MHA(Master High Availability)是一款開源的mysql高可用程序,目前在mysql高可用方面是一個相對成熟的解決方案。MHA 搭建的前提是MySQL集羣中已經搭建了MySql Replication環境,有了Master/Slave節點。MHA的主要做用就是監測到Master節點故障時會提高主從複製環境中擁有最新數據的Slave節點成爲新的master節點。同時,在切換master期間,MHA會經過從其餘的Slave節點來獲取額外的信息來避免一致性的問題,整個的切換過程對於應用程序而言是徹底透明的。MHA還提供了master節點在線切換功能,即按需切換master/slave節點node
MHA 服務有兩個角色,MHA Manager 和 MHA Node
MHA Manager: 一般單獨部署在一臺獨立機器上管理 master/slave 集羣,每一個master/slave 集羣能夠理解爲一個application。mysql
MHA Node: 運行在每臺mysql 服務器(master/slave)上。它經過監控具有解析和清理logs功能來加快故障轉移。linux
總體上的架構以下圖所示sql
MHA 在自動切換的過程當中會從宕掉的MySql master節點中保存二進制日誌,以保證數據的完整性。可是若是master節點直接宕機了呢,或者網絡直接不能聯通了呢?MHA就沒有辦法獲取master的二進制日誌,也就沒有辦法保證數據的完整性了。這也就是爲何MHA應該與MySql主從複製結合起來。這樣的話,只要有一個slave節點從master節點複製到了最新的日誌,MHA就能夠將最近的二進制日誌應用到其餘的slave節點上,這樣就能夠最大限度上保證數據的完整性。vim
MHA 自動切換的原理能夠總結爲下面幾點.服務器
MHA 提供了不少的程序組件,經過這些組件,咱們 能夠很方便的管理MHA集羣。網絡
Manager節點:架構
Node節點:app
環境以下less
MHA manager 192.168.94.11 manager
master1 192.168.94.22 sqlm1
slave1 192.168.94.33 sqls1
slave2 192.168.94.44 sqls2
作好準備工做 , 準備好全部安裝包以及依賴關係
關閉防火牆、SElinux
下載mha-manager和mha-node
http://downloads.mariadb.com/MHA/
下載源碼、rpm包均可以
安裝依賴包和mariadb
# 全部服務器相同操做 [root@manager ~]# yum -y install ntp perl cpan perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes mariadb mariadb-server # manager生成密鑰對 , 把公鑰發到下面 [root@manager ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa [root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.94.22 [root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.94.33 [root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.94.44 # 手動驗證 , 第一次鏈接須要敲yes [root@manager ~]# ssh sqlm1 [root@manager ~]# ssh sqls1 [root@manager ~]# ssh sqls2 # sqlm1服務器生成祕鑰對 , 發給sqls一、2 # sqls1服務器生成密鑰對 , 發給sqlm一、sqls2 # sqls2服務器生成密鑰對 , 發給sqlm一、sqls1 # 無需驗證
配置mariadb配置文件
# 全部服務器作相同操做 同步時間 [root@manager ~]# ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org [root@manager ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id=22 log-bin=mysql-bin log-slave-updates=true relay_log_purge=0 [root@sqls1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id=33 log-bin=mysql-bin relay-log=slave-relay-bin log-slave-updates=true relay_log_purge=0 [root@sqls2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id=44 log-bin=mysql-bin relay-log=slave-relay-bin log-slave-updates=true relay_log_purge=0
受權主從複製用戶
[root@sqlm1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@sqlm1 ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.94.%' identified by '123123'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G File: mysql-bin.000003 Position: 473 [root@sqls1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@sqls1 ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.94.%' identified by '123123'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.94.22',master_user='repl',master_password='123123',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=473; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G [root@sqls2 ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@sqls2 ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.94.%' identified by '123123'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.94.22',master_user='repl',master_password='123123',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=473; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
下載安裝mha-manager 、mha-node
# manager須要兩個都安裝 , 其餘只須要安裝node wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MHA/mha4mysql-node-0.54-0.el6.noarch.rpm wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MHA/mha4mysql-manager-0.55-0.el6.noarch.rpm rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.54-0.el6.noarch.rpm rpm -ivh mha4mysql-manager-0.55-0.el6.noarch.rpm
在master上配置MHA文件
[root@manager ~]# mkdir -p /masterha/app1 [root@manager ~]# mkdir /etc/masterha [root@manager ~]# vim /etc/masterha/default.cnf [server default]
user=mha password=123123 manager_workdir=/masterha/app1 manager_log=/masterha/app1/manager.log remote_workdir=/masterha/app1 ssh_user=root repl_user=repl repl_password=123123 ping_interval=1 master_ip_failover_script="/usr/bin/masterha_ip_failover" [server1] hostname=sqlm1 master_binlog_dir=/var/lib/mysql candidate_master=1 [server2] hostname=sqls1 master_binlog_dir=/var/lib/mysql candidate_master=1 [server3] hostname=sqls2 master_binlog_dir=/var/lib/mysql
[root@manager ~]# vim /usr/bin/masterha_ip_failover
[root@manager ~]# chmod +x /usr/bin/masterha_ip_failover
masterha_ip_failover內容
#!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings FATAL => 'all'; use Getopt::Long; my ( $command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port ); my $vip = '192.168.94.111/24'; my $key = '1'; my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip"; my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down"; GetOptions( 'command=s' => \$command, 'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user, 'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host, 'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip, 'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port, 'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host, 'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip, 'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port, ); exit &main(); sub main { print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n"; if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) { my $exit_code = 1; eval { print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n"; &stop_vip(); $exit_code = 0; }; if ($@) { warn "Got Error: $@\n"; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "start" ) { my $exit_code = 10; eval { print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n"; } } } &stop_vip(); &start_vip(); $exit_code = 0; }; if ($@) { warn $@; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "status" ) { print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n"; exit 0; } else { &usage(); exit 1; } } sub start_vip() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`; } sub stop_vip() { return 0 unless ($ssh_user); `ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`; } sub usage { print "Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n"; }
受權mha用戶給本地
# 全部node作相同操做 MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'sqlm1' identified by '123123'; MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'sqls1' identified by '123123'; MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'sqls2' identified by '123123'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
masterha_check_ssh工具驗證的ssh信任登陸是否成功
[root@manager ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/default.cnf
masterha_check_repl工具驗證的MySQL複製是否成功
[root@manager ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/default.cnf
測試
[root@manager ~]# masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/default.cnf tail -f /masterha/app1/manager.log [root@sqlm1 ~]# systemctl stop mariadb