName();

    
    void setScope(@Nullable String scope);

    
    @Nullable
    String getScope();

    
    void setLazyInit(boolean lazyInit);

    
    boolean isLazyInit();

    /**
     * Set the names of the beans that this bean depends on being initialized.
     * The bean factory will guarantee that these beans get initialized first.
     */
    void setDependsOn(String... dependsOn);

    /**
     * Return the bean names that this bean depends on.
     */
    @Nullable
    String[] getDependsOn();

    
    void setAutowireCandidate(boolean autowireCandidate);

    
    boolean isAutowireCandidate();

    
    void setPrimary(boolean primary);

    
    boolean isPrimary();

    
    void setFactoryBeanName(@Nullable String factoryBeanName);

    
    @Nullable
    String getFactoryBeanName();

    
    void setFactoryMethodName(@Nullable String factoryMethodName);

    
    @Nullable
    String getFactoryMethodName();

    
    ConstructorArgumentValues getConstructorArgumentValues();

    
    MutablePropertyValues getPropertyValues();


    boolean isSingleton();

    
    boolean isPrototype();

    
    boolean isAbstract();

    
    int getRole();

    
    @Nullable
    String getDescription();

    
    @Nullable
    String getResourceDescription();

    
    @Nullable
    BeanDefinition getOriginatingBeanDefinition();

}

       

       BeanDefinition,顧名思義即是spring中的bean定義接口,spring的工廠裏持有的就是此接口定義的內容。從源碼能夠看出,這個接口繼承了兩個另外兩個接口,一個是AttributeAccessor接口,繼承這個接口就意味着BeanDefinition接口擁有了處理屬性的能力,另一個接口是BeanMetedataElement,它能夠得到bean的配置定義的元素,對於xml文件來講就是會持有bean的標籤。從源碼中咱們能夠看出,BeanDefinition接口定義了兩個方法,分別是void setDependsOn(String... dependsOn)和String[] getDependsOn(),從方法的說明能夠看出,這兩個方法就是設置依賴的bean的名稱和獲取依賴的bean的名稱,這就意味着只要咱們有一個BeanDefinition,就能獲得獲得bean的定義信息和bean之間的依賴關係,從而能夠生產一個完整的bean實例。this

       從上面兩個接口,咱們大體能夠猜出spring是如何持有bean的定義信息及依賴關係了,沒錯,就是讓bean工廠持有一個Map<String,BeanDefinition>,String型的beanName做爲key,BeanDefinition型的bean定義做爲value,這樣就能生產一個bean實例。BeanFactory接口固然不能持有這個map對象,那麼必定是在它的某個實現類裏所持有的,咱們找到了這個實現類,來看看源碼:

       

package org.springframework.beans.factory.support;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.NotSerializableException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import javax.inject.Provider;

import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.TypeConverter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InjectionPoint;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.SmartFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.SmartInitializingSingleton;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinitionHolder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.NamedBeanHolder;
import org.springframework.core.OrderComparator;
import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.CompositeIterator;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * 基於bean definition對象的完整bean工廠
 * 
 * Default implementation of the
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory} and
 * {@link BeanDefinitionRegistry} interfaces: a full-fledged bean factory
 * based on bean definition objects.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Sam Brannen
 * @author Costin Leau
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @since 16 April 2001
 * @see StaticListableBeanFactory
 * @see PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader
 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
        implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry, Serializable {

    @Nullable
    private static Class<?> javaxInjectProviderClass;

    static {
        try {
            javaxInjectProviderClass =
                    ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Provider", DefaultListableBeanFactory.class.getClassLoader());
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            // JSR-330 API not available - Provider interface simply not supported then.
            javaxInjectProviderClass = null;
        }
    }


    /** Map from serialized id to factory instance */
    private static final Map<String, Reference<DefaultListableBeanFactory>> serializableFactories =
            new ConcurrentHashMap<>(8);

    /** Optional id for this factory, for serialization purposes */
    @Nullable
    private String serializationId;

    /** Whether to allow re-registration of a different definition with the same name */
    private boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = true;

    /** Whether to allow eager class loading even for lazy-init beans */
    private boolean allowEagerClassLoading = true;

    /** Optional OrderComparator for dependency Lists and arrays */
    @Nullable
    private Comparator<Object> dependencyComparator;

    /** Resolver to use for checking if a bean definition is an autowire candidate */
    private AutowireCandidateResolver autowireCandidateResolver = new SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver();

    /** Map from dependency type to corresponding autowired value */
    private final Map<Class<?>, Object> resolvableDependencies = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16);

    /** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */
    //beanFactory持有此map,這樣就能夠在任什麼時候候獲取bean的BeanDefinition來建立一個bean實例
    private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

    /** Map of singleton and non-singleton bean names, keyed by dependency type */
    private final Map<Class<?>, String[]> allBeanNamesByType = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);

    /** Map of singleton-only bean names, keyed by dependency type */
    private final Map<Class<?>, String[]> singletonBeanNamesByType = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);

    /** List of bean definition names, in registration order */
    private volatile List<String> beanDefinitionNames = new ArrayList<>(256);

    /** List of names of manually registered singletons, in registration order */
    private volatile Set<String> manualSingletonNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(16);

    /** Cached array of bean definition names in case of frozen configuration */
    @Nullable
    private volatile String[] frozenBeanDefinitionNames;

    /** Whether bean definition metadata may be cached for all beans */
    private volatile boolean configurationFrozen = false;
}

       DefaultListableBeanFactory類,這個類是默認的bean工廠實現類,這裏只貼出了部分源碼,完整的代碼太長。咱們來看其中的一行代碼:

       

/** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */
    //beanFactory持有此map,這樣就能夠在任什麼時候候獲取bean的BeanDefinition來建立一個bean實例
    private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

       這行代碼證實了咱們的猜想,從方法是說明就能夠看出這是bean定義的map對象,以bean的名稱做爲key。到這裏思路就明確了,bean工廠的初始化就是往這個map對象里加東西,把咱們xml文件裏定義的bean填充到這個對象裏,bean工廠就能夠工做了。

       那麼怎樣將xml文件配置的bean註冊到這個map對象裏呢?咱們能夠試試如下思路:

       一、須要一個工具來找到xml配置文件,能夠稱之爲資源定位;

       二、須要一個Reader來讀取xml配置信息,即DOM解析;

       三、將讀取出來的信息註冊到map對象裏。

       以代碼來驗證一下,寫一個Person類做爲bean:

       

public class Person {

    public void work(){
        System.out.println("I am working...");
    }
}

       建立一個applicationContext.xml配置文件,配置bean:

       

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="person" class="com.springframework.bean.test.Person"></bean>
    
</beans>

       接下來寫個測試類:

       

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource("applicationContext.xml");
        
        DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
        
        XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(defaultListableBeanFactory);
        
        beanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(classPathResource);
        
        System.out.println(defaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinitionCount());
        
        Person person = (Person)defaultListableBeanFactory.getBean("person");
        
        person.work();
        
    }
}

       執行結果以下:

       

七月 06, 2017 9:41:48 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
1
I am working...

 

       從結果能夠看出,咱們成功解析了xml文件,並註冊了一個bean定義,經過getBean()方法成功返回了一個實例。上面的測試類用4行代碼實現了bean工廠的初始化:

       第一行,完成了資源定位;

       第二行,建立了一個默認的bean工廠;

       第三行,建立了一個Reader,這個Reader用來讀取xml文件,將建立的defaultListableBeanFactory 做爲參數傳遞給Reader,表示爲此工廠建立Reader;

       第四行,用Reader讀取配置信息,並將解析的bean定義註冊到defaultListableBeanFactory 中。

       執行完以上四個步驟,bean工廠酒杯正確初始化了,接下來咱們能夠調用工廠的方法,以及得到bean實例。

       可是在實際開發中不會這麼複雜,spring能夠更簡單的一步到位,它是這麼作的:

       

public class TestSpringBeanFactory {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("src/applicationContext.xml");
        
        System.out.println(ctx.getBeanDefinitionCount());
        
        Person person = (Person) ctx.getBean("person");
        
        person.work();
        
    }

}

       咱們看看執行結果:

       

七月 06, 2017 9:42:55 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext@20ad9418: startup date [Thu Jul 06 21:42:55 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
七月 06, 2017 9:42:55 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [C:\Users\fangfuhai\workspace\spring-code-learning\src\applicationContext.xml]
1
I am working...

 

       從結果能夠看出,spring用一行代碼就完成了咱們四個步驟,仔細看看日誌信息就能夠發現,spring也是用XmlBeanDefinitionReader 來讀取、解析並註冊,同時在日誌信息裏還多了兩行,這說明在這一行代碼裏,spring還作了更多的事情。

       咱們在new一個FileSystemXmlApplicationContext對象的時候,spring到底作了那些事情呢?下一章節咱們來一探究竟。

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