java經常使用線程池

Java經過Executors提供四種線程池,分別爲:
newCachedThreadPool建立一個可緩存線程池,若是線程池長度超過處理須要,可靈活回收空閒線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。
newFixedThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大併發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池,支持定時及週期性任務執行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 建立一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用惟一的工做線程來執行任務,保證全部任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先級)執行。java

(1) newCachedThreadPool
建立一個可緩存線程池,若是線程池長度超過處理須要,可靈活回收空閒線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。示例代碼以下:緩存

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
   final int index = i;  
   try {  
    Thread.sleep(index * 1000);  
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
    e.printStackTrace();  
   }  
   cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {  
    public void run() {  
     System.out.println(index);  
    }  
   });  
  }  
 }  
}

線程池爲無限大,當執行第二個任務時第一個任務已經完成,會複用執行第一個任務的線程,而不用每次新建線程併發

(2) newFixedThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大併發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。示例代碼以下:工具

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);  
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
   final int index = i;  
   fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {  
    public void run() {  
     try {  
      System.out.println(index);  
      Thread.sleep(2000);  
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
      e.printStackTrace();  
     }  
    }  
   });  
  }  
 }  
}

由於線程池大小爲3,每一個任務輸出index後sleep 2秒,因此每兩秒打印3個數字。
定長線程池的大小最好根據系統資源進行設置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()線程

(3)  newScheduledThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池,支持定時及週期性任務執行。延遲執行示例代碼以下:code

package test;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  
  scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {  
   public void run() {  
    System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");  
   }  
  }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  
 }  
}

表示延遲3秒執行。隊列

按期執行示例代碼以下:資源

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  
  scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {  
   public void run() {  
    System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");  
   }  
  }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  
 }  
}

表示延遲1秒後每3秒執行一次。get

(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
建立一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用惟一的工做線程來執行任務,保證全部任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先級)執行。示例代碼以下:it

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();  
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
   final int index = i;  
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {  
    public void run() {  
     try {  
      System.out.println(index);  
      Thread.sleep(2000);  
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
      e.printStackTrace();  
     }  
    }  
   });  
  }  
 }  
}

結果依次輸出,至關於順序執行各個任務。

你能夠使用JDK自帶的監控工具來監控咱們建立的線程數量,運行一個不終止的線程,建立指定量的線程,來觀察:
工具目錄:C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
運行程序作稍微修改

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  
  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {  
   final int index = i;  
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {  
    public void run() {  
     try {  
      while(true) {  
       System.out.println(index);  
       Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);  
      }  
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
      e.printStackTrace();  
     }  
    }  
   });  
   try {  
    Thread.sleep(500);  
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
    e.printStackTrace();  
   }  
  }  
 }  
}
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