Python 基礎之壓縮模塊zipfile與tarfile

一．壓縮模塊 zipfile

(1)建立一個zip壓縮包

import zipfile #zip_deflated 表明是壓縮的意思
#打開壓縮包
zf = zipfile.ZipFile("ceshi1005.zip","w",zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
print(zf)
#寫入文件
#write("路徑","別名")
zf.write("/bin/cat","cat")
zf.write("/bin/ls","ls")
zf.write("/bin/chgrp","chgrp")
#關閉壓縮包
zf.close()

(2)解壓文件

zf = zipfile.ZipFile("ceshi1005.zip","r")
#extractall("路徑") 解壓全部文件到一個文件夾當中
zf.extractall("./ceshi100005")

#zf.extract("文件名","路徑")  解壓單個文件到文件夾當中
zf.extract("ls","./ceshi100006")
zf.close()

(3)追加文件

#zipfile 一樣支持with語法
with zipfile.ZipFile("ceshi1005.zip","a",zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
    #在添加文件的時候,能夠動態爲該文件建立文件夾
    zf.write("/bin/cp","/and/cp")
#(4)查看壓縮包中的內容
with zipfile.ZipFile("ceshi1005.zip","r") as zf:
    res = zf.namelist()
print(res)

二．tarfile 壓縮包

import tarfile

(1)建立tarfile壓縮包

tf = tarfile.open("ceshi001.tar","w",encoding="utf-8")
#add(路徑,別名) 添加文件到壓縮包當中
tf.add("/bin/dash","dash")
tf.add("/bin/dd","dd")
tf.add("/bin/df","/tmp/df")

#關閉壓縮包
tf.close()  #327680

#按照gz 算法 建立一個.tar.gz 的壓縮包
tf = tarfile.open("ceshi001.tar.gz","w:gz",encoding="utf-8")
tf.add("/bin/dash","dash")
tf.add("/bin/dd","dd")
tf.add("/bin/df","/tmp/df")
tf.close()   #162558


#按照bz2算法 建立一個.tar.bs2 的壓縮包
tf = tarfile.open("ceshi001.tar.bz2","w:bz2",encoding="utf-8")
tf.add("/bin/dash","dash")
tf.add("/bin/dd","dd")
tf.add("/bin/df","/tmp/df")
tf.close()  #147524

#理論上:bz2算法壓縮包要比gz算法壓縮的包小

(2) 解壓文件

tf = tarfile.open("ceshi001.tar.gz","r",encoding="utf-8")
#一次性解壓全部
#tf.extractall("ceshi001")
#解壓單個文件
tf.extract("dd","ceshi001_dd")
tf.close()

(3)追加文件

tarfile 有侷限性,不能對已經壓縮好的包進行追加文件
只能對光打包不壓縮的文件進行追加
#
#with tarfile.open("ceshi001.tar.bz2","a",encoding="utf-8") as tf:
with tarfile.open("ceshi001.tar","a",encoding="utf-8") as tf:
    #add(路徑,別名)
    tf.add("/bin/sleep","sleep")

(4)查看壓縮包的內容

with tarfile.open("ceshi001.tar","r",encoding="utf-8") as tf:
    res = tf.getnames()
print(res)


##對tarfile 的追加進行改寫
(1)把原來的壓縮包進行解壓
(2)把要追加的文件塞進去
(3)從新過濾,從新打包

import os
#__file__
res = os.getcwd()
path1 = os.path.join(res,"ceshi001.tar.bz2")
path2 = os.path.join(res,"ceshi0011")
print(path1) #/mnt/hgfs/pylinux/ceshi001.bar.bz2
print(path2) #/mnt/hgfs/pylinux/ceshi0011

#(1)把原來的壓縮包進行解壓
with tarfile.open(path1,mode="r",encoding="utf-8") as tf:
    tf.extractall(path2)  #把解壓出來的文件放在ceshi0011上

#(2) 把要追加的文件塞進去
#os.system("cp -a /bin/login    " + path2)
os.system("cp -a /bin/login {}".format(path2))

#(3) 開始過濾,dd這個文件過濾不要了
lst = os.listdir(path2)
with tarfile.open(path1,"w:bz2",encoding="utf-8") as tf:
    for i in lst:
        path_new = os.path.join(path2,i)
        if i != "dd":
            #add(路徑,文件/文件夾)
            tf.add(path_new,i)