二進制部署Kubernetes集羣參考文檔（V1.15.0）

時間 2019-11-07

標籤二進制部署 kubernetes 集羣參考文檔 v1.15.0 欄目負載均衡简体版

原文原文鏈接

1、基礎概念node

一、概念linux

Kubernetes（一般寫成「k8s」）Kubernetes是Google開源的容器集羣管理系統。其設計目標是在主機集羣之間提供一個可以自動化部署、可拓展、應用容器可運營的平臺。git

Kubernetes一般結合docker容器工具工做，而且整合多個運行着docker容器的主機集羣。github

二、功能特性算法

a、自動化容器部署
b、自動化擴/縮容器規模
c、提供容器間的負載均衡
d、快速更新和快速回滾

三、相關組件說明docker

3.一、Master節點組件json

master節點上主要運行四個組件：api-server、scheduler、controller-manager、etcd。bootstrap

APIServer：APIServer負責對外提供RESTful的Kubernetes API服務，它是系統管理指令的統一入口，任何對資源進行增刪改查的操做都給APIServer處理後再提交給etcd。vim

schedule：scheduler的職責很明確，就是負責調度pod到合適的Node上。若是把scheduler當作一個黑匣子，那麼它的輸入是pod和由多個Node組成的列表，輸出是Pod和一後端

個Node的綁定，即將這個pod部署到這個Node上。Kubernetes目前提供了調度算法，可是一樣也保了接口，用戶能夠根據本身的需求定義本身的調度算法。

controller-manager：若是說APIServer作的是「前臺」的工做的話，那controller manager就是負責「後臺」的。每一個資源通常都對一個控制器，而controller manager就是

負責管理這些控制器的。好比咱們經過APIServer建立一個pod，當這個pod建立成功後，APIServer的任務就算完成了。然後面保證Pod的狀態始終和咱們預期的同樣的重任

就由controller manager去保證了。

etcd：etcd是一個高可用的鍵值存儲系統，Kubernetes使用它來存儲各個資源的狀態，從而實現了Restful的API。

3.二、Node節點組件

每一個Node節點主要由三個模塊組成：kubelet、kube-proxy、runtime。

runtime：指的是容器運行環境，目前Kubernetes支持docker和rkt兩種容器。

kube-proxy：該模塊實現了Kubernetes中的服務發現和反向代理功能。反向代理方面：kube-proxy支持TCP和UDP鏈接轉發，默認基於Round Robin算法將客戶端流量轉發到

與service對應的一組後端pod。服務發現方面，kube-proxy使用etcd的watch機制，監控集羣中service和endpoint對象數據的動態變化，而且維護一個service到endpoint

的映射關係，從而保證了後端pod的IP變化不會對訪問者形成影響。另外kube-proxy還支持session affinity。

kubelet：Kubelet是Master在每一個Node節點上面的agent，是Node節點上面最重要的模塊，它負責維護和管理該Node上面的全部容器可是若是容器不是經過Kubernetes建立

的，它並不會管理。本質上，它負責使Pod得運行狀態與指望的狀態一致。

3.三、pod

Pod是k8s進行資源調度的最小單位，每一個Pod中運行着一個或多個密切相關的業務容器，這些業務容器共享這個Pause容器的IP和Volume，咱們以這個不易死亡的Pause容器

做爲Pod的根容器，以它的狀態表示整個容器組的狀態。一個Pod一旦被建立就會放到Etcd中存儲，而後由Master調度到一個Node綁定，由這個Node上的Kubelet進行實例化。

每一個Pod會被分配一個單獨的Pod IP，Pod IP + ContainerPort 組成了一個Endpoint。

3.四、Service

Service其功能使應用暴露，Pods 是有生命週期的，也有獨立的 IP 地址，隨着 Pods 的建立與銷燬，一個必不可少的工做就是保證各個應用可以感知這種變化。這就要提

到 Service 了，Service 是 YAML 或 JSON 定義的由 Pods 經過某種策略的邏輯組合。更重要的是，Pods 獨立 IP 須要經過 Service 暴露到網絡中。

2、安裝部署

部署方式有多中，此篇文章咱們採用二進制方式部署。

一、環境介紹

主機名	IP	安裝軟件包	系統版本
k8s-master	192.168.248.65	kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler	Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3
k8s-node1	192.168.248.66	etcd,kubelet,kube-proxy,flannel,docker	Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3
k8s-node2	192.168.248.67	etcd,kubelet,kube-proxy,flannel,docker	Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3
k8s-node3	192.168.248.68	etcd,kubelet,kube-proxy,flannel,docker	Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3

軟件部署版本及下載連接

版本

kubenetes version v1.15.0

etcd version v3.3.10

flannel version v0.11.0

下載連接

kubernetes網址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.15.md#v1150

server端二進制文件：https://dl.k8s.io/v1.15.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

node端二進制文件：https://dl.k8s.io/v1.15.0/kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz

etcd網址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases

flannel網址：https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases

二、服務器初始化環境準備

同步系統時間

# ntpdate time1.aliyun.com
# echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -s time1.aliyun.com" > /var/spool/cron/root

修改主機名

# hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-master
# hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node1
# hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node2
# hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node3

添加hosts解析

[root@k8s-master ~]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.248.65 k8s-master
192.168.248.66 k8s-node1
192.168.248.67 k8s-node2
192.168.248.68 k8s-node3

關閉並禁用firewalld及selinux

# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
# setenforce 0
# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
  SELINUX=disabled

關閉swap

# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
# sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

設置系統參數

# cat /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1

三、kubernetes集羣安裝部署

全部node節點安裝docker-ce

# wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# yum makecache
# yum install docker-ce-18.06.2.ce-3.el7 -y
# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

建立安裝目錄

# mkdir /data/{install,ssl_config} -pv
# mkdir /data/ssl_config/{etcd,kubernetes} -pv
# mkdir /cloud/k8s/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -pv
# mkdir /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -pv

添加環境變量

vim /etc/profile
######Kubernetes########
export PATH=$PATH:/cloud/k8s/etcd/bin/:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

四、建立ssl證書

下載證書生成工具

[root@k8s-master ~]# wget -P /usr/local/bin/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master ~]# wget -P /usr/local/bin/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master ~]# wget -P /usr/local/bin/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 
[root@k8s-master ~]# mv /usr/local/bin/cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
[root@k8s-master ~]# mv /usr/local/bin/cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
[root@k8s-master ~]# mv /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
[root@k8s-master ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/*

建立etcd相關證書

# etcd證書ca配置
[root@k8s-master etcd]# pwd
/data/ssl_config/etcd
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat ca-config.json 
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

# etcd ca配置文件
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat ca-csr.json 
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}

# etcd server 證書
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat server-csr.json 
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "k8s-node3",
    "k8s-node2",
    "k8s-node1",
    "192.168.248.66",
    "192.168.248.67",
    "192.168.248.68"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}

# 生成etcd ca證書和私鑰
# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

建立kubernetes相關證書

# kubernetes 證書ca配置
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# pwd
/data/ssl_config/kubernetes
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

# 建立ca證書配置
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat ca-csr.json 
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

# 生成API_SERVER證書
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat server-csr.json 
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.248.65",
      "k8s-master",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

# 建立 Kubernetes Proxy 證書
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

# 生成ca證書
# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
# 生成 api-server 證書
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
# 生成 kube-proxy 證書
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

五、部署etcd集羣(在全部node節點操做)

解壓並配置etcd軟件包

# tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cp etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /cloud/k8s/etcd/bin/

編寫etcd配置文件

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# cat /cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd 
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.248.66:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.248.67:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.248.68:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# cat /cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd 
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.248.66:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.248.67:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.248.68:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

[root@k8s-node3 ~]# cat /cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd 
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.248.66:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.248.67:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.248.68:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

建立etcd啓動文件

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

將生成的etcd證書文件拷貝到全部node節點

[root@k8s-master etcd]# pwd
/data/ssl_config/etcd
[root@k8s-master etcd]# scp *.pem k8s-node1:/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/
[root@k8s-master etcd]# scp *.pem k8s-node2:/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/
[root@k8s-master etcd]# scp *.pem k8s-node3:/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/

啓動etcd集羣服務

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd

查看啓動狀態(任意一個node節點上執行便可)

[root@k8s-node1 ssl]# etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379"  cluster-health
member 2830381866015ef6 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.248.67:2379
member 355a96308320dc2a is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.248.66:2379
member a9a44d5d05a31ce0 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.248.68:2379
cluster is healthy

六、部署flannel網絡(全部node節點)

向etcd集羣中寫入pod網段信息(任意一臺node節點上執行)

etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem  \
--endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379"  \
set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "172.18.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'

查看寫入etcd集羣中的網段信息

# etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem  \
--endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379"  \
get /coreos.com/network/config

# [root@k8s-node1 ssl]# etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
> --cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
> --key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem  \
> --endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379" \
> ls /coreos.com/network/subnets
/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.18.95.0-24
/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.18.22.0-24
/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.18.54.0-24

解壓並配置flannel網絡插件

# tar xf  flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

配置flannel

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld 
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379 -etcd-cafile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

配置flanneld啓動文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service 
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置Docker啓動指定子網段

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
# restart the docker process if it exits prematurely
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啓動服務

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart docker

驗證fiannel網絡配置

node節點之間相互ping測docker0網卡的ip地址，能ping通說明flanneld網絡插件部署成功。

七、部署master節點組件

解壓master節點安裝包

# tar xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cp kubernetes//server/bin/{kube-scheduler,kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kubectl}  /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

配置kubernetes相關證書

# cp /data/ssl_config/kubernetes/*.pem /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/

部署 kube-apiserver 組件

建立 TLS Bootstrapping Token

[root@k8s-master cfg]# head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '   #生成隨機字符串
[root@k8s-master cfg]# pwd
/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat token.csv 
a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114ac,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

apiserver配置文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat kube-apiserver 
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.248.65 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.248.65 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

kube-apiserver啓動文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啓動kube-apiserver服務

[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start kube-apiserver
[root@k8s-master cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-apiserver
root       1050      1  4 09:02 ?        00:25:21 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver --logtostderr=true --v=4 --etcd-servers=https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379 --bind-address=192.168.248.65 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=192.168.248.65 --allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node --enable-bootstrap-token-auth --token-auth-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 --tls-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --tls-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --client-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --etcd-keyfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
root       1888   1083  0 18:15 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-apiserve

部署kube-scheduler組件

建立kube-scheduler配置文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler 
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect"

建立kube-scheduler啓動文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啓動kube-scheduler服務

[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload 
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service  
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start kube-scheduler.service
[root@k8s-master cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-scheduler
root       1716      1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:19 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect
root       1897   1083  0 18:21 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-scheduler

部署kube-controller-manager組件

建立kube-controller-manager配置文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager 
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

建立kube-controller-manager啓動文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啓動kube-controller-manager服務

[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start kube-controller-manager
[root@k8s-master cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-controller-manager
root       1709      1  2 16:12 ?        00:03:11 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem
root       1907   1083  0 18:29 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-controller-manager

查看集羣狀態

[root@k8s-master cfg]# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

八、部署node節點組件(全部node節點操做)

解壓node節點安裝包

[root@k8s-node1 install]# tar xf kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@k8s-node1 install]# cp kubernetes/node/bin/{kubelet,kube-proxy} /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

建立kubelet bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat environment.sh 
# 建立kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114ac
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.248.65:6443"
# 設置集羣參數
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 設置客戶端認證參數
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 設置上下文參數
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 設置默認上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 執行environment.sh生成bootstrap.kubeconfig[object Object]

建立 kubelet.kubeconfig 文件

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat envkubelet.kubeconfig.sh
# 建立kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114ac
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.248.65:6443"

# 設置集羣參數
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig

# 設置客戶端認證參數
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig

# 設置上下文參數
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet \
  --kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig

# 設置默認上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig

#執行envkubelet.kubeconfig.sh腳本，生成kubelet.kubeconfig[object Object]

建立kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat env_proxy.sh
# 建立kube-proxy kubeconfig文件

BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114ac
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.248.65:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

#執行env_proxy.sh腳本生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

將以上生成的kubeconfig複製到全部node節點

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node1:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node2:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node3:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/

全部node節點建立kubelet 參數配置模板文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat kubelet.config 
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.248.66
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true

[root@k8s-node2 cfg]# cat kubelet.config 
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.248.67
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true
    
[root@k8s-node3 cfg]# cat kubelet.config 
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.248.68
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true

建立kubelet配置文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=k8s-node1 \
--kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

[root@k8s-node2 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=k8s-node2 \
--kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

[root@k8s-node3 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=k8s-node3 \
--kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

建立kubelet啓動文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

將kubelet-bootstrap用戶綁定到系統集羣角色(不綁定角色，kubelet將沒法啓動成功)

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
  --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap

啓動kubelet服務(全部node節點)

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl enable kubelet
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl start kubelet
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# ps -ef |grep kubelet
root       3306      1  2 09:02 ?        00:14:47 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=k8s-node1 --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig --config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config --cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0
root      87181  12020  0 19:22 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kubelet

在master節點上approve kubelet CSR 請求

kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve $NAME
csr 狀態變爲 Approved,Issued 便可

查看集羣狀態及node節點

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# kubectl  get cs,node
NAME                                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
componentstatus/controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
componentstatus/scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
componentstatus/etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   

NAME             STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
node/k8s-node1   Ready    <none>   4d2h   v1.15.0
node/k8s-node2   Ready    <none>   4d2h   v1.15.0
node/k8s-node3   Ready    <none>   4d2h   v1.15.0

部署 node kube-proxy 組件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=k8s-node1 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

建立kube-proxy啓動文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啓動kube-proxy服務

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl enable kube-proxy
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl start kube-proxy
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-proxy
root        966      1  0 09:02 ?        00:01:20 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=k8s-node1 --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
root      87093  12020  0 19:22 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-proxy

部署Coredns組件

[root@k8s-master ~]# cat coredns.yaml 
# Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.base

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health
        kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
            pods insecure
            upstream
            fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        proxy . /etc/resolv.conf
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
  # 2. Default is 1.
  # 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  replicas: 3
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'docker/default'
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.3.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.0.0.2 
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml 
serviceaccount/coredns unchanged
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns unchanged
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns unchanged
configmap/coredns unchanged
deployment.extensions/coredns unchanged
service/kube-dns unchanged

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n kube-system   
NAME      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
coredns   3/3     3            3           33h
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n kube-system -o wide
NAME      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES                  SELECTOR
coredns   3/3     3            3           33h   coredns      coredns/coredns:1.3.1   k8s-app=kube-dns
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide          
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
coredns-b49c586cf-nwzv6   1/1     Running   1          33h   172.18.54.3   k8s-node3   <none>           <none>
coredns-b49c586cf-qv5b9   1/1     Running   1          33h   172.18.22.3   k8s-node1   <none>           <none>
coredns-b49c586cf-rcqhc   1/1     Running   1          33h   172.18.95.2   k8s-node2   <none>           <none>
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system -o wide   
NAME       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE   SELECTOR
kube-dns   ClusterIP   10.0.0.2     <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP   33h   k8s-app=kube-dns

到此kubernetes V1.15.0乞丐版部署完成。