Listener
、Filter
和Servlet
是Java Web開發過程當中經常使用的三個組件,其中Filter組件的使用頻率最高,常常被用來作簡單的權限處理、請求頭過濾和防止XSS
***等。若是咱們使用的是傳統的Spring MVC進行開發,那麼只須要在Tomcat的web.xml文件中進行以下配置便可:css
<!-- 配置Listener --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.WebAppRootListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!--配置Filter,這邊配置了一個Filter,可是匹配了多個url-pattern--> <!-- 以url-partern方式配置的filter中,若是有多個與當前請求匹配,則按web.xml中filter-mapping出現的順序來運行--> <filter> <filter-name>filter1</filter-name> <filter-class>com.csx.MyFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>filter1</filter-name> <url-pattern>/url/a/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>filter1</filter-name> <url-pattern>/url/b/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!--配置Servlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.spring.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <!-- 這邊不建議寫成/* --> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
PS:在容器啓動的時候,上面三個組件啓動的順序是Listener --> Filter --> Servlet,這邊安利一個記憶的方法:把啓動順序記憶成「理(Listener)發(Filter)師(Servlet)」便可。web
在web.xml中配置這三個組件比較簡單,可是使用Spring-Boot開發時使用的是嵌入式容器,並無web.xml文件讓咱們進行配置。那麼在Spring-Boot中到底要怎麼配置Listener
、Filter
和Servlet
等組件呢?spring
本篇博客以Filter
爲列,介紹下在Spring-Boot中怎麼配置Listener
、Filter
和Servlet
等組件。mvc
這邊咱們先來自定義一個Filter,這個Filter的做用是統計一個接口的調用時間。app
public class TimeConsumingCalculationFilter implements Filter { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest httpRequest=(HttpServletRequest)request; long startTime = System.nanoTime(); logger.info(">>>>>>> Begin ["+httpRequest.getRequestURI()+"]..."); try{ chain.doFilter(request, response); }finally { long endTime = System.nanoTime(); logger.info(">>>>>>> End ["+httpRequest.getRequestURI()+"]["+(endTime-startTime)/1000/1000.0+"ms]."); } } }
在Spring-Boot中配置上面的Filter,咱們只須要在@Configuration
文件中作以下配置便可:ide
@Configuration public class WebConfig { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebConfig.class); @Bean public Filter filter1(){ return new TimeConsumingCalculationFilter(); } }
上面的Filter默認會攔截全部請求。假如咱們想要配置多個攔截器的話,只要再加一個Bean方法就能夠了。url
@Configuration public class WebConfig { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebConfig.class); @Bean public Filter filter1(){ return new TimeConsumingCalculationFilter(); } @Bean public Filter filter2() { return new TimeConsumingCalculationFilter2(); } }
上面的配置代碼配置了兩個Filter,兩個Filter默認都會攔截全部請求,攔截的順序是:filter1-->filter2。這邊的邏輯是先配置的Filter先攔截,後配置的Filter後攔截。固然,若是咱們想明確指定攔截順序的話能夠藉助@Order
註解。可是須要注意的是這個註解必定要加在定義的類上面。spa
@Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 2) public class TimeConsumingCalculationFilter implements Filter { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { //your logic } } @Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 1) public class TimeConsumingCalculationFilter implements Filter { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { //your logic } }
PS: @Order中的value值越大,執行的優先級越小。值越小,優先級越大。當咱們自定義執行順序的時候,建議使用
@Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 1)
這種形式配置,Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE減去的值越大,優先級越高,這樣看起來比較直觀。代理
另外,Spring還提供了一個OrderedFilter
接口,這個接口是Filter
和Ordered
的組合接口,原理和上面的是同樣的。你們能夠看狀況使用。code
上面的這種配置方式優勢是配置起來很是簡單,可是缺點也比較明顯,就是配置不夠靈活,默認會攔截全部請求。
@WebFilter
註解是Servlet中提供的註解,Spring也支持這個註解。@WebFilter
能進行細粒度的進行配置,比上面的方式更加靈活。
@Configuration public class WebConfig { //能夠自定義url-pattern @WebFilter(urlPatterns="/*") @Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 2) //這邊若是不加`@Configuration`,須要經過`@ServletComponentScan`掃描`Listener`、`Filter`和`Servlet`這三個組件 @Configuration public class TimeConsumingCalculationFilter implements Filter { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { //your logic } } @WebFilter(urlPatterns="/*") @Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 2) //這邊若是不加`@Configuration`,須要經過`@ServletComponentScan`掃描`Listener`、`Filter`和`Servlet`這三個組件 @Configuration public class TimeConsumingCalculationFilter2 implements Filter { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { //your logic } } }
經過 @WebFilter
註解的方式配置Filter簡單,並且可以自定義url-pattern和攔截順序。
@Configuration public class WebConfig { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebConfig.class); @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> filter1() { FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>(); registrationBean.setName("filter1"); registrationBean.setOrder(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 2); registrationBean.setFilter(new TimeConsumingCalculationFilter()); registrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/foo/*"); return registrationBean; } @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> filter2() { FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>(); registrationBean.setName("filter2"); registrationBean.setOrder(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 3); registrationBean.setFilter(new TimeConsumingCalculationFilter1()); registrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*"); registrationBean.addInitParameter("key1","value1"); registrationBean.addInitParameter("key2","value2"); //經過Servlet name匹配Filter,不建議使用 registrationBean.addServletNames("name1"); return registrationBean; } }
注意點:
@Configuration public class WebConfig { @Bean("myFilter") //配置了DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean後,這種方式配置的Filter不會生效了,只會攔截/foo/*的請求 public Filter myFilter(){ return new TimeConsumingCalculationFilter(); } @Bean public DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean delegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean(){ DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean filterProxy = new DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean("myFilter"); filterProxy.addUrlPatterns("/foo/*"); filterProxy.addInitParameter("targetFilterLifecycle","true"); filterProxy.addInitParameter("exclusions", "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico"); filterProxy.setDispatcherTypes(DispatcherType.REQUEST); return filterProxy; } }
FilterRegistrationBean和DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean區別: