oracle 用rman 備份

時間  2019-12-17
標籤 oracle rman 備份 欄目 Oracle 简体版
原文   原文鏈接
  1. 全量備份
    backup database;能夠全量備份 數據文件，參數文件，控制文件 
    RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=146 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/user02.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/tmpspace0327
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0ds11ob8_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T221256 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:46
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0es11oej_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T221256 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

     

  2. 參數文件備份
    backup spfile; 
    RMAN> backup spfile;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=146 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0fs11p18_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T222440 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

    backup spfile format '/tmp/spfile.bkp'; 
    RMAN> backup spfile format '/tmp/20170406spfile.bkp';

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/20170406spfile.bkp tag=TAG20170406T222553 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

     

  3. 控制文件備份
    backup current controlfile;
    控制文件有多個，可是當前使用的只有1個，因此要備份當前使用的控制文件纔有效 
    RMAN> backup current controlfile;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0hs11phs_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T223332 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

    backup current controlfile format '/tmp/20170406controlfile.bkp'; 
    RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/tmp/20170406controlfile.bkp';

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/20170406controlfile.bkp tag=TAG20170406T223744 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

  4. 拷貝式備份文件
    backup 備份文件式備份的更新的block。還有一種方式就是backup as copy current controlfile; 至關於直接被文件用scp拷貝了一份。sql

    RMAN> backup as copy current controlfile;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/tmp/cf_D-ORCL_id-1461163151_0ks11q2h tag=TAG20170406T224225 RECID=5 STAMP=940632145
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

     

  5. 數據文件備份
    數據文件的備份能夠在backup database；中備份這裏就很少少了，下面主要介紹一下單獨對數據文件進行備份。
    備份表空間：backkup tablespace user,example;
      多個表空間哦那個逗號分隔。 
    SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,STATUS from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME 	       STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM			       ONLINE
SYSAUX			       ONLINE
UNDOTBS1		       ONLINE
TEMP			       ONLINE
USERS			       ONLINE
USER02			       ONLINE
TMP_SPACE_0327		       ONLINE

7 rows selected.
RMAN> backup tablespace users,TMP_SPACE_0327;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=33 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/tmpspace0327
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0ls11re5_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T230541 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

    備份數據文件：backup datafile 1,2,3;或者backup datafile 'path'
      oracle

    SQL>  select file#, STATUS,ENABLED,NAME from v$datafile;

     FILE# STATUS  ENABLED    NAME
---------- ------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
	 1 SYSTEM  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
	 2 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
	 3 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
	 4 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
	 5 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/user02.dbf
	 6 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/tmpspace0327

6 rows selected.
RMAN> backup datafile 4,6;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=9 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/tmpspace0327
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0ms11rn0_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T231023 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

RMAN> backup datafile '/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf';

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0ns11rns_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T231052 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

    數據文件備份一樣也能夠用backup as copy tablespace users;spa

  6. 快速備份
    備份文件的時候系統要查看哪些block是更新了的，這樣也會消耗很多資源，有一種辦法就是對更新的block 進行整理標記速度就會快一點，這個就是跟蹤文件。
    alter database enable block change tracking using file '/tmp/hurrup.file'; 
    SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/tmp/hurrup.file';

Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking;

STATUS	   FILENAME			       BYTES
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
ENABLED    /tmp/hurrup.file		    11599872

     
  7. 歸檔備份
    backup archive log all;備份後歸檔日誌和備份的歸檔日誌都有
    backup archive log all delete input; 備份歸檔日誌後把原來的歸檔日誌刪除
    backup database plus archivelog; 能夠在全量備份的時候添加上備份歸檔日誌。
  8. 檢查備份文件
    list backup of spfile/controlfile/datafile;
    list copy of spfile/controlfile/datafile; 
    RMAN> list copy of controlfile;

List of Control File Copies
===========================

Key     S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time       
------- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
5       A 06-APR-17       2283452    06-APR-17      
        Name: /tmp/cf_D-ORCL_id-1461163151_0ks11q2h
        Tag: TAG20170406T224225

4       A 17-JAN-17       1105880    17-JAN-17      
        Name: /u01/oracle/11g/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f
        Tag: TAG20170117T000003


RMAN> list backup of spfile;


List of Backup Sets
===================


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2       Full    9.83M      DISK        00:00:03     06-APR-17      
        BP Key: 2   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170406T221256
        Piece Name: /tmp/0es11oej_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 06-APR-17
  SPFILE db_unique_name: PORCL

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3       Full    80.00K     DISK        00:00:00     06-APR-17      
        BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170406T222440
        Piece Name: /tmp/0fs11p18_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 06-APR-17
  SPFILE db_unique_name: PORCL

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4       Full    80.00K     DISK        00:00:00     06-APR-17      
        BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170406T222553
        Piece Name: /tmp/20170406spfile.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 06-APR-17
  SPFILE db_unique_name: PORCL

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7       Full    80.00K     DISK        00:00:00     06-APR-17      
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170406T224132
        Piece Name: /tmp/0js11q0s_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 06-APR-17
  SPFILE db_unique_name: PORCL

  9. 差別備份和增量備份
    差別備份：備份從上一次備份到如今更新的block
      關鍵字：incremantal
      sql：backup incremantal level 0 database;
      解釋：0 表示0級備份也就是全量備份

    增量備份：增量累計量備份，從上次增量級別-1以來變化的block
        關鍵字：cumulative
         sql:backup cumulative incremantal level 2 database;
         解釋：例如一週天天都作一個增量，只是級別不一樣，以下：
    7         1         2         3         4         5         6
    L0       L2       L2        L1       L2       L2       Lc1
    全量備份
     |-------| 2-1=1 是從0 到1 的備份
                |-------| 2-1=1 是從1 到1
    |-----------------------|1-1=0 從0到如今的備份
                                      |-------|2-1=1 上次0到1
                                                 |-------|2-1=1 從上次0到1
    |----------------------------------------------| 從0到C1 再作一次全量備份
    注意：級別0 是必需要有的，其餘1，2，3，4都是基於0的基礎上累計的。日誌

  10. backup recovery；恢復code

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